When planning a project, choose the sampling method based on objectives, site characteristics, and budget. Disturbed sampling with tools like augers or shovels is good for identifying soil types and moisture but lacks accuracy for strength or density. Undisturbed sampling with tools like Shelby tubes provides data on soil engineering properties but requires more care and equipment. Rock coring, using diamond or tungsten carbide bits, is expensive and time-consuming but essential for detailed rock analysis.

Another thing that would inform the sampling technique and even the scope of said technique is information about the geology and topography of the area involved that can be obtained during desk study.

Las mejores prácticas para el muestreo de suelos y rocas durante las investigaciones del sitio incluyen una planificación meticulosa y el uso de técnicas adecuadas. Primero, desarrolle un plan de muestreo detallado que considere la heterogeneidad del sitio y los objetivos del proyecto. Utilice equipos de perforación y muestreo apropiados, como barrenas y perforadoras, para obtener muestras representativas. Asegúrese de que las muestras sean extraídas a diferentes profundidades y ubicaciones para capturar la variabilidad del terreno. Mantenga la integridad de las muestras mediante un manejo cuidadoso y un almacenamiento adecuado en contenedores sellados. Documente meticulosamente la ubicación, profundidad y condiciones de cada muestra.

During site investigations, it is crucial to follow applicable standards and guidelines for soil and rock sampling. These standards, which may be international, national, or regional, detail procedures, equipment, and quality criteria for sampling. Commonly used standards include ASTM D420, BS EN ISO 22475-1, AS 1726, and NZS 4402. Compliance ensures that soil and rock samples are consistent, comparable, and meet the expectations of customers, regulators, and stakeholders.

Proper labeling and documentation of soil and rock samples are crucial to avoid confusion, errors, and disputes. Each sample should be labeled with a unique identifier that includes the project name, site location, borehole number, depth, and date. Document the sampling method, equipment used, and site conditions in a field logbook or report. Additionally, take photos or videos of the samples and site to provide visual evidence and context. This thorough documentation ensures clarity and reliability throughout the project.

Preserving and transporting soil and rock samples correctly is essential to maintain their integrity and quality until they reach the laboratory. Use different preservation methods based on the sample type and purpose, such as sealing, refrigeration, freezing, or stabilization. Transport samples securely, avoiding shocks, vibrations, and temperature fluctuations. Use appropriate containers, packaging, and labels to protect and identify samples during transit. Keep a record of the chain of custody and ensure proper delivery to the laboratory.

Proper preservation and transportation of soil and rock samples are crucial to maintain their integrity and quality until they reach the laboratory. Depending on the sample type, purpose, expected duration, and transportation method, different preservation methods should be employed. These methods include sealing, refrigeration, freezing, and stabilization. Furthermore, samples should be transported securely to prevent shocks, vibrations, or temperature fluctuations. Adequate containers, packaging, and labeling should be utilized to protect and identify samples during transit. Finally, maintaining a record of the chain of custody and delivery of samples to the laboratory is essential.

Ensuring the accuracy of soil and rock samples is essential for effective site investigations and construction projects. To achieve this, regular verification and validation procedures are indispensable. Field tests, including density, moisture, or classification tests, are conducted on-site to assess sample properties and consistency. Laboratory tests further validate the engineering performance and behavior of the samples. Quality control plays a vital role in this process. It entails comparing sample and test results with expected values, standards, or benchmarks to identify any discrepancies. Any errors, anomalies, or deviations are rectified promptly to maintain data integrity.