2 Field testing and sampling

Field testing and sampling are the main methods of obtaining direct information about the soil and rock properties and behavior of the site. Depending on the project requirements and site constraints, you can use different techniques, such as drilling, coring, probing, sounding, vane testing, plate load testing, pressuremeter testing, and dilatometer testing. You also need to collect representative soil and rock samples, either disturbed or undisturbed, for further laboratory testing and examination. You should follow the relevant standards and guidelines for field testing and sampling, such as ASTM, BS, or ISO, and document the procedures, results, and observations in a clear and consistent manner.

3 Laboratory testing and analysis

Laboratory testing and analysis are the methods of verifying and supplementing the field data, as well as obtaining more detailed and accurate information about the soil and rock characteristics and parameters of the site. Depending on the project needs and site conditions, you can perform different tests, such as classification, compaction, consolidation, shear strength, permeability, compressibility, swelling, shrinkage, chemical, and mineralogical tests. You should follow the appropriate standards and methods for laboratory testing and analysis, such as ASTM, BS, or ISO, and report the procedures, results, and interpretations in a comprehensive and reliable way.

4 Geotechnical modeling and design

Geotechnical modeling and design are the methods of integrating and synthesizing the geotechnical data and information, as well as applying the relevant theories and principles, to develop a conceptual or numerical model of the site, and to design the structural elements, foundations, and earthworks that suit the site conditions and meet the project specifications. You should use the appropriate software and tools for geotechnical modeling and design, such as Plaxis, GeoStudio, or RocScience, and consider the factors that affect the geotechnical performance and behavior of the site, such as groundwater, seismicity, climate, erosion, settlement, stability, and load transfer.

5 Quality control and assurance

Quality control and assurance are the methods of ensuring that the geotechnical site investigation is conducted in a professional and ethical manner, and that the geotechnical data and information are valid and reliable. You should implement quality control and assurance measures throughout the geotechnical site investigation process, such as checking the equipment calibration, verifying the data accuracy, reviewing the test procedures and results, auditing the reports and documents, and validating the models and designs. You should also follow the relevant codes and regulations for quality control and assurance, such as ASCE, ACI, or Eurocode, and adhere to the best practices and standards of the structural engineering profession.