1 What is Z39.50?

Z39.50 is an international standard that defines a common language and format for communication between different information systems, such as library catalogs, bibliographic databases, and digital collections. Z39.50 allows users to perform searches across multiple systems using a single interface and receive consistent results in a uniform format. Z39.50 also supports various functions, such as browsing, sorting, filtering, and displaying records, as well as retrieving full-text documents or media files.

2 Why is Z39.50 important for libraries?

Z39.50 is important for libraries because it enables interoperability and integration of diverse information sources, which can enhance the quality and scope of library services. By using Z39.50, libraries can offer their users access to a wider range of resources, both within and outside their own networks, and reduce duplication and inconsistency of data. Z39.50 can also facilitate collaboration and cooperation among libraries, as well as with other organizations, such as publishers, museums, archives, and educational institutions, that use compatible information systems.

3 How does Z39.50 work?

Z39.50 works by establishing a connection between a client and a server, which are both software applications that implement the Z39.50 protocol. The client is usually a user interface that allows the user to enter a query and view the results, while the server is usually a database that stores and provides the information. The client and the server exchange messages using Z39.50, which specify the parameters and conditions of the search and retrieval process. Z39.50 messages are based on a set of rules and definitions, called profiles, that determine the syntax and semantics of the communication.

5 What are the challenges of Z39.50?

Z39.50 presents several challenges for library information systems. It is complex and technical, requiring a high level of expertise and knowledge to implement and maintain, and can be difficult for users unfamiliar with its features and functions. Furthermore, the protocol is variable and inconsistent, producing different results based on the configuration and capabilities of the client and server, as well as having compatibility issues with various versions and profiles. Additionally, Z39.50 is limited and outdated, unable to support some of the features desired in the current information environment, such as relevance ranking, metadata harvesting, and web services.

6 How can Z39.50 be improved?

Z39.50 can be improved by addressing the existing challenges and limitations, and adapting to the changing needs and expectations of users and information systems. To do this, new profiles and extensions can be developed and adopted, such as ZING (Z39.50 International Next Generation) and SRU (Search/Retrieve via URL). Additionally, user-friendly and intuitive interfaces and tools should be provided and promoted, like ZeeRex (XML-based registry of Z39.50 servers and services) and YAZ (toolkit for developing Z39.50 clients and servers). Lastly, Z39.50 should be integrated with other standards and protocols that can complement its features, such as Dublin Core (standard for describing and exchanging metadata) and OCLC (global library cooperative providing shared services).