2 Time-domain solvers

Time-domain solvers are based on solving the time-dependent Maxwell's equations for a given time interval or a series of time steps. They are suitable for problems that involve transient or non-periodic sources, such as pulses, impulses, or random signals. Time-domain solvers can capture the dynamic behavior of the system, such as reflections, resonances, and wave propagation. They can also handle broadband or multi-frequency problems with a single simulation. However, they may require a long simulation time and a fine time step, especially for high frequencies or dispersive materials. They also may suffer from numerical dispersion and stability issues, depending on the discretization scheme and the Courant condition.

3 Hybrid solvers

Hybrid solvers are based on combining different solvers or methods to exploit their strengths and overcome their weaknesses. For example, some hybrid solvers use a frequency-domain solver for the interior of the domain and a time-domain solver for the exterior, to reduce the computational cost and improve the accuracy. Other hybrid solvers use a finite element method (FEM) for the regions with complex geometries or materials and a boundary element method (BEM) for the regions with simple geometries or materials, to reduce the mesh size and the memory. Hybrid solvers can offer a flexible and efficient way to solve challenging electromagnetics problems, but they may require more expertise and tuning to set up and validate.

4 How to choose the best solver

There is no definitive answer to which solver is the best for every electromagnetics problem. The choice depends on several factors, such as the type, frequency, and geometry of the problem, the accuracy and speed requirements, the available resources and software, and the personal preference and experience of the user. However, some general guidelines can help you make an informed decision. For example, you can use a frequency-domain solver if you are interested in steady-state or harmonic behavior, a time-domain solver if you are interested in transient or non-periodic behavior, and a hybrid solver if you are dealing with a complex or multi-scale problem. You can also compare different solvers by running some benchmarks or test cases and evaluating their performance and results.

5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?