1 Define autonomy and non-maleficence

Autonomy is the ability and right of individuals to make their own decisions and act on their own values, without undue influence or coercion. Non-maleficence is the principle of avoiding or minimizing harm or injury to others, especially when they are vulnerable or dependent. These two ethical principles are often linked to the concepts of beneficence and justice, which are the obligations to promote the well-being and fairness of others.

2 Apply the four-way test

One way to incorporate autonomy and non-maleficence in your feedback and evaluation methods is to apply the four-way test, a tool developed by Rotary International to guide ethical decision-making. The four-way test asks four questions: Is it the truth? Is it fair to all concerned? Will it build goodwill and better friendships? Will it be beneficial to all concerned? By answering these questions, you can check if your feedback and evaluation methods are honest, impartial, respectful, and helpful.

3 Use the SMART criteria

Another way to incorporate autonomy and non-maleficence in your feedback and evaluation methods is to use the SMART criteria, a framework for setting and assessing goals and objectives. The SMART criteria stand for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. By using these criteria, you can ensure that your feedback and evaluation methods are clear, objective, realistic, meaningful, and timely.

4 Seek consent and feedback

A third way to incorporate autonomy and non-maleficence in your feedback and evaluation methods is to seek consent and feedback from the recipients of your feedback and evaluation. Consent means that you inform them of the purpose, process, and outcomes of your feedback and evaluation, and that you respect their right to accept or decline. Feedback means that you ask them for their opinions, feelings, and suggestions about your feedback and evaluation methods, and that you listen and respond to them.

5 Adopt a growth mindset

A fourth way to incorporate autonomy and non-maleficence in your feedback and evaluation methods is to adopt a growth mindset, a belief that abilities and skills can be developed through effort and learning. A growth mindset encourages you to view feedback and evaluation as opportunities for improvement, rather than as judgments or criticisms. A growth mindset also motivates you to give feedback and evaluation that are supportive, constructive, and specific, rather than general, negative, or vague.

6 Follow the golden rule

A fifth way to incorporate autonomy and non-maleficence in your feedback and evaluation methods is to follow the golden rule, a universal ethical principle that states: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. The golden rule reminds you to treat others with dignity, respect, and kindness, and to avoid harming or offending them. The golden rule also prompts you to consider how you would feel and react if you were in their position, and to act accordingly.

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?