This study investigates the perceptions of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) students and professional journalists regarding the quality of curriculum and training sessions that they received at the University and afterwards by looking at curriculum, training sessions and practical programmes related to journalism education, as well as the quality of academic staff and trainings for both GCC journalism students and professionals. A survey was administered to a random sample of 369 students at GCC universities and 34 journalists. Based on the analysed data, the study found that journalism education in the GCC regions is interesting and enjoyable, with respondents being found as ambition, talent skills and motivated. More practical rather than theoretical approach is needed to proof the quality of journalism in the region, though a good number of GCC journalists have had a formal academic journalism qualification. GCC journalism education attempts to reflect the developmental trends in the region.

Critique de la raison journalistique. Les transformations de la presse économique en France Liber 384 pages Date de parution 24/09/2004 Disponible en version numérique E-Pub 18.99 € TTC EAN 9782021284294 26.40 € TTC, EAN 9782020679220 Le retour en force du libéralisme et les restructurations du secteur de la presse écrite donnent une actualité nouvelle au problème des relations entre le journalisme et l'économie. Mais les débats sur ce sujet se limitent presque toujours à une question unique : les journalistes peuvent-ils résister aux pouvoirs économiques qui, annonceurs ou actionnaires des médias, ont des moyens de pression directe sur eux ? Ce livre entreprend de montrer qu'il existe une autre manière d'aborder les relations entre «la presse et l'argent». Dans une perspective structurale, les pressions, les manipulations, la mainmise de quelques patrons, auxquelles on s'arrête généralement, sont des manifestations assez secondaires de la subordination du champ journalistique au monde économique. Les arrangements par lesquels des journalistes ménagent l'image de ceux qui les financent font écran à un phénomène beaucoup plus important : la propension croissante des médias à relayer une vision conforme aux principes de l'économie libérale.

This study explores the influence of multi-platform structural newsroom features and individual innovative values on journalistic cross-channel and cross-sectional working procedures. According to results of an online survey of print and online business journalists associated with multi-platform news outlets in the German-speaking area of Switzerland: (1) multi-platform reporting is strongly connected to innovative values of journalists, which in turn (2) changes cross-channel—(3) but not cross-sectional—working procedures. A multi-platform strategy is effective in overcoming procedural inertia, which is essential to maximizing innovative capacities of a news organization.

"Building on a strong tradition of research into how technological convergence is affecting newsrooms and news production practices (Achtenhagen & Raviola, 2009; Deuze, 2008; Domingo, 2008; Erdal, 2011; Schlesinger & Doyle, 2015; Steensen, 2009), Juliane Lischka’s article investigates the extent to which, for business journalists working at German-language newspapers in Switzerland, shifting to a multi-platform approach helps to overcome potentially counter-productive rigidities in work routines and procedures. Lishka’s survey reveals that whereas age and gender have little bearing on the propensity for journalistic staff to be innovative, flexible and collaborative in their approach to work, levels of seniority and, in particular, whether the newsroom has been re-structured are influential factors. She concludes that a converged multi-platform strategy is likely to be helpful in overcoming procedural inertia and promoting innovation." (Doyle, G. (2015). Guest editor’s introduction to the special issue: multi-platform strategies. Journal of Media Business Studies, 12(1), 3–6. doi:10.1080/16522354.2015.1027116, p. 3)

GUERRA, Josenildo Luiz. O percurso interpretativo na produção da notícia. São Cristóvão: Editora UFS; Aracaju: Fundação Oviêdo Teixeira, 2008.
O livro está esgotado. Por isso, disponibilizo versão em PDF.

Dois objetivos básciso são perseguidos neste livro: aproximar a reflexão teórica sobre o jornalismo ao saber prático da profissão e propor conceitos e parâmetros para a avaliação da qualidade dos produtos jornalísticos. Ambos os objetivos são complementares entre sí. A pretensão de unir toeria e prática, se bem encaminhada, produz o autoconhecimento da profissão sobre bases que a experiência demonstrou serem sólidas. A pretensão de qualidade se vale do autoconhecimento para avaliar a experiência quando seus resultados se tornam questionáveis.

The study was set to determine and analyze the factors that affect the growth of tailoring and dressmaking enterprises in Eldoret. The tailoring and dressmaking enterprises studied were appraised with respect to the characteristics of the owner managers and their enterprises. It revealed that most of the tailoring and dressmaking enterprises were in disengagement stage either not growing or having a slight growth. Inadequacy of availability of finances, poor business management skills, poor marketing and entrepreneurial attribute of the owner managers were found to be statistically significant in determining growth of these enterprises. The study recommends that the Government, other business support organizations and stakeholders should team up and develop training programmes aimed at providing management skills to the owner-managers of these enterprises, and help avail financial assistance which could be channeled through SME associations or groups that need to be formed to champi...

뉴스미디어의 디지털 수익 모델은 많은 연구자들의 관심사다. 이 논문에서는 이들 디지털 수익 모델을 소프트웨어 연구의 관점에서 비교했다. 비교 사례로 구 뉴스미디어를 대표하는 뉴욕타임스와 신 뉴스미디어를 대표하는 버즈피드를 선택했다. 사례 선택은 전세계 뉴스미디어 가운데 디지털 전략에서 가장 도드라진 성과를 보이면서도 산업적으로도 성공하고 있다는 평가를 받고 있다는 근거에 기반해 이뤄졌다.
디지털 시대 수익 모델은 소프트웨어 기제에 의해 구성된다. 본 연구는 디지털 수익모델이 소프트웨어의 작동에 의해 구성됐다는 전제에서 출발했다. 기존의 뉴스 콘텐츠 중심의 연구와 달리 본 연구는 수익모델을 구성하는 소프트웨어의 비교를 통해 차이점과 공통점을 추적했다. 소프트웨어 연구가 주 연구대상으로 삼는 데이터의 구조와 알고리즘의 원리를 들춰냄으로써 수익모델의 구조 내부에 자리잡은 이윤 창출의 작동 구조를 확인하기 위함이다.
본 연구는 디지털 시대 뉴스미디어의 수익모델이 보유한 자산을 재희소화하는 방식으로 전개되고 있다는 점을 관찰하고 있다. 정보의 과잉, 미디어의 과잉이 초래한 자산 희소성을 문제를 해결하는 것이 목표다. 이를 위해 디지털 인클로징이라는 일종의 울타리치기 양식이 등장한다. 인쇄매체 등 전통적 자산을 보유한 구 뉴스미디어(뉴욕타임스)와 태생부터 디지털인 신 뉴스미디어(버즈피드)를 비교함으로써, 특히 이들의 수익모델에 관여하는 소프트웨어의 작동방식을 비교함으로써 오늘날 수익모델의 변화에 함의를 도출하는 것이 이 글의 주요한 연구 목적이다.
사례 분석을 통해 두 경우 공히 디지털 수익모델을 구축하기 위해 데이터과학 기술에 기반한 행위추적 소프트웨어를 활용하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 사용자의 행위데이터를 추적하고 이를 전유함으로써 수익을 확대하고 있다는 사실도 볼 수 있었다. 다만, 이윤을 늘리기 위해 울타리치려는(디지털 인클로징) 대상은 차이를 보였다. 뉴욕타임스는 뉴스 콘텐츠를 보호하기 위한 접근의 제한적 접근의 방식을 택한 반면, 버즈피드는 페이스북이나 구글처럼 생산 방식 혹은 과정을 특허화하여 울타리치려는 경향을 보여줬다. 이와 같은 분석 결과는 뉴스미디어가 디지털 수익모델을 구축하는데 있어 전통적인 자산을 바라보는 관점 차이에서 비롯된 것으로 보이며, 이것이 디지털 시대 수익모델 구축에도 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 논문은 결론적으로 동시대 디지털 뉴스 업체들의 디지털 수익모델에 있어서 소프트웨어를 매개한 이윤 기제와 활동의 중요성이 커지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 더불어 해외 수익모델 변화 사례들이 쉽사리 국내에 정착하지 못하는 근거로 디지털 환경변화에 반응한 뉴스 수익모델의 소프트웨어 전문 투자가 미진한 측면이 크다라는 전망을 제시하고 있다.

Al-Tufi is one of the maslahah figures. al-Tufi defines maslahah based on two things, in urf and shar'i, while in urf is a factor that leads to goodness and benefits. Like trading that brings profit. While according to shar'i maslahah is a causal factor that leads to the intention of lawmakers in matters of worship, as well as customs. The rationalization effort based on the spirit of shar'i arguments in its dialectical form delivered Al-Tufi's thoughts towards the re-actualization of Islamic law in the field of muamalah which was more applicable and found a significant momentum. Considering the need for renewal of Islamic law based on a public benefit is more pronounced in this modern era especially in business, with this Al-Tufi method, Sharia business law will be dynamic and progressive again. Is not the Islamic Sharia down to earth intending to achieve human maslahah. Abstrak: Al-Tufi merupakan salah satu tokoh maslahah. al-Tufi mengartikan maslahah berdasarkan dua hal, yaitu urf dan syar'i, sedangkan di urf adalah faktor yang mengarah pada kebaikan dan manfaat. Seperti perdagangan yang mendatangkan keuntungan. Sedangkan menurut syar'i maslahah merupakan faktor penyebab yang mengarah pada niat pembuat undang-undang dalam urusan ibadah, juga adat istiadat. Upaya rasionalisasi yang dilandasi semangat dalil syar'i dalam bentuk dialektiknya menyampaikan pemikiran Al-Tufi menuju realisasi kembali hukum Islam di bidang muamalah yang lebih aplikatif dan menemukan momentum yang signifikan. Mengingat kebutuhan pembaharuan hukum Islam yang berbasis kemaslahatan masyarakat semakin terasa di era modern ini khususnya dalam berbisnis, dengan metode Al-Tufi ini maka hukum bisnis syariah akan dinamis dan progresif kembali. Bukankah Syariah Islam membumi dengan tujuan mencapai maslahah manusia.

Financial Literacy is an incredibly significant aspect of life these days. Post the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, Financial Literacy's purpose and relevancy are more than ever. This paper draws a comparison study between the level of financial Literacy possessed by students belonging to business backgrounds and students from business and media backgrounds. This comparison will help determine the levels of financial Literacy of postgraduate students and their efficacy in managing their day-to-day finances. The study will also draw light on why financial Literacy is very much relevant. The reason media background students have been selected to be compared against business background students is because media and journalism studies involve financial or business journalism, and financial journalism plays a pivotal role in the financial markets.

This study aims to determine How is the contribution, growth, effectivity level of parking retribution towards district own source revenue of Malang Regency in 2010-2014 and how realization of forecasting trends parking fees of Malang Regency in 2015-2019. This type of research is descriptive research with quantitative approach. The datas chosen are secondary datas which are realization and targets of parking retribution in Malang Regency as well as realization and targets district own source revenue of Malang Regency region in 2010-2014 period. The results showed (1) The contribution of parking retribution towards district own source revenue of Malang Regency experiences fluctuation. This is caused by the renewal of regional regulation about policy official announcement of parking costs. (2) The growth of parking retribution experiences fluctuation. This is pursuant to realization of parking retribution which is focused only on the targets achievement without considering the history growth of it in previous years. (3) Effectivity level of parking retribution towards district own source revenue of Malang Regency classified effective. (4) The realization trend forecasting parking fees of Malang Regency in 2015-2019 continues to increase.

This paper analyses the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Zambia. It focuses on two main areas of FDI: This first area looks at the competition effect of Foreign Direct Investment FDI to domestic businesses in the host country, Zambia. The second area looks at how people in general perceive Foreign Direct Investment FDI in Zambia. In order to understand the competition effect of FDI in Zambia, this research study conducted a survey on local business houses to get an understanding of how FDI with respect to foreign businesses has created competition to the detriment of local businesses.

In addition, this research study conducted interviews with various people in Zambia to get their perception of FDI with respect to foreign businesses established in Zambia. The research found that people's perceptions over FDI were more negative than positive.

This research study found that Foreign Direct Investment FDI had both positives and negatives externalities in Zambia. On positive externalities, FDI was found to have helped create employment for local people, facilitated the transfer of technology and innovation as FDI spill-overs to the host country.

However, on negative externalities, the research found that FDI had brought more competition to local businesses in the host country, throwing many out of business. In addition, some local businesses found it difficult to compete due to unfairness created by foreign governments that intervened and supported businesses that came from their countries.

This study reviewed the present situation of the Mabalacat City College (MCC) as an existing organization. It described how the organization operates and manages its everyday activities and how the organization handles and aligns its human resources with their tasks. Similarly, the study determined the different factors that influenced the operation of the organization. Furthermore, the study utilized McKinsey’s 7S Model in analyzing the different organizational elements of the Mabalacat City College. The 64 samples population in this study were obtained from the human resources of MCC and most of them agreed or favored the existence of McKinsey’s 7S organizational elements. The result of the study also showed that at significant level 0.05, the views of the teaching and non-teaching personnel on the 7S of McKinsey revealed no significant differences. However, as regard to the relationship of the 7S most of the elements were strongly correlated or aligned strategically fit (r>0.07). In this study, strategy; shared values; staff; and skills were identified as beneficial or strengths of MCC. All statistical measurements such as frequency, percentage, standard deviation, measurement of central tendency, Pearson r correlation, and t-test were computed and determined through the application of excel formula of Microsoft Excel software version 15.39 (Microsoft Corporation, 2017).

Keywords: Mabalacat City College, Organizational operation, Mckinsey’s 7S Model, SWOT analysis, and Structured interview.

Sosyal medya platformu Twitter son yıllarda
yeni bir habercilik anlayışının ve yeni bir haberci
kavramının ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur.
İnternet gazeteciliği ile daha dinamik ve hızlı yol alan
haberler, sosyal medya ile bu hızını katlamıştır. Web
2,0 teknolojileri ve akıllı telefonların yaygınlaşması
ile beraber artan mobil medya kullanımı sosyal
medya kullanımını da arttırmıştır. Özellikle Twitter
kullanımı mobil ortamda daha da artmıştır. Twitter’ın
mobilleşmesi bilgi ve haber paylaşımını da
hızlandırmıştır. Bireyler yaşadıkları olayları akıllı
telefonları sayesinde anında Twitter aracılığı ile geniş
kitlelere paylaşmaktadır. Bu, Twitter’ın çevresel
haber ortamı olarak yaygınlaşmasını ve bireysel
gazeteciliğinin gelişmesini sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın
amacı Twitter kullanıcılarının sosyal medya
platformunu haber aracı olarak algı ve kullanımına
yönelik bir araştırma yapmaktır. Çalışmanın birinci
bölümünde çevresel haber yayma mecrası olarak
Twitter’ ve bireysel gazetecilik hakkında kavramsal
tarama yapılmıştır. Twitter’ın haber mecrası olarak
kullanımı suskunluk sarmalı perspektifinden ele
alınmış. İkinci bölümde 654 Twitter kullanıcısının
mecrayı kullanım biçimi ve mecrayı haber mecrası
olarak algısı üzerinde bir anket uygulanmıştır.
Araştırmanın sonucunda Twitter’ın çevresel bir haber
mecrası olarak yaygınlaştığını ve bireysel çıkışlı bir
gazetecilik anlayışını geliştirdiğine vurgu yapılmıştır.
Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular Twitter
kullanıcılarının günlük haber ihtiyaçlarını bu
mecradan karşıladığı ve aynı zamanda haber
üretiminde katkıda bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Twitter kullanıcılarının haber ihtiyaçlarını Twitter
aracılığı karşılarken Twitter’da artan haber kirliliğine
vurgu yapmışlardır. Bu durum sosyal medya
platformunun gelecekte bir ‘güven’ sorunu ile karşı
karşıya kalacağını göstermektedir.

Neste livro, Jornalismo e Tecnologias digitais: produção, qualidade e participação, os autores, em sua maioria, ligados ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, procuram explorar os desafios do jornalismo nesse momento “de crise”, a partir de diferentes e inovadoras perspectivas. Ora abordando temas e questões pouco exploradas na literatura da área, ora trazendo novos enfoques sobre assuntos já consolidados na agenda de pesquisa do campo. As relações entre jornalismo e tecnologias digitais, nas diferentes e complementares abordagens trazidas no livro, apresentam o esforço empreendido pelos estudos realizados no âmbito PPGCOM, em seus respectivos grupos de pesquisa. Os trabalhos apresentados procuram explorar questões, problemas e alternativas ainda pouco desenvolvidas no campo, com o intuito de oferecer uma contribuição própria, que caracterize as linhas de investigação conduzidas no programa.

This manual informs readers of 101 ways that globalists aim to depopulate and enslave humanity. This open-access book constructs an original D-Day Apex Diagram that uses structure and purpose to show how the Deep State pursues a dark agenda in a methodical way. The core aim of this book seeks to promote critical-thinking. There is no expectation that the audience will agree with any conclusions put forward in this book. May readers use their critical-thinking and reasoning skills to determine to what extent, if any, they agree with the thesis put forward in this public access publication.

The University of Sydney features in a case study on page 64. The University of Sydney is the global public face of the IELTS human trafficking modern day slavery extortion racket. The University of Sydney receives easy cash payments to prostitute its architecture to IELTS's public relations propaganda arm. The University of Sydney is a classic example of fading universities that prostitute their brand name to earn fast easy profits from fake research and global fraud.

The author of this open-access work earned his Masters and Doctorate at the University of Sydney and worked as a tutor, lecturer and examiner at this corrupt, racist diploma mill between 2007 and 2014.

In a sharp sight, the present business world is continually depending on the e-business (electric business) in creating a nation like Bangladesh in light of the fact that the underline moto of creating nation is to digitalized everyday exercises of human life. For making e-business sector more relevant, effective and hazards consuming web GIS (geographical information system) will work as a crucial part. In the context of e-business, this present research work penetrates the usage of Web GIS to disseminate maximum level of information to the customers, at the same time allowing the companies to visualize where their potential customers are located by analyzing geographic, demographic, economic, psychographic, market characteristics for the right customer just on a click. For making the research work more focused and informative our analyzing area will be B2C (business to customer) based websites and consumer preferences. It discusses how this modern GIT system is used for collecting and analyzing the business information and effectively contributing to the business decision-making process. Thus, this technology provides technical support for strategic planning, supply chain management, online marketing techniques, improving efficiency and attaining competitive advantage for the business organizations. This paper will be helpful to understand the collaborative relationship with web GIS and e-business and will draw an informative line for further research work.

Keywords: E-business; Web GIS; B2C; GIT system; Collaborative relation.

The report has been generated after the consultation from the managers of ABC Company who is the franchisees of McDonald's in London. The ABC Company employs a large number of ground level staff from the immigrant community mainly from the Asian and African countries. But most of the supervisors and higher-level managers of the McDonald's franchisee are from the United Kingdom and there have been difficulties in managing, motivating and developing the employee satisfaction at their stores. The analysis is conducted based on the cultural differences between the individuals of the United Kingdom and the individuals from the Asian and African countries (taking India as a reference). It has been analysed that due to the differences in the cultural dimensions developed by Hofstede such as the power distance index, individualism and long-term orientation between the supervisors and the employees (who are from the United Kingdom and Asian and African countries respectively) contribute to the difficulties in the management. The solution to the problem is an increased awareness about the expectations and the perceptions of the two groups of employees. The recommendation is that cross-cultural training be provided initially to the supervisors in a broad-based manner so that they are able to manage their employees from the different social and cultural backgrounds. Further training can be provided to the employees from the Asian and African cultures so that they are aware of the expectations from the supervisors and management. This can contribute to better service quality at the stores and increased customer satisfaction.

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Information is power and the most critically sought commodity in today’s world. Those that control the information are usually seemed to be the most powerful in our contemporary society. Therefore, for the past thirty years, there has been a controversy resulting from accusation and counter accusation of imbalance flow of information from the west to south. The purported victims which are the developing nations have been raging bitterly over the news coverage of events in their continent and have denounced western newspapers, journals, and television outlets for their alleged sensationalism and anti-development bias (Legum & Cornwell, 1978). Due to this controversy, on several accounts, developing nations have attempted to engage the western nations through different channels to address the issue of global information inequality. One that may readily come to mind is the UNESCO meetings in 1969 (Sean , Elie, Sergei , & Somavia, 1980), 1974 (Mowlana, 1985), 1976 (Bandopadhyay, 2006) and 1980 (Tokunbo, 2000) consecutively, where the UNESCO group of experts on mass communication and society noted in its disturbing but revealing report that: What has come to be known as the free flow of information at the present time is often in fact a one way rather than a true exchange of information.

In retaliation, western world has equally charged the developing world of seeking to obstruct the free flow of information and insist to make no change in the information flow which they regard as a threat to the freedom to report, to print, and to broadcast news (Legum & Cornwell, 1978). This charge and counter-charge is far from abating and in fact is gathering momentum as it persists in many developing countries as they are well aware of the value of information in speeding material development and in maintaining power. In this paper however, the author will be discussing the developing world perception of new world information order, seeking to find what changes they expect from it. The essay will also attempt to identify the positions taken by these disputants by closely looking at the exchange of charges and counter-charges between those demanding balance in the news and those demanding journalistic freedom. And finally we will explore the issues underlying the dispute and attempt to proffer solutions where necessary.

There is now general agreement in the US that the traditional model for American journalism—the advertising-dependent newspaper—is increasingly unsustainable. But beyond that basic observation consensus falls apart. There is little agreement over what new model, if any, will replace the old. Debate continues over the severity of the crisis and what can be done about it. And, more specifically, there are stark differences over what the role of the state should be vis-à-vis the journalism crisis. Resolving these differences is beyond the scope of this chapter, but using the American journalism crisis as its primary case study, the following essay assesses the structural transformation of the press and its implications for democratic society. In seeking a sustainable future for journalism, the chapter concludes with policy recommendations aimed at salvaging public media from systemic market failure.

Information dissemination is very paramount in any developing activity. When a skilled person transfers what he knows to other people, through communication, the willing recipients of that information will more likely become knowledgeable as well. When the recipients of the information are not willing to take in the information and use it accordingly, they are likely not to be changed by the new information. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of community radio in sustainable rural development using Dzimwe and Nkhotakota Community radio stations as cases. Using the principles of community radio that enhance development because the community is able to share important information and work out solutions to their problems as a community using the radio, the study evaluated the extent to which the two radio stations apply the principles in their broadcasting. The study put forward three phases of community radio namely, consciousness-raising; radio discussion, and issue resolution. In addition, some important tenets of community radio were also discussed with the respondents to assess the extent to which they believed in them. It has been shown through literature and other studies that community radio has more impact in the development of a community when it abides by the principles of community radio, and operates on its tenets. The study involved journalists, board members, government agents, NGO representatives, and traditional or local leaders in Nkhotakota and Monkey Bay where Nkhotakota and Dzimwe community radio stations are respectively located. The results have shown that the radios do a great deal of consciousness-raising. The overall rating is that there is a lot of room for improvement because they need to focus more on the community itself, than on things that happen in the whole country as the case was during the time of the study. It has been found that both radio stations are not doing many debates. This needs to change if the radios are to make any impact because the debate is the main ingredient of a community radio since it allows members of the community to exchange ideas and make their views known on various issues. Due to lack of this debate, issue resolution does not even start.
There ere mixed feelings and reactions about the tenets of community radio. It was discovered that not many respondents had even heard about these tenets.
The study, therefore, concluded that the radio stations did not have any impact on sustainable development of their areas. The study has gone on to recommend measures which need to be applied so that the stations can play their rightful role in the sustainable development of Nkhotakota and Monkey Bay.

The Business Model Canvas is a strategic management and lean start-up template can be used as aid for developing a new, or analyzing and mapping an existing business model of a company. It is a visual chart with elements describing a firm or product's value proposition, infrastructure, customers, and finances. It assists firms in aligning their activities by illustrating potential trade-offs. It gives a graphic representation of a number of variables that show the values of the organisation.

A business model is a description of how your business intends to operate and make money. Sounds simple, RIGHT?

DESEMBER 2013 i ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN PADA PT TOKO GUNUNG AGUNG TBK Disusun untuk memenuhi syarat memeroleh Nilai Big Quiz I dan Big Quiz II Mata Kuliah Manajemen Keuangan SHYEN RIESCA POERNOMO 121210046 PROGRAM STUDI AKUNTANSI FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS MA CHUNG MALANG DESEMBER 2013 ii KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena atas berkat dan rahmat-Nya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian laporan keuangan yang merupakan salah satu syarat yang digunakan untuk memenuhi tugas Big Quiz I dan Big Quiz II Mata Kuliah Manajemen Keuangan Universitas Ma Chung. Penulis menyadari dalam penulisan laporan penelitian ini tidak terlepas dari bantuan pihak lain. Oleh karena itu, penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada: 1. Ibu Leenawaty Limantara, M.Sc., Ph.D., selaku Rektor Universitas Ma

Bangladesh, sebuah negara berkembang di Asia Selatan yang dikenal karena berbagai dinamika. Baik dinamika ekononomi maupun politiknya. Menarik untuk diteliti bagaimana sistem politik dan dinamika politik di Bangladesh? Bagaimana pula Bangladesh mengatur ekonominya? Sistem politik dan ekonomi  tentu berpengaruh pada sistem pers yang dianut, lalu sistem pers apa yang dianut Bangladesh? Bagaimana dinamika pers di negara Bangladesh?

Advertising is currently the main source of income for digital media. The crusade by big media organizations to establish pay walls, in various forms, is not inconsistent with the fact that digital advertising is the main source of income for media outlets in the virtual environment. For media organizations it is useful to know the typology of digital advertising. This improves business strategies, including those that combine digital and paper versions. The Research Group on Digital Journalism and Broadband has conducted an empirical study of the Spanish digital journals, based on the digital versions of the mass-readership newspapers, El Mundo and El País. We found a high
number of advertisements, the predominant forms being banners and box ads.

Con el título Oportunidades y riesgos del periodismo hiperconectado, la XXV edición del Congreso Internacional SEP, celebrada en Bilbao (Bizkaia Aretoa, UPV/EHU, 30-31 de mayo de 2019) ha buscado ofrecer un foro especializado para que profesionales en activo, investigadores y formadores aúnen sus visiones expertas sobre las posibilidades de mejora continua del Periodismo en un contexto de hiperconexiones múltiples sentido por muchos como disruptivo.

El Periodismo depende hoy de multiplicidad de voces y parámetros de comportamiento
(fake news, influencers, etc.) que le obligan a mantener un alto grado de alerta; al mismo tiempo, representa un ámbito de negocio a la expectativa ante las continuas oportunidades que la innovación tecnológica ofrece para conectar con las audiencias y sus necesidades.

Todo ello influye y pone en riesgo las actitudes y el compromiso que los periodistas muestran diariamente ante la realidad a través de sus procesos decisivos de selección temática y mediación. Fomentar una revisión crítica de estas claves ha sido el objetivo principal de este encuentro internacional anual y de referencia organizado por la Sociedad Española de Periodística, encargada desde su nacimiento del estudio y la promoción de la profesión periodística, su evolución y valores.

Drawing on data collected at the economics newsdesk of De Standaard, a quality newspaper in Belgium, this book examines the situated practices of print journalists in their roles as knowledge mediators and creators. How do reporters make sense of the various sources, narratives and frames around them and channel these into one final news story? What is the journalist’s role in the representation of events? How are news articles negotiated between reporters, editors and sources? How do technologies of production mediate the news process? Crucially, what does the journalist actually do while writing?

The first part of this book outlines a theoretical and methodological framework for a linguistic ethnographic approach to news production and describes the fieldwork procedures for collecting data. In the second part, the book presents four empirical chapters that analyze journalism as a field of production, then as materiality, next as literacy and finally as opacity. The third part addresses the ‘So what?’ question by reflecting on the validity, reliability and generalizability of this study from the perspective of linguistic ethnography.

Since 2009, Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) has used the term "the mafia of power" to critize and villify a perceived alliance of business and political elites in Mexico, dominant since the era of President Carlos Salinas (1988-94). This paper explores three aspects of the “mafia of power”: the evolution of the term in AMLO's rhetoric, the potency of the term as a persuasive device, and the malleability of the rhetorical conception of “mafia” as AMLO transitioned from candidate to president in 2017-18.

Since 1960, when Nigeria got its political independence Nigerians have always been ‘dis’united along socio-cultural and political identity divides. This creates a fertile ground for the propagation of hate speech and disinformation. In recent years, the political atmosphere in the country has transformed swiftly, ushering in new happenings and constraints to the country’s growing democracy. These new developments and challenges revolve around the electorate’s constant accessing inaccurate and misleading content online. As the constitutional watchdogs of the society, journalists are invested with the duty of cleansing the democratic atmosphere of the filths of
disinformation and hate messages to preserve the peace and rule of law in the land. Fact-checking is one of the most effective techniques recommended for verifying fake information and even hate messages in the post-truth era. However, as people’s use of technology to pollute the democratic process with fake information and hurtful comments is increasingly becoming sophisticated with corresponding sophistication of technology, fact-checking techniques and tools should be more theoretically driven. To help the news media industry and journalists achieve the goals of ensuring ethical journalism practice capable of contributing toward the stability and sustenance of democratic processes in the country, this paper proposes the Journalism Model of Disinformation and Hate Speech Propagation. Critical reviews of extant literature were performed after series of searches on
Google and Google Scholar for published works focusing on fake news and hate speech in a
Nigerian political context using the following keywords: fake news, hate speech, post-truth, fake news in Nigeria, hate speech in Nigeria, fake news and Nigerian democracy, fake news and hate speech in Nigeria, Nigerian democratic process and fake news and hate speech, social identity in Nigeria, cultural identity in Nigeria, political identity in Nigeria, Nigerian journalists and fact-checking, as well as impact of fake news and hate speech in Nigerian democracy. A total of 119 published works was selected for the review with as many as 71 others discarded for irrelevance. A combination of conference papers, reviews and research studies mainly on a Nigerian context constituted 46%, e-books and institutional survey reports constituted 38% while a combination of online newspapers and other online sources constituted 16%. Using content coding, categorisation and comparison methods, themes were identified, abstracted and defined into constructs. The findings yielded eight parameters: (i) disinformation and hate actors, (ii) disinformation and hate message, (iii) mediation of disinformation and hate message (moderated by political influence), (iv) victims of disinformation and hate, (v) degeneration of disinformation and hate messages into an alternative fact circumstance (moderated by time-period), (vi) degeneration of alternative fact into a post-truth and post affection era (moderated by time-period), ultimately (vii) degeneration of a post-truth and post affection era into a post-democracy or neo-authoritarian era (moderated by time-period) and (viii) feedback or reaction (the consequences of disinformation and hate messages on the polity). Recommendations for theoretical and policy development are offered at the end.

Abstract: Conflict occurs between people in all kinds of human relationship and in all social settings.
Because of the wide range of potential differences among people, the absence of conflict usually signals
the absence of meaning full interaction. However, the manner in which conflict is handled determines
whether it is constrictive or destructive. The objective of this study is to examine customary conflict
management system of Oromo and Afar societies in the study area. By using both primary and
secondary source of data the study was conducted on three kebeles of purposively selected according to
the extent of damage occurred recurrently. The informative interviews conducted using Peasant Rural
Associations or (PRA) tools ranking and rating, oral history analysis and time line and trends analysis
was conducted to gain an understanding of local people’s views on conflict, the perceived drivers
behind these conflicts and traditional mechanism of conflict resolution in the area. The cause of
conflicts obtained at the study areas are competition for new land use, searching of wet grass land for
pasture and water resources. Not only these, the distribution of forests for consumption and charcoal
making for market. The customary institutions of the local areas are the religious leaders, clan leaders,
abagars and aba-agaa and the famous elders in addition to kebele peace committee. In this area the
issue of conflict may be evitable by water development resource office. This office will take the action
at boundary needs of building of water resources infrastructure, agricultural development office; take
actions of developing new lands by modern irrigations access around the area for equal beneficiaries
of the two communities. Office of security can take an action of strengthen of security around the area
to protect the illegal commercial weapons, delivering of awareness about the securing the area such as
protecting of deforestation, illegal commercial weapons, illegal farming land.
Keywords: Conflict, Tradition, Conflict Management, Conflict Resolution & Elders.

In 2011, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s current affairs program Four Corners televised an exposé of the treatment of Australian cattle in Indonesian abattoirs. The program prompted the immediate suspension of the Australian live cattle trade to Indonesia. It was another incident in the history of Indonesian-Australian relations involving the Australian media and government action since Indonesia’s independence in 1945. This paper looks at the history of Australian media reporting and how it affects business with Indonesia. It examines the extent to which reporting in the Australian press impacts the perceptions of business people pursuing commercial relationships in Indonesia, focusing on Western Australia. It analyses interviews with prominent Western Australian business executives with a vested interest in Indonesia and identifies key issues hindering closer economic ties between the two countries. Issues identified include negative reporting in the Australian media, the effect of nation branding and the perpetuation of stereotypes in news judgement in Australian newsrooms.

" The Influence of Inflation, Rupiah Exchange Rates, External Debt, and Export in Foreign Exchange Reserves Indonesia ". The main purpose this research is to measure the significant level of Inflation, Rupiah Exchange Rates, External Debt, and Export on Foreign Exchange Reserve both Partially or Simoultanously. This reserach used Ordinary Least Square for the monthly data period of 2009-2014 (January-December) years by using time series data. Data analysis technique that was used in this research was the multiple regression tests with the test of classic assumption (Normality, Multicollinearity, Heteroscedasticity, and Autocorrelation) and Statistic test (t tes, f test and coefficient determination. The independent variable is Inflation, Rupiah Exchange Rate, External Debt, and Export while the dependent variable is Foreign Exchange Reserves. Based on the analysis, the researcher found simoultanously that Inflation, Rupiah Exchange Rates, External Debt and Export have significant effect to the Foreign Exchange Reserves. Partially, inflation did not give significant effect to the Foreign Exchange Reserves while Rupiah Exchange Rates, External Debt and Export have significant effect for Foreign Exchange Reserves. Result of coefficient determination analysis shown that R 2 was (0.912565) which means Foreign Exchange Reserves can be explained by Inflation, Rupiah Exchange Rates, External Debt, and Export (91.25%) while the rest 8.75%) can be explained by other variables which did not include to the variables of this research.

The article examines the problem of parallel media realities that are created by the different types of media. Analyzed mostly are the print and online business publications, which are compared with the tabloids. Based on the visual turn as the central concept of the humanities in the last decade, the problem is analyzed in the context of the increased role of visual codes against verbal and changed relationships between verbal and visual in the multimodal communications. The article focuses on the existence of media realities as incomplete set of fragments of real life not only at a verbal but also at a visual level, while at the same time the differentiated approaches by the various media outlets are examined in the construction of these realities. The analysis centers around the bi-directionality of the process in which the media does not simply refl ect on the reality but alters it permanently which results in the media images of the products and their ideas being embedded inevitably in the minds of the audience. In the context of understanding that what is perceived as real depends on how reality is defi ned in the particular social group, graphic design is analyzed as a discursive tool for creating myths. Furthermore, few of the strategies used by the business media are examined for validation of their worldview. Among those main strategies are the creating of sustainable visual image of the world as well as the usage of subconscious emotional transfers between the visual images and media products.

Keywords: business media, graphic design, audience and readership, visual culture, media construction of reality, media discourse