This study aimed to investigate "Faith" and "Meaning/Peace" dimensions of the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-spiritual well-being scale (FACIT-Sp-12) in relation to coping strategies, anxiety and depression, and to analyze the relationship between FACIT-Sp-12 and the daily spiritual experience scale in endof-life cancer patients. A sample of 152 participants were involved. The daily spiritual experiences correlated the most with "Faith" subscale. Moreover, religious coping, depression and daily spiritual experiences resulted "Faith" significant predictors, while depression, anxiety, self-distraction, positive reframing and behavioral disengagement were "Meaning/Peace" subscale's significant predictors. These findings highlighted the considerable impact of the daily spiritual experiences on patients' spiritual well-being.

The presence of psychological distress has a negative impact not only on cancer patients' quality of life but also on the course of the disease, with slower recovery and increased morbidity. These issues are of particular importance in melanoma patients (MP), who remain at risk of disease progression for many years after diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate psychological distress, coping strategies, and their possible relationships with demographic-clinical features in patients with early-stage melanoma in follow-up. The investigation focused in particular on whether the psychological profile differed between patients at different melanoma stages. Data of 118 patients with melanoma in the Tis-Ia stages (MP_Tis-Ia) and 86 patients with melanoma in the Ib-IIa-IIb stages (MP_Ib-II) were gathered through a self-administered survey and compared using a cross-sectional design. The results evidenced a high percentage of anxiety (25%) and distress symptoms (44%), whereas depressiv...

This research aimed to find out the level of students’ speaking anxiety students in English class and the most dominant factors that caused students’ speaking anxiety faced by the third grade students of Junior High School in SMPN 15 Bengkulu in English Classroom. This research used descriptive quantitative design with questionnaire as the instrument. The questionnaire of this research was Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) proposed by Horwitz et al. (1983). The data has been analyzed by using SPSS program. The population of this research was the third grade students in SMPN 15 Bengkulu. The total is 7 classes: class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E, Class F, and Class G. The total number of population is 163 students. From 7 classes, the researcher decided to take only 20% of student each. The result of this research showed that the majority of the students of the third-grade were Mildly Anxious level and the most dominant factors causing the student speaking anx...

The lifestyle unleashes biological processes that lead the body to a mixed exhaustion, leading to a state called "stress", getting sick or aggravating pathologies. The aim of this study is to analyze the emotional stress on the immune system and to develop a comprehensive concept that allows for fewer erroneous ramifications in its approach. This is a literature review based on articles in Immunology taken from the PubMed database. Articles that related the stressor problem with the immunopathogenic etiology, published between 2021 and 2022 (until March 16, 2022) and searched with the truncated terms "stress immunology", "stress physiology" and "stress psychology" were selected. We evidenced that emotional stress is multifaceted, changes according to the nature of the stimulus, can be benign or deleterious and can affect populations of TCDs, which start to carry "scars" that make them hyper-responsive to inflammatory activities in stem cells, B and NK cells. Molecules such as mTOR and PI3K, which expose APCs viral agents, lead to the paucity of the process. In a situation contrary to stress, the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α tend to balance, improving coping with noxa. Stress can aggravate numerous conditions in biological systems. However, "positive" stress is responsible for learning, making the allostatic process less expensive. The cognitive condition and the stressful nature can influence better responsiveness and learning. We found that negative stress that raises glucocorticoid levels is cognitive-dependent, predicting the worsening of chronic pathologies or producing sequelae. Finally, we conclude that stress is all exogenous cause and effect that physiologically are neuroimmunoendocrine triggers of cognitivedependent response, which allostatically lead the system to homeostasis by nature regardless of the cause of its damage, be it benign and/or deleterious, in the acute form of bioinformational character and in the immunopathogenic chronic form.

Anxious individuals tend to show a negative affective bias in attention that likely reflects reduced executive control, a cognitive function associated with the inferior frontal cortex (IFC), particularly its posterior segment, pars opercularis. Here, we investigated the relations among gray matter volume in the pars opercularis of IFC, trait anxiety, and negative biases in attention, in healthy participants. Sixty-two adults underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging scanning, completed a trait anxiety measure, and performed an Affective Go/No-Go (AGN) task. IFC volumes were extracted using Freesurfer, and negative bias scores were calculated from AGN performance. Trait anxiety correlated negatively with left IFC volume, and positively with the negative bias in reaction time. Furthermore, trait anxiety mediated the negative relation between the IFC volume and the negative bias measure. Overall, the present findings extend previous understanding of the IFC involvement in anxiety at the structural level, and may inform the development of intervention programs targeting anxiety.

Clarifying individual differences that predict resilience or vulnerability to emotional distress is crucial for identifying etiological factors contributing to affective disturbances, and to promoting emotional well-being. Despite recent progress identifying specific brain regions and personality traits, it remains unclear whether there are common factors underlying the structural aspects of the brain and the personality traits that, in turn, protect against symptoms of emotional distress. In the present study, an integrative structural equation model was developed to examine the associations among (1) a latent construct ofControl, representing the volumes of a system of prefrontal cortical (PFC) regions including middle, inferior, and orbital frontal cortices; (2) a latent construct ofResiliencepersonality traits including cognitive reappraisal, positive affectivity, and optimism; and (3)AnxietyandDepressionsymptoms, in a sample of 85 healthy young adults. Results showed that the l...

Volume reductions in the amygdala (AMY) have been found in patients with anxiety disorders, but findings are mixed in subclinical participants with high trait anxiety scores, in whom both reductions and increases in AMY volume have been identified. One potential reason for such discrepancies could be the employment of different methods to determine the AMY volume (i.e., manual tracing in psychiatric research vs. automated methods), in non-patient research. In addition to trait anxiety, smaller AMY volume has also been linked to neuroticism, a personality trait consistently linked to increased vulnerability to anxiety. However, it is not clear how AMY volume and neuroticism together may contribute to anxiety symptoms in healthy functioning. These issues were investigated in a sample of 46 healthy participants who underwent anatomical MRI scanning and completed questionnaires measuring trait anxiety and neuroticism. AMY volume was assessed using manual tracing, based on anatomical lan...

Anxious individuals tend to show a negative affective bias in attention that likely reflects reduced executive control, a cognitive function associated with the inferior frontal cortex (IFC), particularly its posterior segment, pars opercularis. Here, we investigated the relations among gray matter volume in the pars opercularis of IFC, trait anxiety, and negative biases in attention, in healthy participants. Sixty-two adults underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging scanning, completed a trait anxiety measure, and performed an Affective Go/No-Go (AGN) task. IFC volumes were extracted using Freesurfer, and negative bias scores were calculated from AGN performance. Trait anxiety correlated negatively with left IFC volume, and positively with the negative bias in reaction time. Furthermore, trait anxiety mediated the negative relation between the IFC volume and the negative bias measure. Overall, the present findings extend previous understanding of the IFC involvement in anxiet...

Converging evidence identifies trait optimism and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as personality and brain factors influencing anxiety, but the nature of their relationships remains unclear. Here, the mechanisms underlying the protective role of trait optimism and of increased OFC volume against symptoms of anxiety were investigated in 61 healthy subjects, who completed measures of trait optimism and anxiety, and underwent structural scanning using magnetic resonance imaging. First, the OFC gray matter volume was associated with increased optimism, which in turn was associated with reduced anxiety. Second, trait optimism mediated the relation between the left OFC volume and anxiety, thus demonstrating that increased gray matter volume in this brain region protects against symptoms of anxiety through increased optimism. These results provide novel evidence about the brain-personality mechanisms protecting against anxiety symptoms in healthy functioning, and identify potential targets ...

Building upon the existing literature on emotional memory, the present review examines emerging evidence from brain imaging investigations regarding four research directions: (1) Social Emotional Memory, (2) The Role of Emotion Regulation in the Impact of Emotion on Memory, (3) The Impact of Emotion on Associative or Relational Memory, and (4) The Role of Individual Differences in Emotional Memory. Across these four domains, available evidence demonstrates that emotion- and memory-related medial temporal lobe brain regions (amygdala and hippocampus, respectively), together with prefrontal cortical regions, play a pivotal role during both encoding and retrieval of emotional episodic memories. This evidence sheds light on the neural mechanisms of emotional memories in healthy functioning, and has important implications for understanding clinical conditions that are associated with negative affective biases in encoding and retrieving emotional memories.

Vaccination plays a crucial role in controlling the rate of coronavirus transmission and infectivity. Healthcare professionals are, in fact, at the greatest risk of contracting coronavirus due to their proximity and prolonged exposure to infected patients; this certitude alone enhances the stress and anxiety among patients and professionals alike. In this study, we aimed to assess the levels of anxiety experienced by healthcare professionals in their practices before and after getting vaccinated. This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2021. An electronic survey was distributed among the non-vaccinated and vaccinated healthcare workers. The survey consisted of the following parts: demographic characteristics, coronavirus-related questions, questions related to the specific field of healthcare professions, general anxiety questions, and working-hour-related questions. The Modified General Anxiety Scale (GAD-7) was used along with the paired t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Spea...

BackgroundAnemia is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency globally, affecting about a quarter of the world population. In Brazil, about one-fifth of children under five years of age are anemic. Previous case studies indicate prevalence rates much higher among indigenous peoples in the Country. The First National Survey of Indigenous People’s Health and Nutrition in Brazil, conducted in 2008–2009, was the first survey based on a nationwide representative sample to study the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among indigenous children in Brazil.MethodsThe survey assessed the health and nutritional status of indigenous children < 5 years of age based on a representative sample of major Brazilian geopolitical regions. A stratified probabilistic sampling was carried out for indigenous villages. Within villages, children < 5 years of age in sampled households were included in the study. Prevalence rates of anemia were calculated for independent variables and hierarchica...

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the attitudes and concerns of higher learning students made an impact on their performance in the fundamental concepts of the statistics course. Despite being classified as one of the important areas of scientific, industrial, or social problems, students generally perceive statistics as a challenging course to understand.  This negative perception leads to a set of complex emotional reactions that may cause great discomfort, resulting in negative consequences, such as anxiety. A sample of 248 UiTM Pahang Branch students, enrolled in a basic statistics course, was randomly selected using a stratified sampling technique. This study employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method to assess the linear relationship model between students' attitudes and concerns, and their performance in statistics examinations. The findings indicated that both students' attitudes and concerns showed a significant negative influence on their per...

Few studies have reported on interventions to alleviate financial toxicity in patients with cancer. We developed a financial navigation program in collaboration with our partners, Consumer Education and Training Services (CENTS) and Patient Advocate Foundation (PAF), to improve patient knowledge about treatment costs, provide financial counseling, and to help manage out-of-pocket expenses. We conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility and impact of this program. Patients with cancer received a financial education course followed by monthly contact with a CENTS financial counselor and a PAF case manager for 6 months. We measured program adherence, self-reported financial burden and anxiety, program satisfaction, and type of assistance provided. Thirty-four patients (median age, 60.5 years) were consented (85% white and 50% commercially insured). Debt, income declines, and loans were reported by 55%, 55%, and 30% of patients, respectively. CENTS counselors assisted most often w...

Sports participation in adolescents may increase social self-efficacy and decrease social anxiety with time. Understanding the correlation between social self-efficacy and social anxiety may be useful for developing effective interventions for adolescents with social anxiety. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between social self-efficacy and social anxiety in athlete and non-athlete adolescents through some variables. A moderate negative correlation was determined between the participants' social self-efficacy and social anxiety levels. It was seen that social self-efficacy and social anxiety levels did not differ statistically according to gender variable. According to the age variable, it was determined that the social self-efficacy level of 16-year-old participants was higher than 15-year-old participants. According to the athletic variable of the study, it was determined that the social self-efficacy level of athlete participants was higher than non-athletes. In the study, it was determined that social anxiety levels did not differ statistically according to athletic status. As a result, it can be said that high social self-efficacy decreases the level of social anxiety in adolescents. Social self-efficacy and social anxiety levels of adolescents do not vary according to gender. While 16 years old participants had higher social self-efficacy than 15 years old participants, their social anxiety levels did not differ according to 15 and 16 years of age. Social self-efficacy of athlete adolescents is higher than nonathletes. In addition, it can be said that there is no statistically significant correlation between participation to sport and social anxiety in adolescents.

Few studies have examined parent and family adaptation in the early period following the end of childhood cancer treatment. We examined parent adjustment at the end of their child's treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Parents of childhood cancer survivors (CCS), who were 3-months post-ALL treatment, and parents of typically-developing children completed measures of psychological and family functioning. Parents of CCS also completed distress and posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) questionnaires related to their child's cancer experience. 129 parents were recruited: 77 parents of CCS and 52 comparison parents. Overall mean psychological symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress and family functioning were within normal limits for both groups. Parents of CCS endorsed higher scores for stress, depression and family problems, however, mean scores for emotional distress were low for both groups, in particular the comparison group. Parents of CCS endorsed low rates of PTSS. 51% of parents of CCS scored above the distress thermometer (DT-P) clinical cut off (>4), with items elevated across all 6 DT-P domains. However, most parents did not indicate a wish to speak to a health professional about their symptoms. Specialist psychosocial intervention may be indicated for only a subset of parents at the end of treatment. As per psychosocial standards of care, effective screening at this timepoint is warranted. Further examination of appropriate timing of psychosocial information and supports services that are tailored to parents' circumstances is needed. Ehealth approaches may be appropriate.

The purpose of present research is to analyze academic success and dominant learning styles and trait anxiety states of Primary Education prospective mathematics teachers. The data have been collected from 168 students enrolled in Erzincan University, Faculty of Education, Primary Education Mathematics Teaching Department. Kolb Learning Style Inventory and Trait Anxiety Inventory have been employed as measurement tools. To answer research questions, besides descriptive statistics, Kruskal Wallis Test, Mann Whitney U Test and simple linear regression analysis techniques have also been employed. Obtained results have proved that dominant learning styles of Primary Education prospective mathematics teachers are mostly converger and assimilator learning styles; states of their academic success vary with respect to their learning styles; trait anxiety levels are not meaningful predictors of their academic success and the level of trait anxiety state does not change with respect to their learning style.

Objective: to assess hormonal and metabolic parameters and psychological status of young men with obesity. Methods: The study included 60 men with obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2) divided in two groups. Patients in the first group (n=30) received orlistat for 12 weeks (120 mg 3 times daily with meal). Patients in second group (n=30) followed hypocaloric diet and aerobic exercise. All patients were examined before treatment and after 12 weeks. Evaluation included hormonal and biochemical analyses, 48 patients were examined by psychological questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire). Results: Patients that received orlistat treatment showed significant decrease of body mass: 50% of patients had decrease more than 5%, 30% of patients - more than 10% (p

Background: Psychiatric co-occurring disorders among individuals with opioid use disorder has primarily focused on epidemiological surveys of patients in continuous or long-term treatment, yet little is known about the socio-economically vulnerable who are non-treatment seeking prior to an emergency response. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who had enrolled in a study involving home outreach to patients referred from police, emergency medical services (EMS), or hospital emergency departments following an emergency response. The sample is largely socio-economically vulnerable with high rates of unemployment and uninsured. Eligible consenting patients received an intervention consisting of medication (buprenorphine), behavioral counseling, and peer support. Participants completed semi-structured, psychological instruments to assess current and prior history for both substance use and mental health disorders. We used descriptive statistics to evaluate rates of c...

Hikikomori is a term used to define a condition in which affected individuals withdraw from society, shutting themselves off from social interactions and, frequently, from public spaces in general (Ranieri & Luccherino, 2018). This condition is characterized by an extreme and enduring form of isolation and is often associated with low self-esteem, and, as a consequence, predisposing to further avoidance behaviors. It has been suggested that hikikomori may develop as a form of protection from what is perceived as a threatening society. In fact, the world in which young people currently grow up has been defined as “hyper-complex and uncertain” and full of potential threats for their sense of self

Background and Aim. The chronicity of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the demanding nature of care needed to maintain adequate glycemic control expose adolescents with T1D to various psychosocial disorders including depression. We aimed to study the frequency and risk factors of depressive symptoms in adolescents with T1D in Jordan. Methods. The study was conducted by distributing the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) to adolescents with T1D seen at Jordan University Hospital between February 2019 and February 2020. Demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic data were collected using electronic clinical charts. Possible predictors of depression were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results. A total of 108 children were enrolled in the study with mean age of 13:7 ± 2:3 years. Fifty-eight children (53.7%) had a CES depression score less than 15, and 50 children (46.3%) had a depression score of 15 or more. The number of diabetesrelated hospital admissions and the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) were significantly different between the two groups. In the multivariable analysis, both gender and SMBG frequency were statistically significant. Girls were more likely to have a depression score ≥ 15 (OR = 3:41, p = 0:025) than boys. Patients who were rarely testing blood glucose levels were more likely to have a depression score ≥ 15 compared to those who were testing regularly (OR = 36:57, p = 0:002). Conclusion. The prevalence of depressive symptoms is relatively high in adolescents with T1D, especially in those living in developing countries. Longer diabetes duration, higher glycated hemoglobin level, and less frequent blood glucose monitoring are associated with higher depression scores.

Background: The worldwide prevalence of anxiety in older adults is estimated at between 6 and 10%. In Canada, adults 65 and older experience anxiety at a rate of 6.4%, affecting more than 300,000 people. Anxiety in older adults has been linked to difficulties retaining new information and engaging in instrumental daily activities of living. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, novel methods of delivering therapy programs remotely are needed; however, data is limited. There is some evidence that older adults prefer non-pharmacological approaches for anxiety that can be delivered in the community. Emotion-focused mindfulness therapy (EFMT) is a mindfulness-based intervention that emphasizes meditation and observing thoughts and emotions as they arise. This emphasis has been demonstrated to reduce symptoms of anxiety in general populations. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of EFMT with older adults. Methods: This pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial will use a wait list control trial design. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, we will use telehealth delivery via Zoom rather than in-person delivery. The first 48 people to meet the eligibility criteria will be randomly allocated to either receive EFMT immediately, or in approximately 8 weeks time from enrollment (1:1 allocation ratio). Data will be collected at baseline, 8 weeks following baseline, and 16 weeks following baseline. The primary outcomes will determine the feasibility of the intervention based on recruitment, enrolment, retention, and adherence to all components of the intervention. The secondary outcome will be changes to anxiety over time. Discussion: The results of this trial will determine the feasibility and potential effectiveness of video-delivered EFMT for late-life anxiety compared to no treatment. If the results are promising, a larger randomized controlled trial may be conducted. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04415528. Registered on

Background The worldwide prevalence of anxiety in older adults is estimated at between 6 and 10%. In Canada, adults 65 and older experience anxiety at a rate of 6.4%, affecting more than 300,000 people. Anxiety in older adults has been linked to difficulties retaining new information and engaging in instrumental daily activities of living. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, novel methods of delivering therapy programs remotely are needed; however, data is limited. There is some evidence that older adults prefer non-pharmacological approaches for anxiety that can be delivered in the community. Emotion-focused mindfulness therapy (EFMT) is a mindfulness-based intervention that emphasizes meditation and observing thoughts and emotions as they arise. This emphasis has been demonstrated to reduce symptoms of anxiety in general populations. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of EFMT with older adults. Methods This pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial will use a wait list cont...

Background Older people are vulnerable to sustained high levels of psychosocial distress following a crime. A cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-informed psychological therapy, the Victim Improvement Package (VIP) may aid recovery. The VIP trial aims to test the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the VIP for alleviating depressive and anxiety symptoms in older victims of crime. Methods/design People aged 65 years or more who report being a victim of crime will be screened by Metropolitan Police Service Safer Neighbourhood Teams within a month of the crime for distress using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-2. Those who screen positive will be signposted to their GP for assistance, and re-screened at 3 months. Participants who screen positive for depression and/or anxiety at re-screening are randomised to a CBT informed VIP added to treatment as usual (TAU) compared to TAU alone. The intervention consists of 10 individual 1-h sessions, delivere...

Introduction: An estimated 2.3 million infants/children across all countries of the world are exposed to second-hand smoking (SHS). These infants and children live in households where there is at least one smoker. This has contributed to the alarming incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, including neuro developmental defects and lowered immunity among infants/children. Illnesses such as asthma, hypertension, arterial defects, impaired neuro development and infectious diseases have been found to be associated with increased exposure to SHS. Method/Methodology: This is a systematic review of published research articles focusing on the health consequences of infants/children's exposure to SHS. Studies reviewed comprise of cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal and observational studies. Findings/Results: Key findings indicate that Infants/children are predisposed to various disorders that affect their cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems leading to morbidities such as hypertension impaired endothelial functioning, asthma, wheeze, lowered immunity as well as obesity. In addition, permanent disabilities that result in long-term disease conditions such as emphysema, cancer of the lungs and impaired cardiovascular reflex with impaired neuro-development leading to learning disabilities, altered neuro-behaviour as well as anxiety and panic disorders, including depression are all associated with infant/childhood exposure to SHS. There is immediate public health need to promulgate ways to minimize exposure of infant/childhood to second hand smoking so as to reduce the risks and disease burden associated with SHS.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepercayaan diri atlet remaja pada cabang olahraga beladiri di kota Samarinda. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuesioner (angket). Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh atlet beladiri berjumlah 48 atlet.dan sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 48 atlet terdiri dari 5 cabang olahraga beladiri. jenis sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik sampling jenuh, yaitu teknik penentuan sampel bila anggota populasi digunakan sebagai sampel. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis deskriptif yang di sajikan dalam bentuk ditribusi frekuensi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan sebanyak 3 atlet (6,2%) berada dalam kategori "sangat tinggi", 21 atlet (43,8%) berada dalam kategori "tinggi", 7 atlet (14,6%) dalam kategori "sedang", 13 atlet (27,1%) dalam kategori "rendah", dan 4 atlet (8,3%) berada dalam kategori "sangat rendah". Hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat kepercayaan diri atlet remaja cabang olahraga beladiri di kota Samarinda tergolong dalam kategori tinggi.

The study examined self-esteem, anxiety and gender as predictors of attitude towards voluntary counseling and testing of HIV/AIDS among undergraduates. The study utilizes purposive sampling technique to select 200 undergraduates. Self-esteem Scale (SS), Anxiety Scale (AS) and HIV/AIDS Voluntary Counseling and Testing Attitude Scale (HVCTS) were used for the study. The study adopted a predictive design and multiple linear regression analysis was used for data analysis.The result showed that the ages of the participants ranged from 17 to 28 years,with a mean age of 23. It equally showed that selfesteem had a mean score 24.50, anxiety had a mean score of 23.25, gender had a mean score of 14.10 and HIV/AIDS Voluntary Counseling and Testing had a mean score of 33.48. Furthermore, it showed that anxiety significantly predicted attitude of undergraduates towards voluntary counseling and testing of HIV/AIDS (t=0.030, p<.05), self-esteem significantly predicted attitude of undergraduates towards voluntary counseling and testing of HIV/AIDS (t=0.010, p<.05) but gender did not significantly predict attitude of undergraduates towards voluntary counseling and testing of HIV/AIDS (t=0.082, p<.05). The finding showed that selfesteem and anxiety significantly predicted the attitude of undergraduates towards voluntary counseling and testing of HIV/AIDS but gender of the undergraduates did not predict attitude towards voluntary counseling and testing of HIV/AIDS.

Relatively few studies have prospectively examined the effects of known protective factors, such as religion, on pandemic-related outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pre- and post-pandemic trajectories and psychological effects of religious beliefs and religious attendance. Male and female adults (N = 189) reported their beliefs in religious importance (RI) and their religious attendance (RA) both before (T1) and after (T2) the pandemic’s onset. Descriptive and regression analyses were used to track RI and RA from T1 to T2 and to test their effects on psychological outcomes at T1 and T2. The participants who reported a decrease in religious importance and attendance were greater in number than those who reported an increase, with RI (36.5% vs. 5.3%) and RA (34.4% vs. 4.8%). The individuals with decreased RI were less likely to know someone who had died from COVID-19 (O.R. =0.4, p = 0.027). The T1 RI predicted overall social adjustment (p &lt; 0.05) and lower suicidal...

Background: Emerging research has suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions and lockdown resulted in decreasing physical activity levels and poor health globally. Most of the studies reporting on the pandemic and physical activity were from advanced countries. This study assessed self-perceived health status and physical activity among youth and adults in Ghana before, during, and after the COVID-19 restrictions. Methods: The participants were 932 young Ghanaians who completed an online survey as part of the General Health, Speech, and Physical Activity Relationship Assessment Study in Ghana. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), anxiety was assessed using the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results: Out of the 937 participants involved in the study, 56.5% were males and 35% were females. Places where participants engaged...

Мета дослідження: визначити наявний рівень резильєнтності в українців, що перебувають в Україні та українців, що виїхали за кордон у зв'язку з повномасштабним вторгненням, впливом на неї чинників воєнного часу, виявити основні стратегії подолання стресових ситуацій та систему базових переконань у даних групах, виявити взаємозв’язок між даними аспектами та рівнем резильєнтності.

База дослідження. Для вибірки були обрані громадяни України, які перебувають в Україні та українці, що виїхали за кордон у зв'язку з повномасштабним вторгненням. Загалом вибірка налічує 133 досліджуваних, віком від 18 до 61 і більше років.

    Теоретичне значення дослідження полягає в розкритті досліджені сучасного стану рівня резильєнтності серед українців, досліджені взаємозв'язку між рівнем резильєнтності та чинниками воєнного часу, такими психологічними явищами як  копінг-стратегії та системи базових переконань особистості. Дослідження цього питання сприяє кращому розумінню психологічних механізмів, які допомагають людині подолати стресові ситуації, відновитись після них та розвинути в собі навичку стійкості та гнучкості до несприятливих подій у майбутньому. Урахування рівня резильєнтності у дослідженнях може сприяти глибшому розумінню взаємозв'язку впливу травматичних подій на рівень останньої та на інші психологічні конструкти. У свою чергу, це може допомогти розвинути теоретичні моделі та концепції, які допоможуть конкретизувати це явище в контексті воєнного часу  та розширити наше уявлення про резильєнтність як складний багатофакторний психологічний процес.
     
У результаті дослідження проаналізовано особливості розвитку резильєнтності особи у воєнний час, виявлено наявний рівень резильєнтності в українців, що перебувають в Україні та українців, що виїхали за кордон у зв'язку з повномасштабним вторгненням, основні стратегії подолання стресових ситуацій та систему базових переконань у даних групах, виявили взаємозв’язок між даними аспектами та рівнем резильєнтності.

Depression and anxiety are important sources of morbidity globally, but we have little knowledge of risk groups and risk factors for both classes of disorders in Tanzania and other low-resource settings. We aimed to identify socio-demographic markers and risk and protective factors associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression among 1249 young men belonging to social groups known as "camps" in Dar es Salaam. Anxiety and depression were measured using the HSCL-25. Men living apart from family reported greater symptoms of anxiety and depression than men living with family, and employment was associated with a greater likelihood of clinically significant symptoms of both anxiety and depression. Childhood experience of violence was strongly associated with both anxiety and depression. Social support was associated with lower levels of anxiety and depression, and with a lower likelihood of clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression in this population. Youth not living with family and the working poor may be important populations for future investigation. Interventions targeting survivors of childhood violence and social support-based interventions should be tested to address the burden of anxiety and depression in this setting.

This study tested the association between mental health scores and sexual risk behaviors among male members of social groups known as "camps" in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Anxiety and depression were measured using the HSCL-25 and condom use and sexual partner concurrency were assessed through self-report. 1113 sexually active men with an average age of 27 years were included in the analyses. Higher anxiety and depression scores were significantly associated with both condom use (Anxiety AOR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.77; Depression AOR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.77) and concurrency (Anxiety AOR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.73, 3.12; Depression AOR=2.08, 95% CI: 1.60, 2.70). The results of this study provide information salient to the development of effective HIV prevention interventions targeting populations with high burdens of anxiety and depression. The feasibility and effect of integrating mental health promotion activities into HIV prevention interventions should be explored.

Background: Anxiety and depression during the antenatal period is a growing problem with major effects on the mother, the developing fetus, and the neonate. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression during pregnancy in women attending the hospital for antenatal care and assess the associated factors. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted in the University Hospital of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Anxiety was evaluated using State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Depression was assessed using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results: Complete data were available for 575 women. The mean EPDS score was 10.5 (SD 5.5). The prevalence of depression was 26.8%. The mean state-anxiety score was 38.4 (SD 11.4) and mean trait-anxiety score was 38.2 (SD 9.5). The prevalence of anxiety using state-anxiety scale was 23.6%, while using the trait scale it was 23.9%. The risk is higher among unemployed women with history of miscarriage and unplanned pregnancy. Conclusion: Anxiety and depression are common during pregnancy.

Depression and suicide rates among youths tended to increase. From reviews, many applications and online counseling could reduce depression and anxiety to promote well-being of youths and university students effectively. This study was conducted to develop &quot;Friend from heart&quot; application based on LINE system to promote well-being for undergraduate students of faculty of education, Kasetsart University. The research method included the survey of basic data for developing the application and evaluation of the application by specialists. A total of 72 voluntary students were invited to join an online survey. It was found that most of the students (81.94%) wanted applications that provide physical health information such as exercise, eating healthy food, and health care. However, about 16.66% of students needed an application that can speak or listen problems with video calls. Then, researchers took the services that students were interested more than 50% to develop the applic...

Background: Lack of self-acceptance is one of the most pervasive factors threatening people's psychological well-being. Objectives: This study aims to explore the roots and underlying causes of a lack of self-acceptance through the lived experiences of psychologists specializing in the field of self-acceptance. Methods: A reflexive thematic analysis, based on the approach by Braun and Clarke, was conducted using 30 in-depth interviews. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling methods. To enhance the trustworthiness of the research, Lincoln and Guba's criteria were applied. Results: The overarching theme identified was "Tripartite adversities involved in the formation of a lack of self-acceptance." This theme comprised intrapersonal factors ("Existential Insecurity"), interpersonal factors ("Deficits in Nurturance," "Restricted Autonomy," "Disrupted Trust," and "Exposure to Strict Standards"), and socio-cultural factors ("Minority Group Status"). Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that the roots of a lack of self-acceptance are complex and multifaceted. Addressing this issue has significant implications for improving self-acceptance, which is an integral component of many contemporary therapeutic modalities targeting trans-diagnostic factors such as perfectionism, self-criticism, and shame.

Posyandu dan Puskesmas perlu mengintegrasikan layanan primer untuk mendukung pemenuhan kebutuhan integrasi layanan primer yang berkualitas dan mudah diakses oleh masyarakat. Posyandu prima memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam integrasi layanan primer. Peran perawat komunitas dalam pelaksanaan integrasi pelayanan kesehatan di posyandu prima adalah promotif, preventif, dan kuratif dalam pengelolaan asuhan keperawatan individu, keluarga, dan kelompok di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi Kesiapan Tenaga Kesehatan dalam Pelaksanaan Pelayanan Kesehatan Masyarakat Terpadu Posyandu Prima di Puskesmas Kota Purwakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan satu tema utama yaitu persepsi petugas kesehatan tentang prima posyandu dengan beberapa sub tema yaitu penjelasan tentang posyandu prima pelayanan kesehatan posyandu prima, pencatatan dan pelaporan posyandu prima, perencanaan posyandu prima, rencana sumber daya manusia di posyandu prima, rencana sarana prasarana di posyandu prima, rencana pendanaan di posyandu posyandu prima, dukungan kegiatan program posyandu prima, dukungan terhadap program kegiatan di posyandu prima, dukungan terhadap program posyandu prima dan keinginan petugas kesehatan terhadap posyandu prima. Kesimpulan yang diambil dalam penelitian ini tidak terlepas dari keterlibatan aktif petugas kesehatan yang bekerja di puskesmas dalam sistem pelayanan kesehatan primer yang berperan penting dalam dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan posyandu prima.

This study aims to determine the academic stress and coping strategies of senior high school students at Libagon National High School. The researcher adopt a survey instrument from Ying Ming Lin, Farn Shing Chen, and Zunaira Shafiq Zunaira, and uses a quantitative descriptive research approach to collect data from 57 respondents (30 grade 11 and 27 grade 12 students). The results show that academic stress is low for seniors in high school. The demands of teachers, trouble focusing during study sessions, exam anxiety, and a lack of confidence are some of the factors that contribute to this stress. To manage stress, students use a variety of coping strategies. These include beneficial methods like emotional regulation, social support, and problem-solving. Nevertheless, some students turn to negative strategies, including inappropriate behavior and avoidance. The study highlights how crucial it is for schools to comprehend these coping strategies in order to offer the right kind of assistance. Promoting healthy coping mechanisms, providing mental health resources, and creating a supportive environment can all improve students' academic performance, mental health, and resilience.

Objectives: The possibility that dreams constitute an evolutionary advantage for survival is currently being discussed. Dreams may provide a safe virtual environment to practise avoidance behaviours, providing evolutionarily useful implicit learning. This study therefore sought to evaluate the quantitative importance of threats to the dream self and its avoidance behaviours. Methods: Eight self-descriptive adjectives were selected corresponding to 235 dreams: threatened, pursued, attacked, captured, detained, fleeing, struggling and fighting. A threatening dream was defined as one in which the dream self is described by one of these adjectives. An avoidance/confrontation dream was defined as one in which the dream self is described by one of the last three adjectives in the list. Results: According to this classification, 128 dreams (54.5%) were identified in which the dream self perceived a threat. In 96 of them, the dream self performed an action involving avoidance/confrontation (75.0%). Conclusions: The dream self feels threatened in over half of dreams. This is an extremely relevant phenomenon from a quantitative perspective which must be accounted for by any theory which seeks to explain the function of dreams. Equally important is the attitude of the dream self, which defends itself from the threat on three out of four occasions. These data support the idea that dreams may consist of a form of implicit learning, offering support to theories of an evolutionary nature.

Background: Evidence that the birth process of physically active women go through more easily than inactive women goes back to ancient times. As a result, women&#39;s orientation to physical activity during pregnancy indicates that they will have a very beneficial and comfortable period both before and after pregnancy. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of exercise on the anxiety levels of pregnant and non-pregnant women in terms of various variables. Methods: Pregnant Information Form and Cambridge Anxiety Scale created by the researchers were used as data collection tools in the study. Data collection tools were applied by the researcher using face to face interview method. In the analysis of the data obtained in the study, percentage and frequency descriptive statistical methods to determine the distribution of the personal information of the participants, T-test, One Way Anova Test First of all, Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett tests were used to measure t...

Çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinde algılanan ebeveynlik biçimi ve ilişkilerle ilgili bilişsel çarpıtmaların yetişkin ayrılma anksiyetesini ne ölçüde yordadığının belirlenmesi ve yetişkinin algıladığı aşırı izin verici/sınırsız ebeveynlik biçimi ile ayrılma anksiyetesi arasındaki ilişkide, ilişkilerle ilgili bilişsel çarpıtmaların aracı rolünün araştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemini 281 (%63.3) kadın, 163 (%36.7) erkek olmak üzere yaş ortalaması 21.02 (ss=1.70) olan toplam 444 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, Demografik Bilgi Formu, Young Ebeveynlik Ölçeği, (YEBÖ), İlişkilerle ilgili Bilişsel Çarpıtmalar Ölçeği (İBÇÖ) ve Yetişkin Ayrılma Anksiyetesi Ölçeği (YAAÖ) kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Regresyon analizi sonucunda, YAA belirtilerini bireyin yaşı ve YEBÖ algılanan kuralcı/kalıplayıcı baba ebeveynlik biçiminin negatif; algılanan aşırı izin verici/sınırsız anne, sömürücü/istismar edici ve aşırı koruyucu/evhamlı baba ebeveynlik biçimlerinin ve İBÇÖ alt boyutlarının pozitif yordadığı bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın temel amacı doğrultusunda yürütülen analizler sonucu, İBÇÖ'nün alt boyutlarının algılanan aşırı izin verici/sınırsız ebeveynlik biçimleri ile YAA belirtileri arasında tam aracı rolünün olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak aşırı izin verici, sınırların olmadığı ya da disiplinden yoksun ebeveynlik biçimlerinin de katı, aşırı otoriter ya da kuralcı ebeveynlik biçimleri kadar olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabileceğine dikkat çekecek sonuçlara ulaşıldığı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın, diğer psikolojik belirtiler ile birlikte görülme olasılığı yüksek olan ve ülkemizde oldukça az çalışmanın odaklandığı yetişkin ayrılma anksiyetesi belirtileri konusunda uzmanlarına yarar sağlayacak bilgiler sağladığı düşünülmektedir.