The subject of the article are interesting combs discovered in the stronghold in Pasym, NE Poland. For the older phases of the early Middle Ages, combs are unique finds, especially in the area of the West Balts. Results of the analysis show that combs from Pasym should be dated at the end of the 7th – the beginning of the 9th century AD. Numerous traces of bone and antler processing have been found in the stronghold in Pasym, however, no semi-products or waste left by comb manufac-ture were found, therefore, the existance of a local comb making workshop should be excluded. Combs of the types found in Pasym come from the Frisian areas, but there is no reason to treat these specimens as Frisian imports. The combs from Pasym bear the greatest resemblance to the artefacts from some of the early Slavic sites from the Polish Lowlands (Żukowice, Kałdus, Miszewko Strzałkowskie, Wyszogród) and Janów Pomorski as well as to a single find from Tumiany.

Eneolithic period in the Balkan area is marked by diverse archaeological cultures and cultural complexes. Traditional studies throughout 20th century were mainly focused on the problems of their chronological relations and on diverse aspects of the development of copper metallurgy, while faunal remains were not always carefully collected and their analyses were usually restricted.
In this paper will be presented the osseous industry from several sites of Bubanj – Hum I culture, part of the Bubanj-Salcuţa-Krivodol cultural complex, widespread in the Balkans. The most important assemblage comes from the site of Bubanj near Niš, where excavations were carried out in 1950s and again in 2008-2014, and these last campaigns provided rich assemblage of osseous artefacts, including manufacture debris. Also was analysed the material from the sites of Lazareva cave near Zlot and Begov most, both situated in eastern Serbia. Predominant raw materials were bones, mainly sheep/goat and cattle metapodials and ribs and red deer antlers. Teeth occur rarely, and occasionally even mollusc shells may be encountered. Typological repertoire consists of everyday tools, such as awls, needles, chisels, burnishers, scrapers and hammers; also other utilitarian objects such as handles were produced, while the weapons were rare. Ornaments occur in small quantities, and particularly interesting is the find of a single, fragmented flat figurine from Bubanj.

The authors organized a projectile experiment including the use of bow and spear-thrower in conditions replicating Palaeolithic hunting. Experimental copies of antler points from the Late Upper Palaeolithic showed proximal fractures characteristic of spear-thrower use. Similar fractures are found on archaeological specimens from the Upper Magdalenian occupation of the Isturitz site, thus bringing arguments in favour of the persistence of this weapon at least until ca. 16―14 cal ka BP in Western Europe.

This dissertation aims to study the artefact biographies of the Star Carr barbed points. 193 points have been recovered from the site to date, and questions still remain over the sourcing of their raw material, the ways in which they were used and the context of their deposition. A narrative for the use-lives of these objects is constructed by reviewing previous literature, re-examining original material, combining data from ethnographic and experimental studies, and analysing finds from the most recent excavations at Star Carr. This is then used to discuss the interaction between people and animals during the Early Mesolithic.

In 2001 a rescue excavation by the cantonal archeological service took place in the late Roman castellum of Pfyn (canton Thurgau, Switzerland). More than 150 antler objects were found in a small area set against the inner wall of the castellum. There was a lot of waste and semi-manufactured objects, but also finished bracelets which were exclusively produced in this part of the castellum. This has allowed us to reconstruct the "chaîne opératoire" in detail. A large pit and a fireplace may have been used as part of the workshop. The workshop is dated to approximately AD 320.

En los sitios del centro de la Pampa Húmeda argentina es frecuente el hallazgo de restos de asta de venado de las Pampas (Ozotoceros bezoarticus). Sin embargo, estos materiales suelen registrarse en escasas cantidades y, salvo excepciones, sólo son mencionados colateralmente en la literatura arqueológica. En este trabajo se presenta el análisis de los restos de astas de venado de las Pampas de dos sitios arqueológicos: Empalme Querandíes 1 y Calera. Los resultados indican que estos elementos fueron utilizados con fines tecnológicos. Sin embargo, algunas partes de las astas (las puntas) no serían las más diagnósticas para identificar este comportamiento. Esto es porque gran parte de las modificaciones que se clasifican como culturales también se producen en vida del animal. Por otro lado, las bases presentan evidencias de abrasión y negativos de lascado, que serían buenos indicadores del uso de este elemento como instrumento. En este estudio se identificaron varias bases con modificaciones, que podrían haber sido utilizadas como percutores blandos. Finalmente, la técnica utilizada para la obtención de las formas base habría sido la de débitage por segmentación. Palabras claves: tecnología ósea, venado de las Pampas, asta, región pampeana. Antler remains of Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) are frequently recorded in the sites located in the center of the Argentinian Humid Pampas. These materials, however, are usually scarce and, in general, they are only collaterally mentioned in the archaeological literature. This article presents the analysis of antler remains from two archaeological sites-Empalme Querandíes 1 and Calera-. Results indicate that these elements were used with technological purposes. However, some parts of the antler (the tines) are not the more diagnostic ones to identify this behavior. This is because a large part of the modifications that are classified as " of cultural origin " also occur in the animal's life. The bases, on the other hand, can present evidence of abrasion and flake negatives, which could be good indicators of the use of these elements as tools. In this study, several specimens with modifications, which could have been used as soft hammers, were identified. Finally, the technique that was used in the obtaining of blanks would have been débitage by segmentation.

Over 350 artefacts made of bones were found during the archaeological excavations. Eighty pieces of them were made of red deer antlers, classified in six groups: sickles, punching tools, bevelled tools, handles and undetermined objects. There is a constant distribution of the findings by layers on Samovodene, with the exception of layer B2-C, where only two finds were registered. The production of red deer antler tools is very specialized in terms of both technology and typology and we can see that this raw material was concentrated around two major types of tools related to the agriculture and lithic industry. The fairly well-standardized technology and the simple set of tools indicate a good knowledge of red deer antler properties and qualities and their adaptation to the needs of the Neolithic way of life. It seems that the inhabitants had known this material very well since the inception of the settlement, which proves that knowledge on antler industry had been learned elsewhere and had been passed on to Samovodene through generations.

In 1996 and 1999‑2000, the Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences conducted a rescue excavation at Nitra-Chrenová that produced as many as 220 fragments of worked osseous material. The worked half-finished products were clearly used for making various parts of composite combs. A detailed analysis of them provided several technological details that can shed light on antler working and the production of singlesided composite combs. These finds from Nitra-Chrenová clearly attest to the existence of a specialized workshop for the production of composite combs.

S. MUSTEAŢĂ, Antler manufacturing in the central and Eastern Europe during Late Antiquity. In: A. Rubel (Hg.), Die Barbaren Roms. Inclusion. Excusion unde Identitätim Romischen Reich und im Barbaricum (1.-3. Jahrhundet n. Chr.), SAGA II, Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre Verlag, S. 199-237, ISBN, 978-3-86628-577-4

Michael Baales (1994): Kettig (Kr. Mayen-Koblenz): Ein spätpaläolithischer Siedlungsplatz unter dem Bims des Laacher See-Vulkans im Neuwieder Becken – Ein Vorbericht. Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 24, 241-254.

Vorbericht zu den 1993er Ausgrabungen am neuen Federmesser-Fundplatz Kettig im Neuwieder Becken. Vorgestellt werden eine Feuerstellenzone, einige Steinartefakte sowie die wichtigsten Geweihgeräte, ein Widerhakenspitzenfragment und ein Schlägel aus der Basis einer Abwurfstange eines Rothirschgeweihs. Artefakte dieser Art sind erstmals für die mittelrheinischen Federmesser-Gruppen entdeckt worden und auch weit darüberhinaus selten bzw. einmalig.

Preliminary report on the 1993 excavations at the new Federmessergruppen (penknife site) Kettig in the Neuwied Basin. A hearth zone, some stone artefacts as well as the most important antler implements, a barbed point fragment and a soft hammer (percuteur) made from the base of a shed red deer antler are presented. Artefacts of this kind have been discovered for the first time for the Central Rhenish penknife groups and are rare or unique far beyond.

Les fouilles archéologiques menées en 2003 et en 2005 à Villeparisis (Seine-et-Marne) dans le centre ancien, ont mis au jour les vestiges d'une zone artisanale du Bas Empire regroupant un atelier de potiers mais également les témoins d'activités diverses, notamment 60 bois de cerfs au sein d'un dépotoir. Ceux-ci sont incomplets et portent de nombreuses traces de travail. Leur analyse n'a pas permis de déterminer les objets façonnés.

În rândul pieselor cu valoare socială, specifi ce epocii bronzului, sceptrele constituie o categorie aparte de obiecte, atât prin diversitatea tipologică, dar mai ales prin semnifi cații. Lucrate din piatră și din materii dure animale, aceste artefacte necesită o permanentă analiză și prin prisma faptului că orice nouă descoperire poate oferi elemente suplimentare pentru a înțelege importanța și implicațiile obiectelor la care am făcut referire. Dacă sceptrele de piatră din epoca bronzului au fost discutate în diferite studii de sinteză (Boroffka, Sava 1998; Ursu, Mitrea 2001; Irimia 2008), cele realizate din os și corn nu au fost prezentate în ansamblu, fapt datorat probabil și numărului redus al descoperirilor. Din acest motiv, în rândurile următoare ne propunem să evidențiem câteva aspecte referitoare la această categorie de obiecte. Pentru că respectivele piese provin din descoperiri mai vechi sau de dată recentă, considerăm necesară întocmirea unui catalog al lor (fără pretenția de a fi unul exhaustiv), urmat apoi de unele considerații de ordin tehnologic, cronologic, cultural, dar vor fi discutate și eventualele semnifi cații ale sceptrelor din os și corn.

Typological fiches of bone and antler industry from Romania. I. Prehistory. 1. Eneolithic anthropomorphic idol/pendant/amulet made of red-deer antler discovered at Păuleni-Ciuc, Harghita County, Romania. The paper continues a series of recent articles and studies dealing with ancient bone and antler industry and initiates a new series of contributions that will be published in various periodical publications from Romania and abroad and which propose to present in form of synthetic typological fiches, the extensive information (including those regarding the technological aspects and the microscopic data analysis) of some special discoveries (unique, rare or less known) made of bone, antler, ivory, teeth, shell etc. from Romania, dated from Prehistory until XX th century. The article discusses a anthropomorphic female idol/pendant/amulet (flat-type or Trojan-type) worked in red-deer antler entirely finished by scraping and abrasion discovered in the Eneolithic site from Păuleni-Ciuc-"Várdomb" ("Citadel Hill") during 2004 campaign, in the hut no. 5 belonging to Cucuteni-Ariuşd II archaeological level (Cucuteni A 2 -A 3 stages, V th -IV th millennia B.C.). The artefact is flat and thin and has an ovoid-shape body. The proximal part is rectangular or trapezoidal with convex-concave margins; it has a central, circular perforation placed towards the proximal end. The absence of use wear traces on the perforation margins and some analogies (inventory of some graves in the Gumelniţa-Karanovo VI necropolis from Varna, Bulgaria; Cucuteni-Ariuşd ceramic female statuettes, female trunk bas-reliefs and painted representations on ceramic vessels which worn adornments -pendants on neck/on chest) suggest that the artefact was used probably as a thread bound pendant or as a flat idol sewn on textile or leather. This is the first * Cet article a été élaboré par l'auteur principal dans le programme qui a débuté en 2007 à l'École Doctorale de l'Université «Lucian Blaga» de Sibiu («Investir en gens! PROJET FINANCÉ DU FOND SOCIAL EUROPÉEN ID projet: 7706. Titre du projet: «Augmentation du rôle des études doctorales et de la compétitivité des doctorants dans une Europe unie», Université «Lucian Blaga», Bd. Victoriei No. 10, Sibiu, Roumanie. Union Européenne/ Ministère du Travail, de la Famille et de la Protection Sociale AMPOS DRU/ Fond Social Européen POS DRU

Summary: The site of Gomolava is located on the periphery of the village of Hrtkovci, on the left bank of the Sava, not far from Ruma. Systematic archaeological excavations were carried out in several campaigns the second half of the 20th century, revealing a rich site with archaeological remains from multiple periods: Late Neolithic – Vinča culture, Chalcolithic – Kostolac culture, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, La Tène, the Roman period and the Middle Ages. The Neolithic stratum was 1,30 m thick and had two habitation horizons. The earlier one contained pits, pit-dwellings and above-ground houses, and belongs to Vinča B phase. The later stratum was represented by houses with several rooms, and belongs to Vinča C phase. Portable material was rich in both horizons and included pottery, figurines, ceramic weights, lithic and osseous artefacts, etc. The bone industry, however is one of its insufficiently explored aspects. Major part of the material is being kept at the Museum of Vojvodina in Novi Sad, and a smaller part in the Regional museum in Ruma. The assemblage from the Regional museum in Ruma was analysed by the author and it comprises about 100 artefacts – awls, needles and heavy points made from bone, antler punches, few objects of special use and ornaments, and particularly interesting are several fish hooks made from antler, including one semi-finished item.
Fish hook Gml 25: Fragmented hook, from antler segment; the body (shank) is preserved, but the point is missing. At the basal part it has an extension and shallow groove immediately below. On most of the outer surface traces of scraping with a chipped stone tool tool are visible, only small portion has traces of burnishing. The entire artefact has slight polish from use/handling.
Fish hook Gml 26: Fragmented hook, made from antler segment; the entire pointed part is missing. It has finely modelled head on the basal part of the body, with shallow groove below it. The head itself was shaped by cutting and also on the outer surface it has traces of cutting and scraping with a chipped stone tool. The entire artefact has slight polish from use/handling.
Fish hook Gml 41: Fragmented hook, from long bone segment, probably from larger animal. L-shaped; the body is preserved, but the point is missing. At the basal part it has an extension and shallow groove immediately below. On most of the outer surface traces of scraping with a finely retouched chipped stone tool are visible, only small portion has traces of burnishing. The entire artefact has slight polish from use/handling.
Fish hook Gml 100. Preform for a hook, from piece of cortex, from red deer antler beam. It has clear traces in negative from small pieces of material removed by scraping and cutting with a chipped stone tool.
This preform, along with the manufacturing traces preserved on the hooks, enabled us to reconstruct the technological procedure: first an elongated plate was extracted from red deer antler beam segment. The blank was then modified by cutting with a chipped stone tool until it reached the general hook shape. After that, the blank was further modified by scraping with a chipped stone tool, judging from the traces, probably finely retouched until it reached the final form – a body (shank) with circular cross section, curved mesial part also with circular cross-section, and a point. Unfortunately, points are all fragmented – probably due to intensive use – and we have no data whether the points were simple or barbed (both variants are present in the material that is being kept in the Museum of Vojvodina).
The finds of fish hooks are very important since they provide indirect evidence on the importance of fishing and on the fishing techniques that were practiced. Some of the fishing equipment cannot be identified unambiguously (for example, ceramic weights), or is simply not preserved in the archaeological record (rare archaeological finds and ethnographic examples suggest the possibility of using traps, baskets, etc. made from wood). The site of Gomolava was situated on the river Sava, on a high loess terrace near the flooded area of southern Pannonian plain. Fish was present in the faunal record, but in very small amount, however, this due to the taphonomy but also recovery methods.
Fish hooks are not frequently found on Vinča culture sites, in fact, only Gomolava and Vinča-Belo Brdo yielded somewhat larger number of objects. These finds from Gomolava show that fishing was not sporadic activity. Fish hooks were not ad hoc objects, but carefully made, and into their production a relatively large amount of time and skill was invested, suggesting that fishing was an important activity. The find of a preform is important for studying the organisation of production of bone objects among the Vinča culture communities.

Antler is a specific osseous raw material – it is a renewable resource, which can be obtained through both hunting and gathering, resilient, strong, and may be available in relatively substantial quantities. Antlers were widely used since the Palaeolithic times and had an important role among the agricultural communities as well. They were used for everyday tools, weapons, jewellery and non-utilitarian items. Antler exploitation may be of particular importance in the studying of raw material managing and relations with the environment. In the Late Neolithic Vinča culture, red deer and occasionally roe deer antlers were used for a variety of purposes, mainly for everyday tools. In this paper will be presented the analysis of the role of antlers in the Vinča culture in Central Balkans, manufacturing techniques, typological repertoire, as well as their importance for studying craft production in general.

This article's aim is to analyse a group of objects discovered during the excavations that took
place almost half a century ago in the Gumelniţa tell settlement in Baia, Tulcea County. The group,
which consists mostly of flint objects, completes as much as possible, the data we have about the
production and use of tools by the Gumelniţa communities.

Note should be made that this 1980 interim report on the 1970's excavation was never intended as a final publication. That would now entail specifically the rewriting of the earlier Roman phase of the defences and also reinterpretation of the site’s so- called ‘Dark Age’.

The centurions' quarters, defences and rampart buildings in Chester's Roman fortress were excavated daily for over three years from 1975. Finds included items of unknown origin. FEEDBACK WELCOME on both 'mystery objects' and on mis-identifications!

Only short, summary notes on this major site  were published in 1980, by J C McPeake on pp 14-21; pre-Roman to Saxo-Norman finds, by M Bulmer [Ward], pp 22-32; and later finds by J A [Axworthy] Rutter, p 33-37. The vast array of finds from over three years of excavation was briefly summarised, including Saxo-Norman finds and, from the Roman period,  a group of miniature items possibly representing votive offerings.

The excavations of 1975-1977 were funded by Chester City Council and English Heritage. Final publication is awaited from Cheshire West & Chester Council. Please feel free to write to them requesting publication of all their major excavations. Contacts available at www.cheshirewestandchester.gov.uk

Assistance was received on the finds from Miranda Aldhouse-Green, G Lloyd-Morgan, B R Hartley, B M Dickinson, M W C Hassall, Charles Thomas, John Hayes, et al; drawings were by the late P H Alebon.

The article presents 16 antler cheek-pieces discovered in Northern Dobrogea in contexts that belong to the beginning of First Iron Age (Babadag culture). With this occasion the artifacts were analyzed technologically, typologically and chronologically. This way, it was possible to observe the preference for brow tine of a red-deer antler and rarely from roe deer antler. All entire exemplaries present three perforations on the same plan, indicating the using of a unitary system of attachment to the bridle, differences existing in the dimensions of these orifices and the form of the cheek-pieces which determined us to divide the studied psalias in more types. The association of these characteristics with the discovering context indicates at this point that the exemplaries placed in a.3 and b.2 types are earlier than those placed in a.1-2 and b1 types.

This paper presents the first study of Late Chalcolithic (sec. half of V mill. BC) harpoons from Bulgaria. Three main types are defined and each type is divided into three subtypes according to the share of barbed zone. The main result is the differentiation of two regional groups - Northern and Southern.

Summary 
The site Divostin is located in the vicinity of Kragujevac in central Serbia. It was excavated almost half a century ago and it yielded rich remains of architecture and portable finds, belonging to Starčevo and Vinča cultures.
In this paper a revision analysis of the bone tool assemblage belonging to Vinča culture is presented. Among raw materials, mainly medium-sized mammal long bones were represented, followed by red deer antlers and to smaller extent other skeletal elements were represented. Although cattle dominates in the faunal record, mainly ovicaprine bones were used. Generally shed antler were used shed, although few specimens from killed animals were present as well.
Typologically, pointed tools dominate, including medium, heavy and fine points (awls, points and needles). They were made of longitudinally split bones, further modified by cutting and burnishing. Among cutting tools, several chisels and wedges were represented, made of both bones and antlers, and also two large cutting tools, axes or adzes, of antlers. Burnishing tools include diverse spatulae, made of different raw materials, most of them fragmented and heavily used. Punching tools included punches of antler tines and large hammers, generally made of basal parts of shed antlers. Some of the hammers had socket for inserting another tool on the other end (hammer-axes).
Objects of special use included hafts made of long bones and cylindrical segments of hollowed antler, as well as sleeves, i. e., antler pieces with a socket for inserting  tool and  place for wooden handle, used as shock absorber. Used astragals with perforations were present as well. Decorative and other non-utilitarian items are almost completely absent; original publication mentioned some shell ornaments, however, their present whereabouts is unknown. Most of these tools were used for processing organic materials (leather, plants, wood).
Finally, large number of fragments of bones and antler with traces of manufacture were discovered. Some of them may represent broken parts of tools, but some are without any doubt manufacture debris. Especially noticeable are antler manufacture debris, including two large pieces of antler with traces of hacking when blanks were removed from them.
The presence of manufacture debris, as well as finally made numerous and diverse antler artefacts, demonstrate that workshop (or workshops) for antler working existed within the Vinča culture settlement. Other data suggest this was not the only workshop at the site, therefore a hypothesis could be made that  excavated portion of the site was a working area. Also, large number of antler tools suggests that collecting, processing and using antler tools (probably for wood working) was an important activity of the Divostin inhabitants.

Presentamos el trabajo de arqueología experimental de una pieza elaborada sobre asta de ciervo del fortín ibérico del Puntal dels Llops (s. V – f. s. II a. C.). Se trata de un objeto singular tanto por su tipología (ha sido definido como un colgante o pectoral), como por tener grabada una inscripción en ibérico leída como NAUIBA e interpretada como un nombre propio o un cargo personal.
Su revisión nos ha hecho prestar especial atención a su manufactura desde el punto de vista tecnológico. Por ello hemos procedido a fabricar una réplica utilizando la misma materia prima y herramientas similares a las probablemente empleadas en época ibérica. Se ha seleccionado la parte central de un asta de Cervus elaphus de envergadura similar a la original y ha sido trabajada con sierras metálicas para los primeros pasos de la manufactura, punzones para el vaciado, la ejecución de las perforaciones y la realización de la inscripción y piedra de rodeno como material abrasivo. Se ha contabilizado el tiempo invertido en todo el proceso de trabajo, resultando especialmente largo y problemático el vaciado del asta. Hemos comprobado, asimismo, como el uso de agua reduce el tiempo en esta fase de la cadena operativa.

Excavations between 1973 and 1984 at an open-air site on the island of Ostrovul
Corbului (Botul Cliuci) in the downstream area of the Iron Gates of the Danube revealed
abundant remains of Mesolithic occupation. The investigations brought to light habitation
structures (pithouses), hearths and burials, as well as rich lithic and osseous assemblages
and faunal remains, ostensibly belonging to two stratigraphically distinct horizons.
This paper reviews previously published information on the artefacts made of red
deer (Cervus elaphus) antler from the site and presents new data from a morphological
and use-wear study of the assemblage, the aim of which was to establish whether there are
any technological differences between the two alleged Mesolithic occupation horizons. The
results are compared to those from other Mesolithic sites in the Iron Gates region.
At Ostrovul Corbului both shed antler and antler from hunted animals were used.
The defining feature technologically is the use of volume blanks, with only a few artefacts involving longitudinal debitage. The typological range is limited with bevelled tools
(„chisels”) predominant, reflecting a specialization on woodworking. Both products and
45
sub-products of the manufacturing process are present in the assemblage, indicating in
situ manufacturing of finished items. Comparison with other sites in the Iron Gates region
points toward a fairly homogeneous Mesolithic antler industry, although there are some
site-specific elements. Further research is needed to determine whether such variations
reflect primarily economic or cultural factors.

59th annual meeting of the Hugo Obermaier-Society, 18th-22nd April 2017, Aurich/Germany:

The Hamburgian as a cultural stage was defined by Gustav Schwantes in the 1930s. Few years later the famous classical Hamburgian sites Meiendorf and Stellmoor in the Ahrensburg tunnel valley (North Germany) were excavated. These sites brought a rich assemblage of a Hamburgian bone and antler industry. Alfred Rust analyzed its typology and technology in his monographs on the sites in an exemplary manner for this period.
Only a few bone and antler artefacts have been excavated at Poggenwisch (North Germany) and Slotseng (South Denmark) since and only a small number of single finds were discovered that could be attributed to the classical and Havelte phase of the Hamburgian.
Recently, an exploding number of methodological papers on osseous technology were published. These helped to standardize terminology, description and the addressing of artefacts. Furthermore, they introduced new approaches to technology (e.g. socio-economy/functionality). Thus far, these new ideas hardly considered the earliest sites of the anatomic modern human in northern Central Europe.
An ongoing PhD thesis aims to contribute to the topic in analyzing the Hamburgian using a modern technological approach on the bone and antler industries. This paper presents first results of this thesis, notably, the technological analysis of the assemblages from Meiendorf and Slotseng. The savoir faire of the classical Hamburgian will be particularly highlighted and discussed in contrast to the Havelte group and the Final Magdalenian. Socio-economic analysis of the procurement and processing of raw materials will add to the knowledge about the function of the different sites. Hence, they will contribute to our understanding of the Hamburgian and its position in the cultural puzzle of the Early Lateglacial.

Предметом представленного исследования являются роговые предметы из коллекции верхнепалеолитической стоянки Сунгирь. Материалы памятника изучались многие годы, однако комплекс изделий из рога в полном объёме никогда не рассматривался. В рамках настоящей работы был проведён общий анализ роговых находок со стоянки Сунгирь, включая технико-типологическую характеристику (за исключением двух сброшенных рогов из погребений), планиграфический и стратиграфический анализ. Исследование показало, что использование рога происходило в течение всего времени обитания человека на стоянке, однако полный цикл обработки рога (включающий принесение и расчленение целого рога) непосредственно на исследованной территории памятника не проводился.

"The excavations at Star Carr by Grahame Clark (1949 – 1951) have received much attention not only due to the extent and preservational conditions of the site but also due to the recovery of 21 perforated red deer skulls. The interpretation of the so-called head-dresses as shamanistic garb (Clark 1954, 169-170) has had a lasting influence on our interpretation of the Mesolithic overall. Therefore, it is not surprising that comparable finds at other sites on the European continent, have been similarly interpreted.
Apart from Star Carr, a detailed review has highlighted similar artefacts from seven localities on the European continent spanning the time range of the Late Palaeolithic to Late Mesolithic. However, the precise use and function of these artefacts is still unclear. To further understand the use-life of these objects a methodology was developed that incorporated detailed microscopic analysis allied with experimental procedures. This functional analysis is currently being applied to two specimens from Bedburg-Königshoven, Germany (Street 1989). This is a novel approach that will test the head-dress hypothesis whilst providing a broader, and timely, understanding of the technical function of these items, which in turn can provide a better knowledge about the European Mesolithic itself.
"

Malgré des similitudes morphométriques qualitativement appréciables, les pointes de projectile aurignaciennes en bois de cervidé présentent un large éventail de formes et de dimensions qui mérite d’être expliqué. Dans la présente communication, la contribution de l’utilisation et du réaffûtage à cette variabilité est examinée en détail. Les résultats démontrent que ces deux processus convergents et producteurs de variabilité affectent principalement la morphométrie distale des armatures. L’analyse et la discussion offrent une perspective de recherches jusqu’à maintenant inexplorée, soit la révision des critères de classification typologique de ces pointes de projectile. Pour ce faire, un cadre d’analyse artefactuelle est avancé; celui-ci tient compte (1) des contraintes fonctionnelles auxquelles sont soumises les pointes de même que (2) leurs propriétés structurales et mécaniques dans une perspective globale de la transmission sociale du savoir technique. Finalement, une nouvelle mesure est introduite, le ratio proximo-distal, qui permet d’apprécier l’étendue des dimensions relatives des armatures considérées idoines par les chasseurs aurignaciens pour l’exécution des activités cynégétiques.