Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 1983

The objective of this study was to produce corrosion behavior data for each of the commonly used metallic alloys in surgical implants. In addition, by applying the known electrochemical corrosion theory, the study aims to predict the behavior of galvanic couples made of any two of the materials. From this predicted behavior, potentially useful couples that are not expected to show significantly increased corrosion rates were identified.

Materials

Metallic biomaterials are used in medical devices in humans more than any other family of materials. The corrosion resistance of an implant material affects its functionality and durability and is a prime factor governing biocompatibility. The fundamental paradigm of metallic biomaterials, except biodegradable metals, has been “the more corrosion resistant, the more biocompatible.” The body environment is harsh and raises several challenges with respect to corrosion control. In this invited review paper, the body environment is analysed in detail and the possible effects of the corrosion of different biomaterials on biocompatibility are discussed. Then, the kinetics of corrosion, passivity, its breakdown and regeneration in vivo are conferred. Next, the mostly used metallic biomaterials and their corrosion performance are reviewed. These biomaterials include stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys, titanium and its alloys, Nitinol shape memory alloy, dental amalgams, gold, metallic...

Electrochemical Society …, 2008

2005

For purposes of orthopedic and trauma surgery operations various stems, spokes, screws, pins made of pure metal and alloys are widely applied. As a result of metal materials using the problems of the patient organism protection from deleterious effects of metallogenic and electrochemical reactions, metal toxicosis – complications, connected with metal ion effect on organism, arise. The present study is devoted to realization of the comparative analysis of corrosion properties of modern implanted materials and coatings in simulated body fluid and their long-term behaviour in animate organism. PACS: 52.77.Fv; 87.80.Rb; 87.83.+a

Trends in Biomaterials and Artificial Organs

Biomaterials are materials used for many devices that can interact with biological systems to coexist for longer service with minimal failure. This paper provides an account of the chemical stability and biocompatibility in body environment of biomaterials. Corrosion is one of the major processes affecting the life and service of biomaterials devices made of metals and alloys. It has been observed that biomaterials corrosion occurs mainly by electrochemical reactions. This paper highlights the major corrosion processes. In order to reduce corrosion and achieve better biocompatibility; design, materials selection, and surface modifications are considered potential methods. The electrochemical techniques of mitigating corrosion are hereby examined in depth. © Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 20090113-36.

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2015, 46, 1011-1021

The electrochemical behavior of Ag-Pd (Paliag), Ni-Cr (Heraenium NA), and Co-Cr (Heraenium CE) alloys used in dental prosthetics construction of crowns and bridges was studied in 0.9 pct NaCl solution at 298 K (25 degrees C). The localized electrochemical characteristics related to corrosion resistance and eventual breakdown of the protecting oxide layers were investigated by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), whereas potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were employed to establish oxide stability. When the corrosion resistance of the alloys was evaluated by means of the corrosion current value determined around their corresponding open circuit potential in 0.9 pct NaCl solution, good protection can be expected resulting from their spontaneous passivation (low current densities in the order of tenths of mu A cm(-2)). The polarization resistance of all the samples increased with immersion time, in the sequence Ag-Pd < Heraenium NA < Heraenium CE. Yet, increased electrochemical activity was detected with SECM when the alloys were polarized at +0.40 VSCE, a value that may be eventually experienced in the human body. Although a passivation mechanism was still operating in the chromium-containing alloys, oxide dissolution and precipitation of corrosion products occurred on Ag-Pd instead.

Zastita materijala, 2021

In Modern medicine, metals and alloys are being used as implants. The Corrosion behaviour of various biomaterials under artificial body fluids are being studied. Artificial biomaterials are being implanted inside the human body to replace bone, teeth, etc. Even organs are being medically substituted with different types of metals such as mild steel, carbon steel, Ni-Cr alloy, Fe-Cr alloy, 22 carat Gold,24 carat Gold Tin, etc. due to their biocompatibility. This is achieved by connecting these metals directly with body tissues. The metals tend to corrode when it gets in contact with human body fluids. The body fluids thereby come in direct contact with tissues and the tissues are in contact with the metal thus causing the metal to corrode. And hence the corrosion resistance studies such as polarisation, AC impedance, cyclic voltammetric studies, etc, are being conducted in a medium like artificial blood plasma, artificial urine, artificial salvia, artificial sweat, Hank solution, Rin...

2014

Chapter 5: Electrochemical corrosion of 316L, Co-28Cr-6Mo, and Ti-6Al-4V in phosphate-buffered saline solutions and in the presence of BSA .

A biomaterial could be any material, which is designed for medical application inside human body for medical purposes such as treat, augment, repair or replace a tissue function of the body. And, these materials became very common in the ten recent years, and Ni-Ti alloys is considered as one of the metals that is used for biomedical applications. For long period, the biomaterials are very limited materials and these materials are very expensive such as bioinert titanium based alloys, stainless steel, alumina and zirconia ceramics. This research study focuses on the corrosion properties of both samples (Titanium and Stainless steel) in different corrosive environments such as NaCl, H 2 SO 4 and NaF, and investigates the microstructure before and after corrosive environments. And then, measuring the surface roughness with and without corrosive environments. Finally, XRD for both titanium and stainless steel samples are tested.

The aim of this research is to compare the electrochemical behaviour of two biomedical alloys, AISI 316L and CoCrMo in simulated body fluids. This comparison is focused on the influence of solution chemistry and immersion time on the passive behaviour using electrochemical techniques, potentiodynamic curves, potentiostatic tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).Influence of albumin, used as model protein, on both biomaterials depends on the nature of the alloy. It decreases the corrosion resistance of AISI 316L while increases the corrosion resistance of CoCrMo. Although it is known that it adsorbs on both alloys, properties of the passive layer modifies the effect of albumin. On the contrary, precipitation of phosphate ions could explain the highest resistance values in the phosphate solutions on both cases.The study shows that the electrochemical behaviour of CoCrMo shows higher transfer resistance and lower capacitance which means thicker and more protective passive films than AISI 316L. However, differences between both alloys disappear with time depending on the solution chemistry.