2002

As assigned by Al-Emara Engineering Consultants Office concerning herewith to prepare a physical planning study for Alrajmah area as one of the outskirts of Benghazi City prior to commencement of the required design work for the execution of 15000 residential units project. Such an execution can be comprehended in the framework of remedying the physical and urban problems, which the City has suffered for sometime.

2018

Sebha is the key and the most populated city in Fezzan, the South of Libya, and the main gateway between North and South. In 2018, it es􀆟matly hosts around 210,000 inhabitants constitu􀆟ng around 2/3rd of its governorate. It has experienced figh􀆟ng and damage, especially in 2011 and 2014. Most of the displaced were within the boundaries of the city and its immediate neighborhoods, accelerating the development of its informal settlements. 15,190 IDPs from Sebha outside the region has returned, cons􀆟tu􀆟ng today 7% of the population. This is while there are s􀆟ll 8,390 displaced IDPs. Sebha became also a major step on the migra􀆟on road from Africa to the North. 35,040 migrants were accounted for in August 2018 (18% of the municipality popula􀆟on), in an accelera􀆟ng trend. 89% of the migrants are from Africa, mainly Niger and Nigeria. Their humanitarian situation is a priority issue.

Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three, 2021

Resilience Journal, 2019

Wars result in the destruction of cities in many ways (Ballentine & Nitzschke, 2005; Brzoska & Fröhlich, 2016) that they not only stimulate vulnerabilities of cities but also decrease their resilience. The civil war in the city of Benghazi stared in 2011. This study aims to investigate both the multifaceted vulnerabilities of Benghazi resulted from war and some signs of resilience reactions against consequences of war. It attempts to compare before and after the war situations for various structures in the city including demographic, economic, social, spatial and environmental dimensions. To do this, it analyses written and visual documents such as master plans, satellite images and national/international reports. The study finds outs that the inhabitants of the city have economically developed resiliency strategies by creating new jobs. Moreover, the residents of Benghazi construct permeant or temporary houses at the outskirts of the city as a spatial resiliency reaction. However, this reaction results in urban sprawl in the city which consequently stir up the pressures on natural environmental in the city.

Dr. Nura Alfaidy, 2023

Urban planning involves cities and their urban growth with the primary function, from an architectural and economic standpoint in shaping and its impact on the identity of cities. However, it is a powerful way to reformulate city forms, define the shape of cities, and create their functions in order to generate urban economic growth that works at the local level of the city, besides satisfying and providing the repair, development, or construction and services required for the city's infrastructure structure, to highlight the features and the impact of the city's items and vocabulary on the shape and development of the city, to clarify the city's image and self-identity, and the urban planning as a process that has the ability to make decisions to achieve economic, social, cultural and environmental urban goals, by setting strategic visions of the city, to implement a set of basic principles in the mechanisms of work to set the first steps for reconstruction in terms of organizational procedures. So, the importance of the study and its justifications in the guiding principles in a framework to improve policies, plans, designs and comprehensive implementation processes that lead to the restoration of the city is more integrated, by more socially inclusive, and interconnected, promoting sustainable urban development, it embodies the goal in studying the guidelines, especially the city of Benghazi, which has a religious, historical and cultural character, as well as studying the techniques for planning new cities and the extent and development of it in other cities. From here, the main recommendations of urban planning for the city of Benghazi are drawn up by studying the new development in the urban design of other cities, while preserving its cultural, religious and historical fortunes. We can help the city to effectively direct urban demographic changes (growth or decline) and improve the quality of life in areas that have been affected by the war, and the guidelines should use a focus on redeveloping the affected areas according to institutional, urban and planning requirements and needs, by providing a system of rules and regulations is established that provides a legal framework for urban and long-term development, enforceability, and the ability to enforce the legal framework where applicable, therefore for correct and flexible urban planning and design. Special attention should be given to designing places that need to be redeveloped, such as narrow streets and places that lack squares and green squares. Preserving the city's landmarks because it is one of the main elements that contribute to generating the urban value of the city, while providing appropriate street patterns, linking and allocating open spaces.

The Libya Organisation of Policies and strategies ( LOOPS), 2017

This paper was written in 2016 and presented on a confrence about the issue of displacement in Libya. Intro: Internal displacement is among the main issues Libya is suffering from. It is an inevitable outcome of the ongoing armed conflicts in extended areas of the country. The exacerbating issue of displacement and its continuity since 2011 place it within the priorities related to achieving national reconciliation. In some cases, it represents a gesture of good will to end the conflicts between specific regions. In other cases, is it a necessary result to achieve reconciliation? The bad conditions of the displaced are the biggest motives to establish a national reconciliation and end the military conflict in the country. This paper tackles the issue of displaced persons in Libya. It was presented at a conference entitled "The issue of Displaced Persons..Challenges and Solutions" that was organized by the Libyan Organization Of Policies & Strategies (LOOPS) as part of its activities and scientific programs.

2007

Introduction to the Study * Sampling (quantitative & qualitative). * Selecting research assistants. * Setting interview schedule. * Conducting fieldwork in selected neighbourhoods. Analysis of the data gathered *Triangulation (combining quantitative and qualitative data gathered from documentary and empirical sources) Discussion, conclusions & recommendations *Research results; interpretation of key findings. *Drawing conclusions & Assessing implications. ý, 1_ ý , Chapter Two: Literature Review and Development of Relevant Concepts Literature Review Chapter (2) Chapter Two Literature Review and Development of Relevant Concepts

The Brookings Doha Center (BDC) hosted a panel discussion on April 21, 2015 regarding Libya’s displacement crisis amid the country’s ongoing violence.

Columbia MS Negotiation & Conflict Resolution Thesis, 2020

In post-2011 Libya, the historical gap between the traditional center and periphery of power continues to limit public budgets for local service provision and infrastructure building. Many citizens view the state as a 'vertically-integrated criminal enterprise, functioning as a nationwide patronage and extortion racket'. Both municipalities and informal governance structures have either become subservient agents of corruption or helpless agents of change, unable to fund basic water and electricity to its constituents. In this context, taking a deeper look at the urban social fabric of Benghazi, and understanding the social and political role of informal authorities is key, since these have often been sought to mediate local disputes, to provide for resources and protect communities, in instances of vacuums of state governance. In this context, a paramount element of engagement combines systemic wisdom vis-à-vis conflict dynamics, with a vision that harnesses the localized nature of the Libyan polity-i.e. the power of peripheral, informal non-state groups. This will prove crucial in finding practical pathways for communities to better cope (i.e. become more resilient), to help populations liberate themselves from an excessively survivalist mentality, by addressing needs concerns. This research endeavor aims to stand as a blueprint for the emergence of a vision for the future of local polities.

The Journal of International Security Affairs, 2013