2010

In this work, we created a thermodynamic probability model of ligand selection in solutions for the electrodeposition of alloys. A forecast was made for complex compounds for the electrodeposition of Cu–Co and Sn–Zn alloys and potential electrochemical synthesis of Cu–Co alloy from the solutions based on ammonia and glutamate complexes and Sn–Zn alloy from solutions containing fluoride complexes was experimentally confirmed.

2012

Based on a statistical analysis of the information on the composition of solutions for the electrodeposition of A–B alloys, a mathematical model is proposed that makes it possible to choose the preferable range of the total concentrations of ligands in solutions for alloy electrodeposition. The prediction by the model is verified by known and new experimental data.

2001

Optimal conditions for Sn and Co codeposition were achieved in slightly acid citrate solutions containing no excess of ligand. Sn±Co coatings were deposited with amounts of Co ranging from 15 to 86 mass %. Bright deposits were obtained when the Co content exceeded 76%. These coatings may be considered as solid solutions of tin in a-Co and b-Co. The b-Sn phase is predominant in the case of coatings containing less Co. Voltammograms of the partial processes of Sn(II) and Co(II) reduction may be described quantitatively with the proviso that SnL 2) and CoLH) are electrically active complexes.

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2001

The electrodeposition of tin + cobalt alloys from a slightly acidic sulfate±gluconate bath on both vitreous carbon and copper substrates has been studied for dierent [Sn(II)]/[Co(II)] ratios in the bath, varying between 1/10 and 1/2. A relationship between the electrochemical stripping analysis and the morphology of the deposits has been found. Two different types of deposit were obtained. At low [Sn(II)]/[Co(II)] ratios and relatively high deposition rates a nodular, cobalt-rich, nanocrystalline coating was obtained, while at high [Sn(II)]/[Co(II)] ratios and low deposition rates a new, well-de®ned tetragonal SnCo phase was obtained, with cell parameters of a 3.087 A Ê and c 5.849 A Ê . This structure favours hydrogen evolution.

TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY

This paper provides the calculation of the distribution of the concentrations of complex particles of the Sn(II)-citrate-water system in the solution volume, on the surface of the electrode, and in the diffusion layer for the tin citrate electrolyte containing an excess of the ligand. Based on the calculations for the electrodeposition of tin, an electrolyte containing [SnCit] 2− complex at pH 8.0 was chosen. The kinetic parameters of the discharge stage, the diffusion coefficient of the electrochemical active ion, and the current efficiency of tin were determined by the methods of stationary voltammetry and chronovoltamperometry. It is shown that the electroreduction of tin is governed by the laws of mixed kinetics and the transfer stage of the second electron is the limiting one. The discharge mechanism and the composition of the electroactive complex, which is [SnCit] 2− , are proposed. The current density of the deposition of tin coatings with different functional properties is determined as protective coatings and coatings of anodes of Li-ion accumulators.

Qagram g~ve-s the fields of stability of Fischer's mam types of electrodeposits as a function of two matn parameters the ratio of the current density to the ddkslon hmltmg current density (mass transfer) and the mtibition The diagram has been used at Umver& Llbre de Bruxelles as the bans for the chlonde electrodeposltlon of metals, for Hugh current density platmg and electrorefuung, and for mlttatmg research concemmg organic addrhves Important mdustnal applications have been derived,, especmlly m contmuous steel sheet electroplatmg The Qagram has also been useful for alloys electrodeposltlon New research areas include nucleation and lmtlal growth, substrate mflumced transition zone, thm film electroplatmg and electroformmg, accurate hydrodynamic charactenzatlon of electrolytic cells, organic additives and secondary mhlhtron studms under plant smmlatlon con&tronq metailograptic image analysis, mmro-and nanoalloys studies, tune dependent structures mvestlgatlon, and deposit to substrate adhesion

Journal of the …, 1997

In this study, Cu–Sn alloy was electrodeposited from aqueous electrolytic bath onto Mo electrode. Before electrodeposition, some calculations using MATLAB software to obtain the dominant complex of Cu–citrate in different pH values and cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments was performed. The potential range in which the alloy electrodeposition process could be carried out in a solution containing CuSO4, SnSO4, and Na3C6H5O7 was determined by CV. In addition, the effects of boric acid and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant on codeposition potential were studied. The microstructural properties and alloy composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. Alloy composition up to 49.5 at.% of Sn was obtained. Alloy composition of 33 at.% Sn corresponding to Cu2SnS3 was obtained at solution containing 0.04 M SnSO4, 0.02 M CuSO4 and 0.4 M Na3C6H5O7 at Potential -0.75 V.

Electrodeposition and Surface Finishing – Fundamentals and Applications, Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 57, S.S. Djokić (Ed.), Chapter 1, 1–84, 2014

Journal of Coatings …

M1 II–M2 II–M1 II type linear complexes (where M1 = Ni2+, Cu2+ and M2 = Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+ and Cd2+ were prepared and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. They were then electrodeposited on mild steel surfaces by the use of rotating disc electrodes. The deposition potentials ...