Location-specific forms of agroforestry management can reduce problems in the forest–water–people nexus, by balancing upstream and downstream interests, but social and ecological finetuning is needed. New ways of achieving shared understanding of the underlying ecological and social-ecological relations is needed to adapt and contextualize generic solutions. Addressing these challenges between thirteen cases of tropical agroforestry scenario development across three continents requires exploration of generic aspects of issues, knowledge and participative approaches. Participative projects with local stakeholders increasingly use ‘serious gaming’. Although helpful, serious games so far (1) appear to be ad hoc, case dependent, with poorly defined extrapolation domains, (2) require heavy research investment, (3) have untested cultural limitations and (4) lack clarity on where and how they can be used in policy making. We classify the main forest–water–people nexus issues and the types ...

Abstract In this paper we present an integrated approach to model the domain knowledge related to a framework and to map the identified domain models into objectoriented concepts. We applied this approach to three pilot projects. We discuss the problems we encountered in mapping domain models into objectoriented frameworks. Our experience indicates that deriving a framework from the related domain knowledge reduces the amount of framework refinement time considerably.

One of the most important principles in software engineering for coping with complexity and achieving quality software is the separation of concerns principle. This principle states that a given design problem involves different kinds of concerns, which should be identified and separated in different modules. The history of software development has experienced an evolution of different programming languages and design methods that have provided useful modularity mechanisms.

3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Object-oriented concepts 38 3.3 Object oriented software development 40 3.4 Problems in the state-of-the-art methods 43 3.4. 1 Problems related to the preparatory work 44 3.4. 2 Problems related to the structural relations 45 3.4. 3 Problems related to object interactions 46 3.5 The Composition-filters model 47 3.5. 1 The basic object model 48 3.5. 2 The Interface part 48 3.5. 3 The implementation part 50 3.5. 4 Inheritance and delegation 51 3.5. 5 Concurrency through input filters 53 3.5.

of herstructurering (refactoring) weer tot een goed ontwerp kunnen leiden waarbinnen elke module slechts één concern representeert. Indien we echter te maken hebben met aspecten, dan is elke herontwerppoging gedoemd te falen en zal de crosscutting persistent aanwezig blijven. Het feit dat aspecten niet zomaar in individuele modules zijn te representeren, leidt er indirect toe dat sommige modules meerdere concerns tegelijk bevatten die met elkaar zijn verweven (tangling).

Current and future trends in computer science require extensions to Smalltalk. Rather than arguing for particular language mechanisms to deal with specific requirements, in this position paper we want to make a case for two requirements that Smalltalk extensions should fulfill. The first is that the extensions must be integrated with Smalltalk without violating its basic object model.

ABSTRACT One of the basic pillars in Model-Driven Software Development (MDSD) is defined by model transformations and likewise several useful approaches have been proposed in this context. In parallel, domain modeling plays an essential role in MDSD to support the definition of concepts in the domain, and support the model transformation process. In this paper, we will discuss the results of an e-government project for the generation of e-forms from feature models.

Aspect-oriented software development (AOSD) is an advanced paradigm for separation of concerns (SOC) in software development, which provides explicit concepts to modularize so-called crosscutting concerns. After being accepted both by a broad community of researchers and the industry it is now getting introduced in courses in universities. This paper describes the experiences of the graduate course Aspect-Oriented Software Development that was introduced at Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey.

Abstract Product-line engineering aims to reduce the cost of manufacturing of software products by exploiting their common properties. Obviously, to define a product line, the product alternatives that need to be produced must be identified first. This is generally realized either by a product requirements analysis or a domain analysis process.

Abstract. This paper describes an approach for the analysis of crosscutting in model transformations in the Model Driven Architecture (MDA). Software architectures should be amenable to changes in user requirements and technological platforms. Impact analysis of changes can be based on traceability of architectural design elements. Design elements have dependencies with other software artifacts but also evolve in time. Crosscutting dependencies may have a strong influence on modifiability of software architectures.

Abstract Software is rarely designed for ultimate adaptability or performance but rather it is a compromise of multiple considerations. At almost every stage of the software development lifecycle, software engineers have to cope with various design alternatives. Current object-oriented design practices, however, rely mainly on the intrinsic quality factors of the object-oriented abstractions rather than considering quality factors as explicit design concerns.

Abstract: Several Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) for teaching imperative languages have been built up until now. However, most of them only teach one particular programming language. Moreover, they lack modular composability, that is, existing components of the available ITSs can hardly be reused to create a new ITS. Furthermore, introducing new problems or feedback requires a lot of effort and expertise.

Abstract When multiple aspects are composed undesired behavior may emerge due to the interference of aspects. Different interference management approaches have been proposed including detection and resolution of the conflicting aspects. It appears that the majority of the existing approaches have basically focused on functional correctness, whereby orderings of aspects are evaluated with respect to assumed contractual specification.