Books by Priscilla Roberts
Voices of World War I: Contemporary Accounts of Daily Life, 2023
Bringing together a diverse collection of primary source documents, this book illuminates the eve... more Bringing together a diverse collection of primary source documents, this book illuminates the events and experiences of World War I from a variety of perspectives, from soldiers on the front lines to civilians supporting the war effort at home. Part of Bloomsbury's Voices of an Era series, this carefully curated collection highlight the wartime experiences of a diverse array of individuals from around the globe. In addition to covering major military innovations and turning points, documents explore how issues of gender, race,diplomacy, and empire building impacted individuals' experience of the Great War. Each of the 42 documents includes contextual information and thought-provoking questions to guide readers in their exploration of the text. In addition to high-interest sidebars, in-text glossary definitions, biographical snapshots of key figures, and a comprehensive chronology of the war, the book also includes a guide to evaluating and interpreting primary sources that bolsters readers' analytical and critical thinking skills. Although it was nicknamed "the war to end all wars," World War I heralded the start of modernday conflicts. The human toll of the Great War was immense-an estimated 9 million soldiers died on the battlefield, while more than 5 million civilians died as the result of military actions, disease, or famine. In the wake of World War I, empires crumbled and new nations won their independence. Although the events and aftermath of World War I happened on an epic scale, the conflict is best understood through the human lens provided by these primary sources.
This volume focuses on Chinese economic statecraft during the first decade of Deng Xiaoping’s ref... more This volume focuses on Chinese economic statecraft during the first decade of Deng Xiaoping’s reform and opening-up policies, from 1978 to 1989. During these years, Chinese economic engagement with the external world was tentative and experimental, with long-term strategies still decidedly under development. Prominent topics covered are China’s efforts to steer an economic course tailored to and representing what Deng Xiaoping famously described as “socialism with Chinese characteristics”; China’s quest for advanced science and technology; China’s dealings with international economic institutions, especially the World Bank; China’s engagement with other powers, including Japan, the United States, the ASEAN nations, and Europe; and the role of non-governmental organizations, including foreign policy think tanks, exchange groups, and educational institutions, in developing Chinese economic thinking and methodology during this decade. Contributors also focus on how elements of the Chinese military turned to building China’s new economic infrastructure, and on Chinese efforts to break into foreign markets. The volume ends with an overview and reassessment of earlier findings on Chinese economic statecraft in these years, by one of the leading Chinese experts on the PRC’s international policy.
China, Hong Kong, and the Long 1970s: Global Perspectives, 2017
This book explores the forces that impelled China, the world’s largest socialist state, to make m... more This book explores the forces that impelled China, the world’s largest socialist state, to make massive changes in its domestic and international stance during the long 1970s. Fourteen distinguished scholars investigate the special, perhaps crucial part that the territory of Hong Kong played in encouraging and midwifing China’s relationship with the non-Communist world. The Long 1970s were the years when China moved dramatically and decisively toward much closer relations with the non-Communist world. In the late 1970s, China also embarked on major economic reforms, designed to win it great power status by the early twenty-first centuries. The volume addresses the long-term implications of China’s choices for the outcome of the Cold War and in steering the global international outlook toward free-market capitalism. Decisions made in the 1970s are key to understanding the nature and policies of the Chinese state today and the worldview of current Chinese leaders.
“By gathering a group of both eminent and promising young scholars, this volume edited by Priscilla Roberts and Odd Arne Westad presents a series of fresh perspectives and revealing studies on why and how developments in Chinese politics, economy, society, culture, and international relations in the critical yet paradoxical “Long 1970s” had led to China’s embrace of the Reform and Opening-up Project, bringing about profound transformations to China as well as the larger world.” (Chen Jian, Distinguished Global Network Professor of History, New York University and NYU-Shanghai; Hu Shih Professor Emeritus, Cornell University, USA)
“The “long 1970s” – a period of near “existential crisis” in the West and real anguish and transformative change in China. This original volume considers these two inter-related historical processes in the watershed of the late 20th century. The death of Mao, Deng Xiaoping’s rise and second revolution, and bewildering changes domestically and in international affairs transformed China. China and the world have not been the same since. These excellent studies open a new field of investigation in China studies.” (Gordon H. Chang, Stanford University, USA, author “Fateful Times: A History of America’s Preoccupation with China” (2015))
I regret to say that this book is not available in China, thanks to Springer Nature/ Palgrave Macmillan's exceptionally broadbrush censorship of its publications for the China market. It was one of the more than 100,000 items ("less than 1 percent" of their content) that were blocked in Springer's China offerings. It is also a book worth reading!
The Cold War was a distinct and crucial period in Hong Kong's evolution and in its relations with... more The Cold War was a distinct and crucial period in Hong Kong's evolution and in its relations with China and the rest of the world. Hong Kong was a window through which the West could monitor what was happening in China and an outlet that China could use to keep in touch with the outside world. Exploring the many complexities of Cold War politics from a global and interdisciplinary perspective, Hong Kong in the Cold War shows how Hong Kong attained and honed a pragmatic tradition that bridged the abyss between such opposite ideas as capitalism and communism, thus maintaining a compromise between China and the rest of the world.
The chapters are written by nine leading international scholars and address issues of diplomacy and politics, finance and economics, intelligence and propaganda, refugees and humanitarianism, tourism and popular culture, and their lasting impact on Hong Kong. Far from simply describing a historical period, these essays show that Hong Kong's unique Cold War experience may provide a viable blueprint for modern-day China to develop a similar model of good governance and may in fact hold the key to the successful implementation of the One Country Two Systems idea.
Hong Kong’s Twentieth Century: The Global Setting
Wang Gungwu
Prologue Cold War Hong Kong: The Foundations
Priscilla Roberts
Chapter 1 Cold War Hong Kong: Juggling Opposing Forces and Identities
Priscilla Roberts
Chapter 2 Hong Kong’s Enduring Global Business Relations
David R. Meyer
Chapter 3 Hong Kong and the Cold War in the 1950s
Tracy Steele
Chapter 4 The American Cold War in Hong Kong, 1949-1960: Intelligence and Propaganda
Lu Xun
Chapter 5 Crisis and Opportunity: The Work of Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals Inc. (ARCI) in Hong Kong and Beyond
Glen Peterson
Chapter 6 Hong Kong as an International Tourism Space: The Politics of American Tourism in the 1960s
Chi-Kwan Mark
Chapter 7 “Reel Sisters” and Other Diplomacy: Cathay Studios and Cold War Cultural Production
Stacilee Ford
Chapter 8 Hong Kong as a Global Frontier: Between China, Asia, and the World
Prasenjit Duara
Afterword Cold War Hong Kong: A Path to the Future?
Priscilla Roberts
Index
![Research paper thumbnail of Ed. The Power of Culture: Encounters between China and the United States. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016. xlvii + 556 pp. [Author of “Introduction,” xvi-xlvii.]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52159798/thumbnails/1.jpg)
by Priscilla Roberts, Lv Qingguang, Zhang Qingheng, Zhang Yang, Xiao Huan, James McDougall, Tang Jie, Shan Mu Zhao, Zhang Guoxi, Guo Shilei, Ye Ying, Liqun Liu, and Teng Jimeng The Power of Culture: Encounters Between China and the United States
China and the United States, two massive economic and military powers, cannot avoid engaging with... more China and the United States, two massive economic and military powers, cannot avoid engaging with each other. Enjoying what is often termed the most important bilateral relationship in the world, the two sometimes cooperate, but often compete, as their interests come into conflict. Both countries are separated not just by the Pacific Ocean, but also by their very different histories, experiences, societies, customs, and outlooks. Non-governmental, unofficial relationships and exchanges are often as important as formal dealings in determining the climate of Sino-American relations. For several decades in the mid-twentieth century, Chinese and Americans were virtually isolated from each other, trapped in icy hostility. Chinese scholars are now making up for lost time. This assortment of essays, most by mainland Chinese academics and students, focuses upon the role of culture very broadly defined in Sino-American affairs. Taking a holistic approach, in this collection over thirty authors focus on such topics as the influence of ideology, the impact of geopolitics, the use of rhetoric, soft power, educational encounters and exchanges, immigration, gender, race, identity, literature, television, movies, music, and the press. Cultural factors are, as the authors demonstrate, enormously significant in affecting how Chinese and Americans think about and approach each other, both as individuals and at the state level.
For further details of the two American Studies Network conferences on which most of this volume is based, see the US-China Education Trust website:
http://www.uscet.org/2013-annual-american-studies-network-conference-10th-anniversary
http://www.uscet.org/2014-annual-american-studies-network-conference
Preface ....................................................................................................... xii
Julia Chang Bloch
Introduction .............................................................................................. xvi
The Power of Culture: Encounters between China and the United States
Priscilla Roberts
Part I: Perspectives on Sino-American Relations
Chapter One ................................................................................................. 2
Geopolitics and Cultural Ambitions: The Evolution of US Strategy
in East Asia
Lv Qingguang
Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 14
Balancing Ideology, Strategy, and National Interests: The Reagan
Administration’s China Policies, 1981-1989
Kong Lingyu
Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 69
Recurrent Themes in American Presidential War Rhetoric
Zhang Yuan
Chapter Four .............................................................................................. 78
The Evolution of John Winthrop’s Views on American Indians
Yang Yingrun
Chapter Five ............................................................................................ 100
Words, Views, Moods, and Culture: The Obama Administration
Addresses China, January-November 2014
Mei Renyi
vi Table of Contents
Chapter Six .............................................................................................. 123
Challenging American Cultural Primacy: A New Chinese Long March
Qiu Linguang
Chapter Seven .......................................................................................... 136
How US Think Tanks Influence Cultural Security
Xiao Huan
Part II: Educational Exchanges
Chapter Eight ........................................................................................... 148
Cultural Cold War: The American Role in Establishing the Chinese
University of Hong Kong (CUHK)
Zhang Yang
Chapter Nine ............................................................................................ 170
The Impact of Cultural Exchange Programs on How Participants
Perceive their Host Countries
Chen Peiqin, Wu Ying and Pan Ji
Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 181
The Effects of China-US Exchange Programs on the Professional
Advancement of Chinese Participants: Evidence from Fulbright
Alumni in Beijing and Tianjin
Fu Meirong and Zhao Xin
Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 202
The Image of the Confucius Institutes in US Newspaper Reports
Ye Ying
Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 224
You Can See the Tree, Even in a Forest: Transforming Learning
Paradigms for Global Leadership
Rick J. Arrowood and Eva Kampits
Chapter Thirteen ...................................................................................... 228
ACCEX: Collaboration in Sino-American Cultural Understanding
Kathryn Mohrman
The Power of Culture vii
Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 233
US Educational NGOs and the Implications of Cultural Diplomacy
in China: The Case Study of the US-China Education Trust
Ni Jianping and Pan Yu
Chapter Fifteen ........................................................................................ 237
American Studies in China Today: Past, Present, and Future
Liu Jianfeng
Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 254
Transnational American Studies Today: The United States and China
Shelley Fisher Fishkin
Part III: Cultural Encounters: Representations, Appropriations,
and Interpretations
Chapter Seventeen ................................................................................... 276
Globalization of US National Culture: From Asian Abjection
to Guangdong Gothic
James Innis McDougall
Chapter Eighteen ..................................................................................... 294
Americanizing Female Immigrants in California, 1915-1924
Zhang Qingheng
Chapter Nineteen ..................................................................................... 324
Imagining the Phoenix Metaphor: From Chinese Culture to Chinese
American Culture and Sensibility
Wang Hui
Chapter Twenty ....................................................................................... 336
Crisis and Reconstruction of Cultural Identity: American Born Chinese
in The Joy Luck Club
Tang Jie
Chapter Twenty-One ............................................................................... 346
Going Global: Gender Across East-West Divides
Clara Juncker
viii Table of Contents
Chapter Twenty-Two ............................................................................... 357
Fei Cheng Wu Rao on Two Shores: Rethinking Dual Domination
Through China’s Transnational Matchmaking Show
Shan Mu Zhao
Chapter Twenty-Three ............................................................................. 378
Americanization of a Chinese Pastime? US Television Shows
and Cultural Consumption in China
Li Ye
Chapter Twenty-Four .............................................................................. 388
American Television Shows and Chinese Audiences: Cross-Cultural
Readings of The Good Wife
Huang Xiaoqu
Chapter Twenty-Five ............................................................................... 401
Promoting the “American Dream”: Hollywood Movies and US Soft Power
Li Yang and Xu Lili
Chapter Twenty-Six ................................................................................. 409
Blockbuster Dreams: Chimericanization in American Dreams in China
and Finding Mr. Right
Stacilee Ford
Chapter Twenty-Seven ............................................................................ 428
Why America Must Save the World: Captain America and His Enemies
Zhang Guoxi
Chapter Twenty-Eight ............................................................................. 445
Lost in Translation? Transnational American Rock Music of the Sixties
and Its Misreading in 1980s China
Teng Jimeng
Chapter Twenty-Nine .............................................................................. 466
The Effects of US Media News on Chinese Readers’ Political Trust
Guo Shilei
Chapter Thirty ......................................................................................... 477
US Media Representations of Chinese Women and Gender Issues
in China: The Case Study of the New York Times
Liu Liqun and Chen Zhijuan
The Power of Culture ix
Chapter Thirty-One ................................................................................. 499
Charm Offensive 2013: Comparative Chinese and American Media
Coverage of Peng Liyuan’s First Two International Tours
Zhai Zheng
![Research paper thumbnail of Ed. Going Soft? The US and China Go Global. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014). lxi + 576 pp. [Author of “Introduction,” xvi-lxi; and “Soft Power in Sino-American Relations,” 122-140.]](https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg)
Going Soft? The US and China Go Global
What is "soft power"? How can a country acquire and enjoy it? Is it the product of public or priv... more What is "soft power"? How can a country acquire and enjoy it? Is it the product of public or private initiatives? How significant is "soft power" in world affairs? The concept of "soft power," the idea that international success depends not just upon weaponry, force, and military coercion, but also on admiration and respect for a country's culture and way of life, is winning ever-greater global attention. As China enjoys ever-increasing heft on the global scene, many Chinese officials seek to emulate the past success of the United States in dominating the world, not simply militarily, but in terms of influence and prestige. Most are very conscious that "soft power" can be extremely valuable in terms of supplementing and boosting their country's military and strategic position, but are often uncertain as to how to deploy the instruments of propaganda and cultural diplomacy most effectively. The essays in this volume, largely written by scholars based in mainland China, represent an extended effort to debate and assess the theoretical concept of "soft power" and just what it means and how it works in practice. The authors focus upon the practical impact and implications of "soft power" in diverse settings and situations in the United States past and present. How, they ask, does "soft power" relate to issues of religion, gender, race, and social equality, at home and abroad? What do American elections and political rhetoric do for American "soft power"? Will China succeed in rivalling the United States in power, whether hard, soft, or smart? And how will "soft power" feature in US-China relations, present and future?
For further details of the two American Studies Network conferences on which this volume is largely based, see the US-China Education Trust website, at:
http://www.uscet.org/asn-annual-meeting-2011
http://www.uscet.org/2012-annual-american-studies-network-conference
See also:
https://www.amazon.com/Going-Soft-Us-China-Global/dp/1443856681/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1489554697&sr=1-1&keywords=going+soft+priscilla+roberts#reader_1443856681
https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1443859427
https://books.google.com/books?id=rpoxBwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=power+of+culture+priscilla+roberts&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIvo_-39fSAhUMf7wKHdxFBD0Q6AEIIDAB#v=onepage&q=power%20of%20culture%20priscilla%20roberts&f=false
Preface / Julia Chang Bloch xiii
Introduction Going Soft? The US and China go Global / Priscilla Roberts xvi
pt. I Chinese Reflections on Soft Power
ch. One China's Soft Power and its Peaceful Rise as an Aspiring World Power: A Critical Assessment / Shi Yinhong 2
ch. Two Readjustments in US Pacific Strategy: China's Regional Options / Dai Changzheng 11
ch. Three American Competitiveness, American Soft Power / Kong Xiangyong 25
ch. Four Limitations of Soft Power / Kong Qingshan 51
ch. Five Potent Though Hard to Identify: Soft Power in China and the United States / Ma Xing 56
ch. Six Soft Power as a Soft-Balancing Tool: The European Union and China / Sun Yu 61
ch. Seven The China Model and the Decline of American Soft Power / Wang Li 72
pt. II Soft Power in International Practice
ch. Eight Soft Power and the Challenge of Social Equality / Sonya Michel 90
ch. Nine Cold War Cultural Representations: The Films of Charles and Ray Eames / Eric Schuldenfrei 108
ch. Ten Soft Power in Sino-American Relations / Priscilla Roberts 122
ch. Eleven Soft Containment: US Psychological Warfare Against China in the 1950s and 1960s / Guo Yonghu 141
ch. Twelve US Double Standards in Evaluating Human Rights in Tibet / Zhang Yuling 159
ch. Thirteen China's Soft Power and Political Credibility: An Analysis of International Reports of the July 23 Train Wreck in China / Sun Yu 187
ch. Fourteen Confucius: Cultural Icon of Chinese Cuisine in Post-Second World War America / Zhang Tao 196
ch. Fifteen Agency and Global Hypergamy: A Glimpse of Chinese Mail-Order Brides / Wu Xiaoping 211
ch. Sixteen Tiger Mothers and Diplomatic Fathers: Amy Chua and Henry Kissinger "On China" / Staci Ford 224
pt. III Soft Power and Social Questions in the United States
ch. Seventeen Sources of Power: Soft Power and the American Reform Tradition / Lv Qingguang 246
ch. Eighteen The Provincial Congresses in the Early American Revolution, 1774-1776 / Wang Bin 252
ch. Nineteen Inherent Contradictions in Jacksonian Democracy / Li Yang 268
ch. Twenty S̀oft Power' in American Foreign Expansion in the 1890s / Wang Jianhong 276
ch. Twenty-One American Liberalism and the Transformation of Single-Parent Families in the 1960s / Lv Hongyan 281
ch. Twenty-Two Interest Groups and Race-Conscious University Admissions / Yang Kui 290
ch. Twenty-Three Religion's Uneasy Place: Religious Engagement and Religious Freedom in American Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy / Brie Loskota 303
ch. Twenty-Four The Role of Protestantism in Enhancing Social Equality in the United States During the Progressive Era / Zhang Lei 314
ch. Twenty-Five Marginal Religions and Women's Rights in America / Yao Guigui 330
ch. Twenty-Six Religion, Diaspora and Hybrid Identity: Literary Representation in a Coming-of-Age Narrative / Lin Ling 339
ch. Twenty-Seven The Bird that Would Soar Above Tradition and Prejudice: The Inevitability of Edna's Death in The Awakening / Ye Ying 351
ch. Twenty-Eight Feminist Subjectivity and Independence in A Rose for Emily / Zhou Liyun 369
pt. IV American Presidential Politics as Seen from China
ch. Twenty-Nine Research on Freedom: The Past Decade / Yang Ming 380
ch. Thirty Liberty and Democracy in Presidential Inaugural Addresses, 1949-2012 / Qin Huifang 393
ch. Thirty-One A Tripartite Game: The Emergence of Horse-Race Coverage in the 1988 Democratic Primaries / Jiang Qingshuang 410
ch. Thirty-Two Continuity and Change: American Mainline Religious Denominations and the 2008 Presidential Election / Liu Xianming 422
ch. Thirty-Three Religion as a Factor in the 2012 Presidential Election / Zhang Yuan 431
ch. Thirty-Four Race in the 2012 Elections: Asian American Voting Patterns and Candidates / Huang Xiaoqu 441
ch. Thirty-Five Income Inequality and Partisan Polarization: A Cross-Sectional View / Tao Jingting 480
ch. Thirty-Six Competing to Reach Across the Aisle: Bipartisanship and Leadership in the 2012 Election / Xiong Yingzhe 498
ch. Thirty-Seven The Course of Governance of the Obama Administration: Re-Reading the Four State of the Union Messages / Mei Renyi 510
ch. Thirty-Eight Farewell, 2012! The Declining Chinese Image and its Impact on US-China Issues During the 2012 US Presidential Campaign / Zhang Zhexin 528
Drawing together a wide variety of primary source documents from across the United States, Europe... more Drawing together a wide variety of primary source documents from across the United States, Europe, and Asia, this book illuminates the events and experiences of World War II―the most devastating war in human history.
• A chronology lists all major events of World War II
• A bibliography provides an up-do-date selection of basic books, Internet sources, and movies and television series on World War II
• A glossary defines key World War II terms and phrases
• Extensive commentary, contextual information, and guiding questions accompany each document
![Research paper thumbnail of Ed. China Views Nine-Eleven: Essays in Transnational American Studies. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishers, 2011. xi + 525 pp. [Author of “Introduction,” 1-36; and “9/11 as Diplomatic Milestone and Turning Point,” 111-125.]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/52029274/thumbnails/1.jpg)
China Views Nine-Eleven: Essays in Transnational American Studies
The events of September 11, 2001, had reverberations which were felt across the world, not just i... more The events of September 11, 2001, had reverberations which were felt across the world, not just in the United States. In their aftermath the United States refocused its foreign policies, a process that had a major impact upon the Asia Pacific region, especially China. In this cross-disciplinary collection of essays, almost two dozen scholars, the majority of them from China, range across a wide spectrum of issues to address just how Nine-Eleven affected the United States globally and at home. Different authors discuss non-Americans images of the United States, the nation s international position and policies, the mindset and influence of neo-conservatives, American internal politics, debates over immigration, the cultural repercussions of Nine-Eleven for television, literature, drama, art, and music, and the implications of efforts to commemorate the events of September 11, 2001. Uniting all these essays is the effort to view the events of September 11, 2001, not in isolation but in a much broader context, a framework encompassing the entire sweep of US involvement in the world since the seventeenth century, and the country s political, intellectual, cultural, and literary history and traditions. The dialogue among them produces a complicated and fruitful dialectical network of cross-fertilization across different areas, a stimulating and intricate cat's cradle from which the enterprising reader may draw new and profitable intellectual discoveries.
Preface ......................................................................................................... x
Julia Chang Bloch
Introduction ................................................................................................. 1
China Views Nine-Eleven
Priscilla Roberts
Part I: The International Setting
Chapter One............................................................................................... 38
The Decline in the American Global Image Since 9/11
Mei Renyi
Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 77
Anti-Americanism in the Post-9/11 Era
Liu Mingzheng
Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 96
Continuities in American Empire: The Nineteenth-Century Inheritance
and the Return of History
Ian Tyrrell
Chapter Four ............................................................................................ 111
9/11 as Diplomatic Milestone and Turning Point
Priscilla Roberts
Chapter Five ............................................................................................ 126
Fluctuations and Adjustments in American Soft Power
After September 11, 2001
Xiao Huan
vi Table of Contents
Chapter Six .............................................................................................. 136
Failed Empire: The United States in the Post-Iraq War Era
Zhao Baomin
Chapter Seven.......................................................................................... 153
New Structures of American Foreign Strategy since September 11, 2001:
Seeking Cooperation with Asia-Pacific Countries
Qiu Huafei
Chapter Eight........................................................................................... 170
9/11 and American Neo-Conservatives
Li Zhidong
Chapter Nine............................................................................................ 206
Neo-Conservatives and Nation-Building
Shi Hongshen and Wang Enming
Part II: The American Scene: Domestic Politics
Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 224
American Electoral Politics: The Impact of September 11, 2001
Zhang Liping
Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 244
Party Polarization in Congress: Change and Continuity After 9/11
Xie Tao
Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 271
Presidential Practices After 9/11: Changes and Continuities
Daniel Galvin
Chapter Thirteen...................................................................................... 305
Evolving Post-9/11 Relations between the US Presidency and Congress
Yuan Jirong
Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 320
The Case Study of Illinois: The Impact of the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks
on Separation of Powers in the United States
Wang Yulan
China Views Nine-Eleven vii
Chapter Fifteen ........................................................................................ 350
Samuel P. Huntington’s Who Are We? and the Prevailing Deadlock
in US Immigration
Mei Renyi and Chen Juebin
Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 383
Paradox Unraveled: US Immigration after the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks
Jia Ning
Part III: The Cultural Impact
Chapter Seventeen ................................................................................... 402
Three Perspectives on 9/11: Entertainment, Politics, Mentality
John G. Blair
Chapter Eighteen ..................................................................................... 422
Ground Zero: Cultural Repercussions of 9/11
Alfred Hornung
Chapter Nineteen ..................................................................................... 434
History, Memory, and Fragmentation: Toward a Dialectical
and Allegorical Vision of Commemorating 9/11
Kit Lam
Chapter Twenty ....................................................................................... 456
From Complacency to Culpability: Conflict and Death in Post-9/11 Film
Michele Aaron
Chapter Twenty-One ............................................................................... 471
No Direction Home: Protest Music at a Crossroads since 9/11
Teng Jimeng
History of International Relations, Diplomacy and Intelligence, 13 (History of International Rela... more History of International Relations, Diplomacy and Intelligence, 13 (History of International Relations Library, 13) For the first four decades of the twentieth century Philip Kerr, the Eleventh Marquess of Lothian, hovered on the fringes of power in Britain. As a commentator on public affairs, private secretary to Liberal prime minister David Lloyd George, secretary to the Rhodes Trust, Liberal peer, and ambassador to the United States at the beginning of World War II, Lothian's greatest interest was in preserving and strengthening the British Empire and building close bonds with the United States. This international collection of essays by seven scholars explores Lothian's impact on Anglo-American relations and his role, behind the scenes and as a government official, in forging what would eventually become known as the "special relationship." Table of Contents PREFACE INTRODUCTION The Making of an Atlanticist: Philip Kerr, 1882-1921 Priscilla Roberts CHAPTER ONE Lord Lothian, Russia, and Ideas for a New International Order, 1916-1922 Keith Neilson CHAPTER TWO Philip Kerr, the Irish Question, and Anglo-American Relations, 1916-1921 Melanie Sayers CHAPTER THREE The Interwar Philip Lothian Priscilla Roberts CHAPTER FOUR Lord Lothian, the Far East, and Anglo-American Strategic Relations, 1934-1941 Greg Kennedy CHAPTER FIVE Lord Lothian's Ambassadorship in Washington August 1939-December 1940 J. Simon Rofe CHAPTER SIX Creating a Sense of Criticality: 'Lothian's Method' and the Evolution of U.S. Wartime Aid to Britain Gavin Bailey CHAPTER SEVEN Lothian and the Problem of Relative Decline David P. Billington, Jr. CONCLUSION The Final Stage Priscilla Roberts BIBLIOGRAPHY INFORMATION ON CONTRIBUTORS INDEX About the Author(s)/Editor(s) Priscilla Roberts, Ph.D. (1981) in History, King's College, Cambridge, has published extensively on twentieth-century international history and Anglo-American diplomacy.
Thirty Years of American Studies in China: A Report by Chinese Scholars for the US-China Education Trust
This report was commissioned by the US-China Education Trust. 9 chapters written by 12 leading C... more This report was commissioned by the US-China Education Trust. 9 chapters written by 12 leading Chinese scholars survey and summarize the previous thirty years of scholarship in a wide range of fields of American Studies in mainland China, since the reopening of diplomatic relations in 1978.
Two chapters, Li Jianming, Part IV, Thirty Years of Research in American History in China, and Wang Xiaode, Part V, Thirty Years of Research in American Diplomatic History in China, were published in the Journal of Transnational American Studies 3:1 (January 2011). Links are provided.
On USCET, see the website:
http://uscet.org/program-directory?field_program_current_past_value=All&field_program_area_tid=258&__utma=1.1462463110.1485405752.1485405752.1489549802.2&__utmb=1.1.10.1489549802&__utmc=1&__utmx=-&__utmz=1.1485405752.1.1.utmcsr=google|utmccn=(organic)|utmcmd=organic|utmctr=(not%20provided)&__utmv=-&__utmk=184874409
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………… 1
Priscilla Roberts
Chapter One
Thirty Years of American History Research in China ………………………………..…………10
Li Jianming
Chapter Two
Thirty Years of Research in American Diplomatic History in China ……………………….… 26
Wang Jiaode
Chapter Three
Thirty Years of Studying the History of Sino-US Relations ……………………………...…… 43
Tao Wenzhao
Chapter Four
Studies of American Politics in China Over the Past Thirty Years ……………………………. 61
Zhang Liping
Chapter Five
Chinese Studies of the US Economy and Sino-US Economic Relations ……………...………. 84
in the Past Thirty Years
Wang Rongjun
Chapter Six
American Military Studies in China in the Past Thirty Years ……………………...………….. 93
Xu Hui and Wang Haili
Chapter Seven
Chinese Studies of American Education in the Past Thirty Years ……………………………. 108
Ye Fugui
Chapter Eight
Thirty Years of American Social and Cultural Studies in China ……………………….……. 133
Ji Hong
Chapter Nine
Chinese Studies of American Literature and Culture in the Past Thirty Years ………………. 147
Jiang Ningkang, Zhang Zan, and Wang Lin
Bridging the Sino-American Divide: American Studies with Chinese Characteristics
Within China, the discipline of American Studies spans a wide variety of concerns and preoccupati... more Within China, the discipline of American Studies spans a wide variety of concerns and preoccupations, reflecting its practical diversity in a transnational setting. Essays in this volume by close to forty scholars, the majority most of them based in mainland China, reflect on the past history and current teaching of American Studies within China, placing these in comparative perspectives. The nature of globalization, the transmission of ideas and practices across cultural boundaries, the formulation and meaning of identity in cross-national communications, constitute major themes in contemporary American Studies in China. For officials and commentators alike, the past, present, and future state of Sino-American relations are also an overriding preoccupation of China’s America-watchers. Overall, this collection allows the reader to sample and appreciate the state of the field of American Studies in today’s China.
Fulltext can be accessed on Researchgate, at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301764169_Bridging_the_Sino-American_Divide_American_Studies_with_Chinese_Characteristics
Additional information and also some papers available online from the US-China Education Trust:
http://uscet.org/asn-publications-and-past-asn-conference-papers
http://uscet.org/programs/asn-annual-conferences-and-events
http://uscet.org/asn-annual-meeting-2006
Portions of the text are available online, through Amazon or Google Scholar, at:
https://www.amazon.com/Bridging-Sino-American-Divide-American-Characteristics/dp/1847183174/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1489550413&sr=1-2&keywords=bridging+the+sino-American+divide#reader_1847183174
https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1443811483
https://books.google.com/books?id=xmYZBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA277&dq=bridging+the+sino-american+divide&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi--87wz9fSAhVJG5QKHRIUBdgQ6AEIGTAA#v=onepage&q=bridging%20the%20sino-american%20divide&f=false
http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/58058
Preface....................................................................................................... xii
Julia Chang Bloch
Acknowledgments .................................................................................... xiv
Introduction ................................................................................................. 1
American Studies with Chinese Characteristics
Priscilla Roberts
Part I: China and American Studies
Chapter One............................................................................................... 42
How Far Along the Road to Mutual Understanding Have We Come?
Zi Zhongyun
Chapter Two.............................................................................................. 48
Localizing the Global: Shifting Centers, Chinese Ideology,
and American Studies
Wang Jianping
Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 59
American Studies in China: The Case Study of the Center for
American Studies, Fudan University
Sun Zhe
Chapter Four.............................................................................................. 76
Getting-Across: Course Design in “Major Issues
in American History and Culture”
Zhang Chong
Chapter Five .............................................................................................. 90
The American Studies Program of Sichuan University
Cheng Xilin
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
Chapter Six................................................................................................ 98
How Chinese University Students Understand American Values
Qiu Wangsheng
Chapter Seven.......................................................................................... 105
“Transnationalism and America,” the Lingnan Foundation,
and Innovative Teaching in China
Gordon E. Slethaug
Chapter Eight........................................................................................... 118
In/Visible Histories (China): Documentary Film,
Historical Memory, Interdisciplinary Inquiry, and Community Service
Gina Marchetti and Karsten Krüger
Chapter Nine............................................................................................ 128
A Survey of the Centre of American Studies, University of Hong Kong,
and Mainland Studies of Sino-US Relations
Zheng Hua
Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 145
Transitional Period Booms: The Study of William Faulkner in China
Feng Yi
Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 152
American Studies and Chinese Nation Studies Compared
Pan Weijuan
Commentary ............................................................................................ 163
Mei Renyi
Part II: Informal Sino-US Bridges: Literature, Popular Culture,
and the Personal
Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 170
Soft Power and American Diplomacy
Paul Levine
Chapter Thirteen...................................................................................... 182
The Implications of Ethnocentrism: Intercultural Communication
in the Sino-American Context
Wang Shijing
BRIDGING THE SINO-AMERICAN DIVIDE vii
Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 190
McDonald’s Democracy: A Cultural Perspective
Wang Qingjiang and Zhang Yijun
Chapter Fifteen........................................................................................ 212
Assimilating the American Alien in Localizing McDonald’s
Jiang Ningkang
Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 237
A Journey to Take: The Academic and Cultural Construction
of Chinese Teaching Assistants in American Universities
Meng Yaru and Li Huajun
Chapter Seventeen................................................................................... 260
Postmodern American-ness in Gish Jen’s Typical American
Zhang Xin
Chapter Eighteen ..................................................................................... 270
The Limits of Feminism: A US-Chinese Comparison
Susan Armitage
Chapter Nineteen..................................................................................... 277
Changed by the Encounter: Women Who Bridge the Sino-American
Divide
Staci Ford
Chapter Twenty ....................................................................................... 289
The Chinese Exclusion Act and Chinese Women
Yu Tingming
Chapter Twenty-One ............................................................................... 297
The Woman Principle in Contemporary Native American Literature:
The Heritage of Indian Culture in Winter in the Blood
Qin Sujue
Chapter Twenty-Two............................................................................... 306
The Development of Native American and Guizhou Miao Areas:
A Comparative Study
Li Jian
TABLE OF CONTENTS
viii
Chapter Twenty-Three............................................................................. 312
The Phonological and Metrical Beauty of Edgar Allen Poe’s Poetry
Liu Jianfeng
Commentary ............................................................................................ 326
Wang Jianping
Part III: Sino-US Diplomatic Relations: Past, Present, and Future
Chapter Twenty-Four .............................................................................. 332
Macao in the Making of Sino-US Relations: From the
Empress of China to the Treaty of Wangxia, 1784-1844
He Sibing
Chapter Twenty-Five............................................................................... 363
American Missionaries in Late Nineteenth-Century Chongqing
Zhang Tao
Chapter Twenty-Six................................................................................ 383
Walter H. Judd’s Understanding of Chinese Civilization
and Sino-American Cooperation During World War II
Kenneth Kai-Chung Yung
Chapter Twenty-Seven ............................................................................ 397
A Great Personality in World War II:
General Joseph W. Stilwell’s Humanistic Qualities
Xu Chongning
Chapter Twenty-Eight ............................................................................. 405
Watching China from Hong Kong
Nicholas Platt
Chapter Twenty-Nine .............................................................................. 412
Hong Kong’s Role in US-China Trade Relations During the 1970s
Mei Renyi and Chen Juebin
Chapter Thirty ......................................................................................... 433
Consensus and Conflict in Sino-US Relations
Zhang Liping
BRIDGING THE SINO-AMERICAN DIVIDE ix
Chapter Thirty-One ................................................................................. 447
China’s Peaceful Rise and the Sino-American Relationship
Zhuang Jianzhong
Chapter Thirty-Two................................................................................. 456
Sino-US Crisis Management
Qiu Meirong
Chapter Thirty-Three............................................................................... 468
Rival Masterminds in Northeast Asia
Zhao Baomin
Chapter Thirty-Four................................................................................. 485
The China Threat and American Grand Strategy:
Two Prophesies and Two Roads
Ye Jiang
Chapter Thirty-Five................................................................................. 495
China Rising: The Way Forward in Sino-US Relations
James A. Kelly
Commentary ............................................................................................ 500
Lynn T. White III
Bonds Across Borders: Women, China, and International Relations in the Modern World.
At both the theoretical and practical level, the relationship between women, gender, and internat... more At both the theoretical and practical level, the relationship between women, gender, and international relations has become increasingly controversial in recent years. This collection of essays by twenty leading scholars and diplomatic practitioners from China, Hong Kong, the United States, and Great Britain crosses national, disciplinary, cultural, professional, and gender boundaries to approach this subject from a wide variety of comparative perspectives, designed to stimulate further debate and research. On the theoretical front, this volume explores the manner in which women and their contributions are represented within the discipline of International Relations; discusses whether women have unique contributions to make to both the academic study and the conduct of foreign affairs; and makes recommendations as to how women s concerns and viewpoints might be better incorporated into the field of international relations in both intellectual and practical terms. Moving to the level of practice, chapters on and by assorted women diplomats reflect on the official careers and foreign policy contributions of women including the first two US female secretaries of state and the first Asian American ambassador in both China and the United States. Several highlight the career handicaps women diplomats have faced in China, the United States, and Europe alike. A variety of historical and contemporary case studies, the majority of them dealing with foreign women living in China or Hong Kong, also focus on women in nontraditional diplomatic roles, as wives, missionaries, peace activists, reformers, teachers, businesswomen, and journalists. It is rare that the published record of a conference contributes to the design and definition of a new field of study, but that is the case with this remarkable volume of essays collected and edited by Priscilla Roberts and He Peiqun. Its very first chapter raises the central question: why we should focus on women/gender and IR. The rest of the volume proceeds to answer it brilliantly. There are essays on familiar aspects of the subject war war and peace but also on varieties of formal and informal diplomacy. A concluding section outlines future lines of inquiry. This indispensable collection will make it difficult, at the least, to imagine that it is possible to discuss international relations without also discussing gender.
Marilyn B. Young, Professor, Dept of History, New York University 1. The product of brilliant scholars from three continents, this book looks beyond the veil to tell us about the constructive roles that women play in international relations.
2. Bigots beware! 3. The lesson of this timely and brilliant Shanghai project is that women are beginning to shape our international community, and very possibly for the better. Rhodri Jeffreys Jones, Department of History, University of Edinburgh
Partial previews of this book are available on Amazon and Google and through the publishers website. See:
https://www.amazon.com/Bonds-Across-Borders-International-Relations/dp/1847182801/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1489474374&sr=1-1&keywords=bonds+across+borders+priscilla+roberts#reader_1847182801
https://books.google.ie/books?isbn=1443811750
https://books.google.ie/books?id=nEBJDAAAQBAJ&pg=PP3&dq=roberts+bonds+across+borders+women&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjtgKmatdXSAhULwbwKHdO3DXwQ6AEIGTAA#v=onepage&q=roberts%20bonds%20across%20borders%20women&f=false
http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/58034
Contents
Introduction: Women and International Relations: A Historian’s View ..... 1
Priscilla Roberts
Part I: Gender, War, and Peace in International Relations
Chapter One............................................................................................... 34
Women/Gender and International Relations: An Overview
Rosemary Foot
Chapter Two.............................................................................................. 48
Man, the State, and Sovereignty: The Construction, Practice,
and Remaking of Sovereignty from a Feminist Standpoint
Qiu Fang
Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 67
Women’s International Organizations, the United Nations,
and International Relations
He Peiqun
Chapter Four.............................................................................................. 82
War and Peace from a Gender Perspective
Hu Chuanrong
Chapter Five .............................................................................................. 92
The American Woman’s Peace Party and Its Heritage
He Hui
Chapter Six.............................................................................................. 101
Women and Security Studies: Some Observations
Wu Chunsi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
Part II: Women as Diplomats: The Public Sphere
Chapter Seven.......................................................................................... 104
Madeleine Albright and Condoleeza Rice: The Woman Question
and US Foreign Policy
Joan Hoff
Chapter Eight........................................................................................... 136
Women and Diplomacy
Julia Chang Bloch
Chapter Nine............................................................................................ 148
Women in a Changing World
Song Yimin
Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 156
Tentative Reflections on Women’s Diplomatic Role and Position
Xia Yongfang
Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 160
Women, Marriage, and International Relations
Li Yingtao
Part III: Women and Informal Diplomacy
Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 178
The Song Sisters and British Diplomacy Toward China, 1915-1943
Chan Lau Kit-ching
Chapter Thirteen...................................................................................... 193
Clara Haslewood and the Children of Empire: Colonial Policy,
International Relations, and “Child Slavery” in Hong Kong
David M. Pomfret
Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 201
Women Missionaries and Sino-British Relations, 1900-1949
Peter Cunich
BONDS ACROSS BORDERS: WOMEN, CHINA AND INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS IN THE MODERN WORLD
vii
Chapter Fifteen........................................................................................ 217
Jessie Boyd: Undocumented Participant in Sino-Canadian
International Relations, 1912-1947
Thomas A. Stanley
Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 230
“This One Thing I Do”: A Single-Minded American in China
Norman G. Owen
Part IV: Looking Forward: Future Directions
Chapter Seventeen................................................................................... 240
Little Cause(s) for Celebration: American Women, “Domestic Policy,”
and International Relations
Gordon E. Slethaug
Chapter Eighteen ..................................................................................... 257
Perspectives on Women and Diplomacy: A View from Hong Kong
Staci Ford
Chapter Nineteen..................................................................................... 274
Gender and International Relations: Future Directions
Linda J. Yarr
Based on new archival research in many countries, this volume broadens the context of the U.S. in... more Based on new archival research in many countries, this volume broadens the context of the U.S. intervention in Vietnam. Its primary focus is on relations between China and Vietnam in the mid-twentieth century; but the book also deals with China's relations with Cambodia, U.S. dealings with both China and Vietnam, French attitudes toward Vietnam and China, and Soviet views of Vietnam and China. Contributors from seven countries range from senior scholars and officials with decades of experience to young academics just finishing their dissertations. The general impact of this work is to internationalize the history of the Vietnam War, going well beyond the long-standing focus on the role of the United States.
Introduction : the Vietnam War in its international setting / Priscilla Roberts 1
1 Mao Zedong and the Indochina wars / Yang Kuisong 55
2 Forging a new relationship : the Soviet Union and Vietnam, 1955 / Mari Olsen 97
3 Opportunities lost? : Kennedy, China, and Vietnam / Noam Kochavi 127
4 The French recognition of China and its implications for the Vietnam War / Fredrik Logevall 153
5 The economic and political impact of the Vietnam War on China in 1964 / Li Xiangqian 173
6 Informing the enemy : Sino-American "signaling" and the Vietnam War, 1965 / James G. Hershberg, Chen Jian 193
7 Beijing's aid to Hanoi and the United States-China confrontations, 1964-1968 / Shu Guang Zhang 259
8 The Sino-Soviet dispute over assistance for Vietnam's anti-American war, 1965-1972 / Li Danhui 289
9 The background to the shift in Chinese policy toward the United States in the late 1960s / Niu Jun 319
10 Sino-U.S. reconciliation and China's Vietnam policy / Shen Zhihua 349
11 China and the Cambodian conflict, 1970-1975 / Zhai Qiang 369
12 The Soviet-Chinese-Vietnamese triangle in the 1970s : the view from Moscow / Stephen J. Morris 405
13 Commentary : a Vietnamese scholar's perspective on the communist big powers and Vietnam / Luu Doan Huynh 433
14 Le Duan and the break with China / Stein Tonnesson, Christopher E. Goscha 453
15 Selected conversations of Asian communist leaders on Indochina 487
Window on the Forbidden City: The Beijing Diaries of David Bruce, 1973-1974
Edited version of the diaries of David K E Bruce, first head of the US Liaison Office in Beijing,... more Edited version of the diaries of David K E Bruce, first head of the US Liaison Office in Beijing, from May 1973 to September 1974. It includes not just the text of the diaries, but documents written by Bruce and others at the Liaison Office during this period, most taken from the Policy Planning Staff files in the National Archives. Extensively annotated, with a lengthy Introduction. [ Was subsequently translated into Chinese: Zijinchengzhichuang. Beijing: Central Culture and Literature Press, 2006. 639 pp.]
Available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301762495_Window_on_the_Forbidden_City_The_Beijing_Diaries_of_David_Bruce_1973-1974
The Cold War
The Cold War dominated international relations in the second half of the 20th century in an all-e... more The Cold War dominated international relations in the second half of the 20th century in an all-embracing ideological and military conflict between communism and democracy. This survey shows the Cold War as the consequence of the breakdown of the existing international system during the two world wars and a new great power alignment which emerged to fill the vcuum created in both Europe and Asia as existing states and imperial powers lost their former predominance. The text draws on recent scholarship on the Cold War, based not only upon materials from US, British, Canadian, Australian and European sources, but also upon those from Soviet, Eastern European and Asian sources that only became available in the 1990s. The author aims to shed new light on familiar events such as the Berlin crisis, the Sino-Soviet split, detente, the Sino-American rapprochement of the 1970s and 80s, and the ultimate collapse of communism and the Soviet empire in Europe. The book also compares the Cold War's domestic impact on the various countries involved, and assesses the degree to which, even today, the Cold War's influence on the international scene remains pervasive.
Edited collection of articles on this theme, the outcome of papers delivered at the International... more Edited collection of articles on this theme, the outcome of papers delivered at the International Association of Historians of Asia conference held at the University of Hong Kong in 1991, with an Introduction by myself. Covered such topics as US involvement in the Indonesian military revolt of the mid-1950s, the Taiwan Security Treaty, and Sino-US relations.
Articles include:
Johan Saravanamuttu, "United States Cold War Discourse and Alliance Formation on the Eve of the Vietnam War," 13-24
Su Ge, "The Making of American Policy Towards Taiwan, 1948-1955," 25-45
Abu Talib Ahmad, "Neutralism and the Cold War: Burma-United States Relations, 1945-1955," 46-59
Richard Mason, "The United States, the Indonesian National Revolution and the Cold War," 60-75
Ariffin Omar, "The PRRI Rebellion of 1958: A Cold War Perspective," 76-86
Michael Vickery, "The Cold War and Cambodia," 87-118
Robert Garson, "The Road to Tiananmen Square: The United States and China, 1979-1989," 119-135
Pamela Sodhy, "United States-Malaysian Relations in the 1990s," 136-152
K. S. Nathan, "Asia and the Major Powers in the Late Twentieth Century: Interests, Influence, Issues and Involvement," 153-165
Sino-American Relations Since 1900
Preface and acknowledgements / Roberts, Priscilla i
Introduction / Roberts, Priscilla 1
Cul... more Preface and acknowledgements / Roberts, Priscilla i
Introduction / Roberts, Priscilla 1
Cultural and educational interactions
Between sentiment and reason: The study of Sino-American relations in China / Jia, Qingguo 17
Impacts and responses: reflections on modern Sino-western cultural intercourse / He, Zhaowu 38
Cultural relations between the United States and China / Hong, Yong-shan 47
Nanjing University and Sino-American cultural relations / Li, Shuyou 55
Huachung College and the United States: A historical survey / Ma, Min 66
Yenching University and educational modernization in China / He, Di 82
Medical education in China: the American connection, 1912-1937 / Yip, Ka-che 94
The Rise, fall, and re-evaluation of Dewey's Philosophy in China / Pfister, Lauren 106
Knowledge transfer and Sino-American relations since Normalization / Postiglione, Gerard A. 123
Sino-American exchanges since Tiananmen / Shive, Glenn 135
Chinese ways of thinking and their influence on American poetry: From American Transcendentalism to the present / Grabber, Gudrun M. 144
Western modernist influences in Eileen (Ai-ling)Chang's - the golden Cangue and Li Ang's the butcher's wife / Paolini, Shirley J. 164
American-Chinese misunderstandings: Foundations for friendship / Scollard, Fredrikke Skinsnes, Trifonovitch, Gregory J., Zhuang, Cui, Shirley 180
Sino-American diplomacy: the republican period
The United States and the Chinese revolution / Tao, Wenzhao 205
The sinicization of the Chinese American Bank of Commerce: causes and consequences / Pugach, Noel H. 220
From Silver Agreement to Tung Oil Loan: the Origins of United States Aid to China in the Triangular Relations between China, Japan, and the United States during the 1930s / Xiang, Liling 238
America's Greatest Asia Expert? Douglas MacArthur and the American misunderstanding of China and Asia, 1935-1951 / Schaller, Michael 256
PRC Historiography on Chennault and the Flying Tigers during the Anti-Japanese War / Gu, Xuejia 284
Henry Luce and the Joseph Stilwell Controversy / Neils, Patricia 296
UNRRA, China, and the United States: efforts to Achieve China's Reconstruction through international cooperation, 1945-1947 / Rahman, Shamsur, A.F.M. 313
A Re-examination of the Instructions Used by Marshall's Mission in China (December 1945-January 1947) / Wang, Chen-main 349
The Marshall Mission and United States Relations with the Nationalists and Communists in China / Zhang, Han-ying 373
United States Policy toward China, 1946-1949: The Perspective of John Leighton Stuart / Rea, Kenneth W., Brewer, John C. 396
Sino-American Diplomacy since 1949
Reflections on United States-China Relations / Hsueh, Chun-tu 413
Sino-American Diplomatic and Economic Relations since 1949: an overview / Zhang, Jialin 424
Territorial Integrity and Sino-American relations: the case of Taiwan 437
The Role of the United States in Sino-Soviet Relations, 1956-1969 / Mei, Jinhua 458
"Pay Any Price, Bear Any Burden":John F. Kennedy and Sino-American Relations, 1961-1963 / Maga, Timothy P. 468
The United States and China since 1969 / Ding, Xingbao 482
A Rendezvous with history: Nixon, Mao, and the politics of normalization / Garson, Robert A. 497
Sino-American Technology Transfer since 1972 / Tong, Shuxing 518
New Dimensions in United States Trade Policy / Maidment, Richard A. 533
Contributors 558
Organizing Committee 562
LCCN 92152990
OCLC # ocm24938819
DESCRIPT. vii, 563 p. ; 26 cm.
SERIES Centre of Asian Studies occasional papers and monographs, no. 93
NOTE Includes papers presented at the conference "Sino-American Relations since 1990', held at the University of Hong Kong from January 3rd to 6th, 1990, organized by the Centre of Asian Studies of the University of Hong Kong and the American Studies Association of Hong Kong.
Available online at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301754909_Sino-American_Relations_Since_1900
Reference Books (As Editor) by Priscilla Roberts
The Cold War: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection., 2020
The Cold War superpower face-off between the Soviet Union and the United States dominated interna... more The Cold War superpower face-off between the Soviet Union and the United States dominated international affairs in the second half of the 20th century and still reverberates around the world today. This comprehensive and insightful multi-volume set provides authoritative entries on all aspects of this world-changing event, including wars, new military technologies, diplomatic initiatives, espionage activities, important individuals and organizations, economic developments, societal and cultural events, and more. This expansive coverage provides readers with the necessary context to understand the many facets of this complex conflict.
The work begins with a preface and introduction and then offers illuminating introductory essays on the origins and course of the Cold War, which are followed by some 1,500 entries on key individuals, wars, battles, weapons systems, diplomacy, politics, economics, and art and culture.
Each entry has cross-references and a list of books for further reading.
The text includes more than 100 key primary source documents, a detailed chronology, a glossary, and a selective bibliography. Numerous illustrations and maps are inset throughout to provide additional context to the material.
FEATURES
Includes more than 1,500 entries covering all facets of the Cold War from its origins to its aftermath, including all political, diplomatic, military, social, economic, and cultural aspects
Incorporates the scholarship of more than 200 internationally recognized
contributors from around the world, many writing about events and issues from the perspective of their country of origin
Offers more than 100 original documents—a collection that draws heavily on material from archives in China, Eastern
Europe, and the former Soviet Union
Provides hundreds of powerful images and dozens of informative maps detailing specific military conflicts and movements of various groups
Includes a detailed chronology of important events that occurred before, during, and after the Cold War
This set's documents volume, of which I am the editor and compiler, includes 176 documents, chose... more This set's documents volume, of which I am the editor and compiler, includes 176 documents, chosen to represent all sides involved in over four thousand years of conflict, spanning the period from the twenty-fourth century BCE to 2018. These include a wide range of Sumerian, Egyptian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Roman, Arab, Latin, Armenian, Byzantine, Ottoman, Italian, Iranian, Russian, French, British, Turkish, US, Israeli, Palestinian, and other international materials. The Middle East's strategic location astride three continents—Africa, Asia, and Europe—has made the region a focal point of numerous rivalries, conflicts, and wars throughout history. With more than 1,100 cross-referenced entries covering every aspect of conflict in the Middle East, this definitive scholarly reference provides readers with a substantial foundation for understanding contemporary history in the most volatile region in the world. This authoritative and comprehensive encyclopedia covers all the key wars, insurgencies, and battles that have occurred in the Middle East roughly between 3100 BCE and the early decades of the 21st century. It also discusses the evolution of military technology and the development and transformation of military tactics and strategy from the ancient world to the present. In addition to the hundreds of entries on major conflicts, military engagements, and diplomatic developments, the book also features entries on key military, political, and religious leaders. Essays on the major empires and nations of the region are included, as are overview essays on the major periods under consideration. The book additionally covers such non-military subjects as diplomacy, national and international politics, religion and sectarian conflict, cultural phenomena, genocide, international peacekeeping missions, social movements, and the rise to prominence of international terrorism. The reference entries are augmented by a carefully curated documents volume that offers primary sources on such diverse topics as the Greco-Persian Wars, the Crusades, and the Arab-Israeli Wars. Features •Provides more than 1,100 A–Z entries on various military, political, and social topics connected with conflict in the Middle East •Features contributions from approximately 200 distinguished scholars and independent historians from a variety of disciplines •Devotes a full volume to key documents relevant to conflict in the Middle East throughout history •Includes more than 100 illustrations depicting conflict in the Middle East, plus dozens of maps depicting major geopolitical relationships, large scale military operations, and individual battles on land and sea
The Cold War: Interpreting Conflict Through Primary Documents, 2018
This detailed two-volume set tells the story of the Cold War, the dominant international event of... more This detailed two-volume set tells the story of the Cold War, the dominant international event of the second half of the 20th century, through a diverse selection of primary source documents. • Provides in-depth documentary coverage of all key aspects of the Cold War, helping readers understand the continued significance of the Cold War to the current world • Includes documents from all sides of the conflict, including many newly available materials from the Soviet bloc, Cuba, and China • Traces the origins of Cold War rivalry and antagonism between the United States and the Soviet Union back to the Russian Revolution of 1917 • Offers detailed coverage of how the Cold War surfaced beyond Europe, especially in Asia and the Middle East
Uploads
Books by Priscilla Roberts
“By gathering a group of both eminent and promising young scholars, this volume edited by Priscilla Roberts and Odd Arne Westad presents a series of fresh perspectives and revealing studies on why and how developments in Chinese politics, economy, society, culture, and international relations in the critical yet paradoxical “Long 1970s” had led to China’s embrace of the Reform and Opening-up Project, bringing about profound transformations to China as well as the larger world.” (Chen Jian, Distinguished Global Network Professor of History, New York University and NYU-Shanghai; Hu Shih Professor Emeritus, Cornell University, USA)
“The “long 1970s” – a period of near “existential crisis” in the West and real anguish and transformative change in China. This original volume considers these two inter-related historical processes in the watershed of the late 20th century. The death of Mao, Deng Xiaoping’s rise and second revolution, and bewildering changes domestically and in international affairs transformed China. China and the world have not been the same since. These excellent studies open a new field of investigation in China studies.” (Gordon H. Chang, Stanford University, USA, author “Fateful Times: A History of America’s Preoccupation with China” (2015))
I regret to say that this book is not available in China, thanks to Springer Nature/ Palgrave Macmillan's exceptionally broadbrush censorship of its publications for the China market. It was one of the more than 100,000 items ("less than 1 percent" of their content) that were blocked in Springer's China offerings. It is also a book worth reading!
The chapters are written by nine leading international scholars and address issues of diplomacy and politics, finance and economics, intelligence and propaganda, refugees and humanitarianism, tourism and popular culture, and their lasting impact on Hong Kong. Far from simply describing a historical period, these essays show that Hong Kong's unique Cold War experience may provide a viable blueprint for modern-day China to develop a similar model of good governance and may in fact hold the key to the successful implementation of the One Country Two Systems idea.
Hong Kong’s Twentieth Century: The Global Setting
Wang Gungwu
Prologue Cold War Hong Kong: The Foundations
Priscilla Roberts
Chapter 1 Cold War Hong Kong: Juggling Opposing Forces and Identities
Priscilla Roberts
Chapter 2 Hong Kong’s Enduring Global Business Relations
David R. Meyer
Chapter 3 Hong Kong and the Cold War in the 1950s
Tracy Steele
Chapter 4 The American Cold War in Hong Kong, 1949-1960: Intelligence and Propaganda
Lu Xun
Chapter 5 Crisis and Opportunity: The Work of Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals Inc. (ARCI) in Hong Kong and Beyond
Glen Peterson
Chapter 6 Hong Kong as an International Tourism Space: The Politics of American Tourism in the 1960s
Chi-Kwan Mark
Chapter 7 “Reel Sisters” and Other Diplomacy: Cathay Studios and Cold War Cultural Production
Stacilee Ford
Chapter 8 Hong Kong as a Global Frontier: Between China, Asia, and the World
Prasenjit Duara
Afterword Cold War Hong Kong: A Path to the Future?
Priscilla Roberts
Index
For further details of the two American Studies Network conferences on which most of this volume is based, see the US-China Education Trust website:
http://www.uscet.org/2013-annual-american-studies-network-conference-10th-anniversary
http://www.uscet.org/2014-annual-american-studies-network-conference
Preface ....................................................................................................... xii
Julia Chang Bloch
Introduction .............................................................................................. xvi
The Power of Culture: Encounters between China and the United States
Priscilla Roberts
Part I: Perspectives on Sino-American Relations
Chapter One ................................................................................................. 2
Geopolitics and Cultural Ambitions: The Evolution of US Strategy
in East Asia
Lv Qingguang
Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 14
Balancing Ideology, Strategy, and National Interests: The Reagan
Administration’s China Policies, 1981-1989
Kong Lingyu
Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 69
Recurrent Themes in American Presidential War Rhetoric
Zhang Yuan
Chapter Four .............................................................................................. 78
The Evolution of John Winthrop’s Views on American Indians
Yang Yingrun
Chapter Five ............................................................................................ 100
Words, Views, Moods, and Culture: The Obama Administration
Addresses China, January-November 2014
Mei Renyi
vi Table of Contents
Chapter Six .............................................................................................. 123
Challenging American Cultural Primacy: A New Chinese Long March
Qiu Linguang
Chapter Seven .......................................................................................... 136
How US Think Tanks Influence Cultural Security
Xiao Huan
Part II: Educational Exchanges
Chapter Eight ........................................................................................... 148
Cultural Cold War: The American Role in Establishing the Chinese
University of Hong Kong (CUHK)
Zhang Yang
Chapter Nine ............................................................................................ 170
The Impact of Cultural Exchange Programs on How Participants
Perceive their Host Countries
Chen Peiqin, Wu Ying and Pan Ji
Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 181
The Effects of China-US Exchange Programs on the Professional
Advancement of Chinese Participants: Evidence from Fulbright
Alumni in Beijing and Tianjin
Fu Meirong and Zhao Xin
Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 202
The Image of the Confucius Institutes in US Newspaper Reports
Ye Ying
Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 224
You Can See the Tree, Even in a Forest: Transforming Learning
Paradigms for Global Leadership
Rick J. Arrowood and Eva Kampits
Chapter Thirteen ...................................................................................... 228
ACCEX: Collaboration in Sino-American Cultural Understanding
Kathryn Mohrman
The Power of Culture vii
Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 233
US Educational NGOs and the Implications of Cultural Diplomacy
in China: The Case Study of the US-China Education Trust
Ni Jianping and Pan Yu
Chapter Fifteen ........................................................................................ 237
American Studies in China Today: Past, Present, and Future
Liu Jianfeng
Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 254
Transnational American Studies Today: The United States and China
Shelley Fisher Fishkin
Part III: Cultural Encounters: Representations, Appropriations,
and Interpretations
Chapter Seventeen ................................................................................... 276
Globalization of US National Culture: From Asian Abjection
to Guangdong Gothic
James Innis McDougall
Chapter Eighteen ..................................................................................... 294
Americanizing Female Immigrants in California, 1915-1924
Zhang Qingheng
Chapter Nineteen ..................................................................................... 324
Imagining the Phoenix Metaphor: From Chinese Culture to Chinese
American Culture and Sensibility
Wang Hui
Chapter Twenty ....................................................................................... 336
Crisis and Reconstruction of Cultural Identity: American Born Chinese
in The Joy Luck Club
Tang Jie
Chapter Twenty-One ............................................................................... 346
Going Global: Gender Across East-West Divides
Clara Juncker
viii Table of Contents
Chapter Twenty-Two ............................................................................... 357
Fei Cheng Wu Rao on Two Shores: Rethinking Dual Domination
Through China’s Transnational Matchmaking Show
Shan Mu Zhao
Chapter Twenty-Three ............................................................................. 378
Americanization of a Chinese Pastime? US Television Shows
and Cultural Consumption in China
Li Ye
Chapter Twenty-Four .............................................................................. 388
American Television Shows and Chinese Audiences: Cross-Cultural
Readings of The Good Wife
Huang Xiaoqu
Chapter Twenty-Five ............................................................................... 401
Promoting the “American Dream”: Hollywood Movies and US Soft Power
Li Yang and Xu Lili
Chapter Twenty-Six ................................................................................. 409
Blockbuster Dreams: Chimericanization in American Dreams in China
and Finding Mr. Right
Stacilee Ford
Chapter Twenty-Seven ............................................................................ 428
Why America Must Save the World: Captain America and His Enemies
Zhang Guoxi
Chapter Twenty-Eight ............................................................................. 445
Lost in Translation? Transnational American Rock Music of the Sixties
and Its Misreading in 1980s China
Teng Jimeng
Chapter Twenty-Nine .............................................................................. 466
The Effects of US Media News on Chinese Readers’ Political Trust
Guo Shilei
Chapter Thirty ......................................................................................... 477
US Media Representations of Chinese Women and Gender Issues
in China: The Case Study of the New York Times
Liu Liqun and Chen Zhijuan
The Power of Culture ix
Chapter Thirty-One ................................................................................. 499
Charm Offensive 2013: Comparative Chinese and American Media
Coverage of Peng Liyuan’s First Two International Tours
Zhai Zheng
For further details of the two American Studies Network conferences on which this volume is largely based, see the US-China Education Trust website, at:
http://www.uscet.org/asn-annual-meeting-2011
http://www.uscet.org/2012-annual-american-studies-network-conference
See also:
https://www.amazon.com/Going-Soft-Us-China-Global/dp/1443856681/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1489554697&sr=1-1&keywords=going+soft+priscilla+roberts#reader_1443856681
https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1443859427
https://books.google.com/books?id=rpoxBwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=power+of+culture+priscilla+roberts&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIvo_-39fSAhUMf7wKHdxFBD0Q6AEIIDAB#v=onepage&q=power%20of%20culture%20priscilla%20roberts&f=false
Preface / Julia Chang Bloch xiii
Introduction Going Soft? The US and China go Global / Priscilla Roberts xvi
pt. I Chinese Reflections on Soft Power
ch. One China's Soft Power and its Peaceful Rise as an Aspiring World Power: A Critical Assessment / Shi Yinhong 2
ch. Two Readjustments in US Pacific Strategy: China's Regional Options / Dai Changzheng 11
ch. Three American Competitiveness, American Soft Power / Kong Xiangyong 25
ch. Four Limitations of Soft Power / Kong Qingshan 51
ch. Five Potent Though Hard to Identify: Soft Power in China and the United States / Ma Xing 56
ch. Six Soft Power as a Soft-Balancing Tool: The European Union and China / Sun Yu 61
ch. Seven The China Model and the Decline of American Soft Power / Wang Li 72
pt. II Soft Power in International Practice
ch. Eight Soft Power and the Challenge of Social Equality / Sonya Michel 90
ch. Nine Cold War Cultural Representations: The Films of Charles and Ray Eames / Eric Schuldenfrei 108
ch. Ten Soft Power in Sino-American Relations / Priscilla Roberts 122
ch. Eleven Soft Containment: US Psychological Warfare Against China in the 1950s and 1960s / Guo Yonghu 141
ch. Twelve US Double Standards in Evaluating Human Rights in Tibet / Zhang Yuling 159
ch. Thirteen China's Soft Power and Political Credibility: An Analysis of International Reports of the July 23 Train Wreck in China / Sun Yu 187
ch. Fourteen Confucius: Cultural Icon of Chinese Cuisine in Post-Second World War America / Zhang Tao 196
ch. Fifteen Agency and Global Hypergamy: A Glimpse of Chinese Mail-Order Brides / Wu Xiaoping 211
ch. Sixteen Tiger Mothers and Diplomatic Fathers: Amy Chua and Henry Kissinger "On China" / Staci Ford 224
pt. III Soft Power and Social Questions in the United States
ch. Seventeen Sources of Power: Soft Power and the American Reform Tradition / Lv Qingguang 246
ch. Eighteen The Provincial Congresses in the Early American Revolution, 1774-1776 / Wang Bin 252
ch. Nineteen Inherent Contradictions in Jacksonian Democracy / Li Yang 268
ch. Twenty S̀oft Power' in American Foreign Expansion in the 1890s / Wang Jianhong 276
ch. Twenty-One American Liberalism and the Transformation of Single-Parent Families in the 1960s / Lv Hongyan 281
ch. Twenty-Two Interest Groups and Race-Conscious University Admissions / Yang Kui 290
ch. Twenty-Three Religion's Uneasy Place: Religious Engagement and Religious Freedom in American Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy / Brie Loskota 303
ch. Twenty-Four The Role of Protestantism in Enhancing Social Equality in the United States During the Progressive Era / Zhang Lei 314
ch. Twenty-Five Marginal Religions and Women's Rights in America / Yao Guigui 330
ch. Twenty-Six Religion, Diaspora and Hybrid Identity: Literary Representation in a Coming-of-Age Narrative / Lin Ling 339
ch. Twenty-Seven The Bird that Would Soar Above Tradition and Prejudice: The Inevitability of Edna's Death in The Awakening / Ye Ying 351
ch. Twenty-Eight Feminist Subjectivity and Independence in A Rose for Emily / Zhou Liyun 369
pt. IV American Presidential Politics as Seen from China
ch. Twenty-Nine Research on Freedom: The Past Decade / Yang Ming 380
ch. Thirty Liberty and Democracy in Presidential Inaugural Addresses, 1949-2012 / Qin Huifang 393
ch. Thirty-One A Tripartite Game: The Emergence of Horse-Race Coverage in the 1988 Democratic Primaries / Jiang Qingshuang 410
ch. Thirty-Two Continuity and Change: American Mainline Religious Denominations and the 2008 Presidential Election / Liu Xianming 422
ch. Thirty-Three Religion as a Factor in the 2012 Presidential Election / Zhang Yuan 431
ch. Thirty-Four Race in the 2012 Elections: Asian American Voting Patterns and Candidates / Huang Xiaoqu 441
ch. Thirty-Five Income Inequality and Partisan Polarization: A Cross-Sectional View / Tao Jingting 480
ch. Thirty-Six Competing to Reach Across the Aisle: Bipartisanship and Leadership in the 2012 Election / Xiong Yingzhe 498
ch. Thirty-Seven The Course of Governance of the Obama Administration: Re-Reading the Four State of the Union Messages / Mei Renyi 510
ch. Thirty-Eight Farewell, 2012! The Declining Chinese Image and its Impact on US-China Issues During the 2012 US Presidential Campaign / Zhang Zhexin 528
• A chronology lists all major events of World War II
• A bibliography provides an up-do-date selection of basic books, Internet sources, and movies and television series on World War II
• A glossary defines key World War II terms and phrases
• Extensive commentary, contextual information, and guiding questions accompany each document
Preface ......................................................................................................... x
Julia Chang Bloch
Introduction ................................................................................................. 1
China Views Nine-Eleven
Priscilla Roberts
Part I: The International Setting
Chapter One............................................................................................... 38
The Decline in the American Global Image Since 9/11
Mei Renyi
Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 77
Anti-Americanism in the Post-9/11 Era
Liu Mingzheng
Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 96
Continuities in American Empire: The Nineteenth-Century Inheritance
and the Return of History
Ian Tyrrell
Chapter Four ............................................................................................ 111
9/11 as Diplomatic Milestone and Turning Point
Priscilla Roberts
Chapter Five ............................................................................................ 126
Fluctuations and Adjustments in American Soft Power
After September 11, 2001
Xiao Huan
vi Table of Contents
Chapter Six .............................................................................................. 136
Failed Empire: The United States in the Post-Iraq War Era
Zhao Baomin
Chapter Seven.......................................................................................... 153
New Structures of American Foreign Strategy since September 11, 2001:
Seeking Cooperation with Asia-Pacific Countries
Qiu Huafei
Chapter Eight........................................................................................... 170
9/11 and American Neo-Conservatives
Li Zhidong
Chapter Nine............................................................................................ 206
Neo-Conservatives and Nation-Building
Shi Hongshen and Wang Enming
Part II: The American Scene: Domestic Politics
Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 224
American Electoral Politics: The Impact of September 11, 2001
Zhang Liping
Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 244
Party Polarization in Congress: Change and Continuity After 9/11
Xie Tao
Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 271
Presidential Practices After 9/11: Changes and Continuities
Daniel Galvin
Chapter Thirteen...................................................................................... 305
Evolving Post-9/11 Relations between the US Presidency and Congress
Yuan Jirong
Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 320
The Case Study of Illinois: The Impact of the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks
on Separation of Powers in the United States
Wang Yulan
China Views Nine-Eleven vii
Chapter Fifteen ........................................................................................ 350
Samuel P. Huntington’s Who Are We? and the Prevailing Deadlock
in US Immigration
Mei Renyi and Chen Juebin
Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 383
Paradox Unraveled: US Immigration after the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks
Jia Ning
Part III: The Cultural Impact
Chapter Seventeen ................................................................................... 402
Three Perspectives on 9/11: Entertainment, Politics, Mentality
John G. Blair
Chapter Eighteen ..................................................................................... 422
Ground Zero: Cultural Repercussions of 9/11
Alfred Hornung
Chapter Nineteen ..................................................................................... 434
History, Memory, and Fragmentation: Toward a Dialectical
and Allegorical Vision of Commemorating 9/11
Kit Lam
Chapter Twenty ....................................................................................... 456
From Complacency to Culpability: Conflict and Death in Post-9/11 Film
Michele Aaron
Chapter Twenty-One ............................................................................... 471
No Direction Home: Protest Music at a Crossroads since 9/11
Teng Jimeng
Two chapters, Li Jianming, Part IV, Thirty Years of Research in American History in China, and Wang Xiaode, Part V, Thirty Years of Research in American Diplomatic History in China, were published in the Journal of Transnational American Studies 3:1 (January 2011). Links are provided.
On USCET, see the website:
http://uscet.org/program-directory?field_program_current_past_value=All&field_program_area_tid=258&__utma=1.1462463110.1485405752.1485405752.1489549802.2&__utmb=1.1.10.1489549802&__utmc=1&__utmx=-&__utmz=1.1485405752.1.1.utmcsr=google|utmccn=(organic)|utmcmd=organic|utmctr=(not%20provided)&__utmv=-&__utmk=184874409
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………… 1
Priscilla Roberts
Chapter One
Thirty Years of American History Research in China ………………………………..…………10
Li Jianming
Chapter Two
Thirty Years of Research in American Diplomatic History in China ……………………….… 26
Wang Jiaode
Chapter Three
Thirty Years of Studying the History of Sino-US Relations ……………………………...…… 43
Tao Wenzhao
Chapter Four
Studies of American Politics in China Over the Past Thirty Years ……………………………. 61
Zhang Liping
Chapter Five
Chinese Studies of the US Economy and Sino-US Economic Relations ……………...………. 84
in the Past Thirty Years
Wang Rongjun
Chapter Six
American Military Studies in China in the Past Thirty Years ……………………...………….. 93
Xu Hui and Wang Haili
Chapter Seven
Chinese Studies of American Education in the Past Thirty Years ……………………………. 108
Ye Fugui
Chapter Eight
Thirty Years of American Social and Cultural Studies in China ……………………….……. 133
Ji Hong
Chapter Nine
Chinese Studies of American Literature and Culture in the Past Thirty Years ………………. 147
Jiang Ningkang, Zhang Zan, and Wang Lin
Fulltext can be accessed on Researchgate, at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301764169_Bridging_the_Sino-American_Divide_American_Studies_with_Chinese_Characteristics
Additional information and also some papers available online from the US-China Education Trust:
http://uscet.org/asn-publications-and-past-asn-conference-papers
http://uscet.org/programs/asn-annual-conferences-and-events
http://uscet.org/asn-annual-meeting-2006
Portions of the text are available online, through Amazon or Google Scholar, at:
https://www.amazon.com/Bridging-Sino-American-Divide-American-Characteristics/dp/1847183174/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1489550413&sr=1-2&keywords=bridging+the+sino-American+divide#reader_1847183174
https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1443811483
https://books.google.com/books?id=xmYZBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA277&dq=bridging+the+sino-american+divide&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi--87wz9fSAhVJG5QKHRIUBdgQ6AEIGTAA#v=onepage&q=bridging%20the%20sino-american%20divide&f=false
http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/58058
Preface....................................................................................................... xii
Julia Chang Bloch
Acknowledgments .................................................................................... xiv
Introduction ................................................................................................. 1
American Studies with Chinese Characteristics
Priscilla Roberts
Part I: China and American Studies
Chapter One............................................................................................... 42
How Far Along the Road to Mutual Understanding Have We Come?
Zi Zhongyun
Chapter Two.............................................................................................. 48
Localizing the Global: Shifting Centers, Chinese Ideology,
and American Studies
Wang Jianping
Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 59
American Studies in China: The Case Study of the Center for
American Studies, Fudan University
Sun Zhe
Chapter Four.............................................................................................. 76
Getting-Across: Course Design in “Major Issues
in American History and Culture”
Zhang Chong
Chapter Five .............................................................................................. 90
The American Studies Program of Sichuan University
Cheng Xilin
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
Chapter Six................................................................................................ 98
How Chinese University Students Understand American Values
Qiu Wangsheng
Chapter Seven.......................................................................................... 105
“Transnationalism and America,” the Lingnan Foundation,
and Innovative Teaching in China
Gordon E. Slethaug
Chapter Eight........................................................................................... 118
In/Visible Histories (China): Documentary Film,
Historical Memory, Interdisciplinary Inquiry, and Community Service
Gina Marchetti and Karsten Krüger
Chapter Nine............................................................................................ 128
A Survey of the Centre of American Studies, University of Hong Kong,
and Mainland Studies of Sino-US Relations
Zheng Hua
Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 145
Transitional Period Booms: The Study of William Faulkner in China
Feng Yi
Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 152
American Studies and Chinese Nation Studies Compared
Pan Weijuan
Commentary ............................................................................................ 163
Mei Renyi
Part II: Informal Sino-US Bridges: Literature, Popular Culture,
and the Personal
Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 170
Soft Power and American Diplomacy
Paul Levine
Chapter Thirteen...................................................................................... 182
The Implications of Ethnocentrism: Intercultural Communication
in the Sino-American Context
Wang Shijing
BRIDGING THE SINO-AMERICAN DIVIDE vii
Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 190
McDonald’s Democracy: A Cultural Perspective
Wang Qingjiang and Zhang Yijun
Chapter Fifteen........................................................................................ 212
Assimilating the American Alien in Localizing McDonald’s
Jiang Ningkang
Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 237
A Journey to Take: The Academic and Cultural Construction
of Chinese Teaching Assistants in American Universities
Meng Yaru and Li Huajun
Chapter Seventeen................................................................................... 260
Postmodern American-ness in Gish Jen’s Typical American
Zhang Xin
Chapter Eighteen ..................................................................................... 270
The Limits of Feminism: A US-Chinese Comparison
Susan Armitage
Chapter Nineteen..................................................................................... 277
Changed by the Encounter: Women Who Bridge the Sino-American
Divide
Staci Ford
Chapter Twenty ....................................................................................... 289
The Chinese Exclusion Act and Chinese Women
Yu Tingming
Chapter Twenty-One ............................................................................... 297
The Woman Principle in Contemporary Native American Literature:
The Heritage of Indian Culture in Winter in the Blood
Qin Sujue
Chapter Twenty-Two............................................................................... 306
The Development of Native American and Guizhou Miao Areas:
A Comparative Study
Li Jian
TABLE OF CONTENTS
viii
Chapter Twenty-Three............................................................................. 312
The Phonological and Metrical Beauty of Edgar Allen Poe’s Poetry
Liu Jianfeng
Commentary ............................................................................................ 326
Wang Jianping
Part III: Sino-US Diplomatic Relations: Past, Present, and Future
Chapter Twenty-Four .............................................................................. 332
Macao in the Making of Sino-US Relations: From the
Empress of China to the Treaty of Wangxia, 1784-1844
He Sibing
Chapter Twenty-Five............................................................................... 363
American Missionaries in Late Nineteenth-Century Chongqing
Zhang Tao
Chapter Twenty-Six................................................................................ 383
Walter H. Judd’s Understanding of Chinese Civilization
and Sino-American Cooperation During World War II
Kenneth Kai-Chung Yung
Chapter Twenty-Seven ............................................................................ 397
A Great Personality in World War II:
General Joseph W. Stilwell’s Humanistic Qualities
Xu Chongning
Chapter Twenty-Eight ............................................................................. 405
Watching China from Hong Kong
Nicholas Platt
Chapter Twenty-Nine .............................................................................. 412
Hong Kong’s Role in US-China Trade Relations During the 1970s
Mei Renyi and Chen Juebin
Chapter Thirty ......................................................................................... 433
Consensus and Conflict in Sino-US Relations
Zhang Liping
BRIDGING THE SINO-AMERICAN DIVIDE ix
Chapter Thirty-One ................................................................................. 447
China’s Peaceful Rise and the Sino-American Relationship
Zhuang Jianzhong
Chapter Thirty-Two................................................................................. 456
Sino-US Crisis Management
Qiu Meirong
Chapter Thirty-Three............................................................................... 468
Rival Masterminds in Northeast Asia
Zhao Baomin
Chapter Thirty-Four................................................................................. 485
The China Threat and American Grand Strategy:
Two Prophesies and Two Roads
Ye Jiang
Chapter Thirty-Five................................................................................. 495
China Rising: The Way Forward in Sino-US Relations
James A. Kelly
Commentary ............................................................................................ 500
Lynn T. White III
Marilyn B. Young, Professor, Dept of History, New York University 1. The product of brilliant scholars from three continents, this book looks beyond the veil to tell us about the constructive roles that women play in international relations.
2. Bigots beware! 3. The lesson of this timely and brilliant Shanghai project is that women are beginning to shape our international community, and very possibly for the better. Rhodri Jeffreys Jones, Department of History, University of Edinburgh
Partial previews of this book are available on Amazon and Google and through the publishers website. See:
https://www.amazon.com/Bonds-Across-Borders-International-Relations/dp/1847182801/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1489474374&sr=1-1&keywords=bonds+across+borders+priscilla+roberts#reader_1847182801
https://books.google.ie/books?isbn=1443811750
https://books.google.ie/books?id=nEBJDAAAQBAJ&pg=PP3&dq=roberts+bonds+across+borders+women&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjtgKmatdXSAhULwbwKHdO3DXwQ6AEIGTAA#v=onepage&q=roberts%20bonds%20across%20borders%20women&f=false
http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/58034
Contents
Introduction: Women and International Relations: A Historian’s View ..... 1
Priscilla Roberts
Part I: Gender, War, and Peace in International Relations
Chapter One............................................................................................... 34
Women/Gender and International Relations: An Overview
Rosemary Foot
Chapter Two.............................................................................................. 48
Man, the State, and Sovereignty: The Construction, Practice,
and Remaking of Sovereignty from a Feminist Standpoint
Qiu Fang
Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 67
Women’s International Organizations, the United Nations,
and International Relations
He Peiqun
Chapter Four.............................................................................................. 82
War and Peace from a Gender Perspective
Hu Chuanrong
Chapter Five .............................................................................................. 92
The American Woman’s Peace Party and Its Heritage
He Hui
Chapter Six.............................................................................................. 101
Women and Security Studies: Some Observations
Wu Chunsi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
Part II: Women as Diplomats: The Public Sphere
Chapter Seven.......................................................................................... 104
Madeleine Albright and Condoleeza Rice: The Woman Question
and US Foreign Policy
Joan Hoff
Chapter Eight........................................................................................... 136
Women and Diplomacy
Julia Chang Bloch
Chapter Nine............................................................................................ 148
Women in a Changing World
Song Yimin
Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 156
Tentative Reflections on Women’s Diplomatic Role and Position
Xia Yongfang
Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 160
Women, Marriage, and International Relations
Li Yingtao
Part III: Women and Informal Diplomacy
Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 178
The Song Sisters and British Diplomacy Toward China, 1915-1943
Chan Lau Kit-ching
Chapter Thirteen...................................................................................... 193
Clara Haslewood and the Children of Empire: Colonial Policy,
International Relations, and “Child Slavery” in Hong Kong
David M. Pomfret
Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 201
Women Missionaries and Sino-British Relations, 1900-1949
Peter Cunich
BONDS ACROSS BORDERS: WOMEN, CHINA AND INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS IN THE MODERN WORLD
vii
Chapter Fifteen........................................................................................ 217
Jessie Boyd: Undocumented Participant in Sino-Canadian
International Relations, 1912-1947
Thomas A. Stanley
Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 230
“This One Thing I Do”: A Single-Minded American in China
Norman G. Owen
Part IV: Looking Forward: Future Directions
Chapter Seventeen................................................................................... 240
Little Cause(s) for Celebration: American Women, “Domestic Policy,”
and International Relations
Gordon E. Slethaug
Chapter Eighteen ..................................................................................... 257
Perspectives on Women and Diplomacy: A View from Hong Kong
Staci Ford
Chapter Nineteen..................................................................................... 274
Gender and International Relations: Future Directions
Linda J. Yarr
Introduction : the Vietnam War in its international setting / Priscilla Roberts 1
1 Mao Zedong and the Indochina wars / Yang Kuisong 55
2 Forging a new relationship : the Soviet Union and Vietnam, 1955 / Mari Olsen 97
3 Opportunities lost? : Kennedy, China, and Vietnam / Noam Kochavi 127
4 The French recognition of China and its implications for the Vietnam War / Fredrik Logevall 153
5 The economic and political impact of the Vietnam War on China in 1964 / Li Xiangqian 173
6 Informing the enemy : Sino-American "signaling" and the Vietnam War, 1965 / James G. Hershberg, Chen Jian 193
7 Beijing's aid to Hanoi and the United States-China confrontations, 1964-1968 / Shu Guang Zhang 259
8 The Sino-Soviet dispute over assistance for Vietnam's anti-American war, 1965-1972 / Li Danhui 289
9 The background to the shift in Chinese policy toward the United States in the late 1960s / Niu Jun 319
10 Sino-U.S. reconciliation and China's Vietnam policy / Shen Zhihua 349
11 China and the Cambodian conflict, 1970-1975 / Zhai Qiang 369
12 The Soviet-Chinese-Vietnamese triangle in the 1970s : the view from Moscow / Stephen J. Morris 405
13 Commentary : a Vietnamese scholar's perspective on the communist big powers and Vietnam / Luu Doan Huynh 433
14 Le Duan and the break with China / Stein Tonnesson, Christopher E. Goscha 453
15 Selected conversations of Asian communist leaders on Indochina 487
Available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301762495_Window_on_the_Forbidden_City_The_Beijing_Diaries_of_David_Bruce_1973-1974
Articles include:
Johan Saravanamuttu, "United States Cold War Discourse and Alliance Formation on the Eve of the Vietnam War," 13-24
Su Ge, "The Making of American Policy Towards Taiwan, 1948-1955," 25-45
Abu Talib Ahmad, "Neutralism and the Cold War: Burma-United States Relations, 1945-1955," 46-59
Richard Mason, "The United States, the Indonesian National Revolution and the Cold War," 60-75
Ariffin Omar, "The PRRI Rebellion of 1958: A Cold War Perspective," 76-86
Michael Vickery, "The Cold War and Cambodia," 87-118
Robert Garson, "The Road to Tiananmen Square: The United States and China, 1979-1989," 119-135
Pamela Sodhy, "United States-Malaysian Relations in the 1990s," 136-152
K. S. Nathan, "Asia and the Major Powers in the Late Twentieth Century: Interests, Influence, Issues and Involvement," 153-165
Introduction / Roberts, Priscilla 1
Cultural and educational interactions
Between sentiment and reason: The study of Sino-American relations in China / Jia, Qingguo 17
Impacts and responses: reflections on modern Sino-western cultural intercourse / He, Zhaowu 38
Cultural relations between the United States and China / Hong, Yong-shan 47
Nanjing University and Sino-American cultural relations / Li, Shuyou 55
Huachung College and the United States: A historical survey / Ma, Min 66
Yenching University and educational modernization in China / He, Di 82
Medical education in China: the American connection, 1912-1937 / Yip, Ka-che 94
The Rise, fall, and re-evaluation of Dewey's Philosophy in China / Pfister, Lauren 106
Knowledge transfer and Sino-American relations since Normalization / Postiglione, Gerard A. 123
Sino-American exchanges since Tiananmen / Shive, Glenn 135
Chinese ways of thinking and their influence on American poetry: From American Transcendentalism to the present / Grabber, Gudrun M. 144
Western modernist influences in Eileen (Ai-ling)Chang's - the golden Cangue and Li Ang's the butcher's wife / Paolini, Shirley J. 164
American-Chinese misunderstandings: Foundations for friendship / Scollard, Fredrikke Skinsnes, Trifonovitch, Gregory J., Zhuang, Cui, Shirley 180
Sino-American diplomacy: the republican period
The United States and the Chinese revolution / Tao, Wenzhao 205
The sinicization of the Chinese American Bank of Commerce: causes and consequences / Pugach, Noel H. 220
From Silver Agreement to Tung Oil Loan: the Origins of United States Aid to China in the Triangular Relations between China, Japan, and the United States during the 1930s / Xiang, Liling 238
America's Greatest Asia Expert? Douglas MacArthur and the American misunderstanding of China and Asia, 1935-1951 / Schaller, Michael 256
PRC Historiography on Chennault and the Flying Tigers during the Anti-Japanese War / Gu, Xuejia 284
Henry Luce and the Joseph Stilwell Controversy / Neils, Patricia 296
UNRRA, China, and the United States: efforts to Achieve China's Reconstruction through international cooperation, 1945-1947 / Rahman, Shamsur, A.F.M. 313
A Re-examination of the Instructions Used by Marshall's Mission in China (December 1945-January 1947) / Wang, Chen-main 349
The Marshall Mission and United States Relations with the Nationalists and Communists in China / Zhang, Han-ying 373
United States Policy toward China, 1946-1949: The Perspective of John Leighton Stuart / Rea, Kenneth W., Brewer, John C. 396
Sino-American Diplomacy since 1949
Reflections on United States-China Relations / Hsueh, Chun-tu 413
Sino-American Diplomatic and Economic Relations since 1949: an overview / Zhang, Jialin 424
Territorial Integrity and Sino-American relations: the case of Taiwan 437
The Role of the United States in Sino-Soviet Relations, 1956-1969 / Mei, Jinhua 458
"Pay Any Price, Bear Any Burden":John F. Kennedy and Sino-American Relations, 1961-1963 / Maga, Timothy P. 468
The United States and China since 1969 / Ding, Xingbao 482
A Rendezvous with history: Nixon, Mao, and the politics of normalization / Garson, Robert A. 497
Sino-American Technology Transfer since 1972 / Tong, Shuxing 518
New Dimensions in United States Trade Policy / Maidment, Richard A. 533
Contributors 558
Organizing Committee 562
LCCN 92152990
OCLC # ocm24938819
DESCRIPT. vii, 563 p. ; 26 cm.
SERIES Centre of Asian Studies occasional papers and monographs, no. 93
NOTE Includes papers presented at the conference "Sino-American Relations since 1990', held at the University of Hong Kong from January 3rd to 6th, 1990, organized by the Centre of Asian Studies of the University of Hong Kong and the American Studies Association of Hong Kong.
Available online at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301754909_Sino-American_Relations_Since_1900
Reference Books (As Editor) by Priscilla Roberts
The work begins with a preface and introduction and then offers illuminating introductory essays on the origins and course of the Cold War, which are followed by some 1,500 entries on key individuals, wars, battles, weapons systems, diplomacy, politics, economics, and art and culture.
Each entry has cross-references and a list of books for further reading.
The text includes more than 100 key primary source documents, a detailed chronology, a glossary, and a selective bibliography. Numerous illustrations and maps are inset throughout to provide additional context to the material.
FEATURES
Includes more than 1,500 entries covering all facets of the Cold War from its origins to its aftermath, including all political, diplomatic, military, social, economic, and cultural aspects
Incorporates the scholarship of more than 200 internationally recognized
contributors from around the world, many writing about events and issues from the perspective of their country of origin
Offers more than 100 original documents—a collection that draws heavily on material from archives in China, Eastern
Europe, and the former Soviet Union
Provides hundreds of powerful images and dozens of informative maps detailing specific military conflicts and movements of various groups
Includes a detailed chronology of important events that occurred before, during, and after the Cold War
“By gathering a group of both eminent and promising young scholars, this volume edited by Priscilla Roberts and Odd Arne Westad presents a series of fresh perspectives and revealing studies on why and how developments in Chinese politics, economy, society, culture, and international relations in the critical yet paradoxical “Long 1970s” had led to China’s embrace of the Reform and Opening-up Project, bringing about profound transformations to China as well as the larger world.” (Chen Jian, Distinguished Global Network Professor of History, New York University and NYU-Shanghai; Hu Shih Professor Emeritus, Cornell University, USA)
“The “long 1970s” – a period of near “existential crisis” in the West and real anguish and transformative change in China. This original volume considers these two inter-related historical processes in the watershed of the late 20th century. The death of Mao, Deng Xiaoping’s rise and second revolution, and bewildering changes domestically and in international affairs transformed China. China and the world have not been the same since. These excellent studies open a new field of investigation in China studies.” (Gordon H. Chang, Stanford University, USA, author “Fateful Times: A History of America’s Preoccupation with China” (2015))
I regret to say that this book is not available in China, thanks to Springer Nature/ Palgrave Macmillan's exceptionally broadbrush censorship of its publications for the China market. It was one of the more than 100,000 items ("less than 1 percent" of their content) that were blocked in Springer's China offerings. It is also a book worth reading!
The chapters are written by nine leading international scholars and address issues of diplomacy and politics, finance and economics, intelligence and propaganda, refugees and humanitarianism, tourism and popular culture, and their lasting impact on Hong Kong. Far from simply describing a historical period, these essays show that Hong Kong's unique Cold War experience may provide a viable blueprint for modern-day China to develop a similar model of good governance and may in fact hold the key to the successful implementation of the One Country Two Systems idea.
Hong Kong’s Twentieth Century: The Global Setting
Wang Gungwu
Prologue Cold War Hong Kong: The Foundations
Priscilla Roberts
Chapter 1 Cold War Hong Kong: Juggling Opposing Forces and Identities
Priscilla Roberts
Chapter 2 Hong Kong’s Enduring Global Business Relations
David R. Meyer
Chapter 3 Hong Kong and the Cold War in the 1950s
Tracy Steele
Chapter 4 The American Cold War in Hong Kong, 1949-1960: Intelligence and Propaganda
Lu Xun
Chapter 5 Crisis and Opportunity: The Work of Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals Inc. (ARCI) in Hong Kong and Beyond
Glen Peterson
Chapter 6 Hong Kong as an International Tourism Space: The Politics of American Tourism in the 1960s
Chi-Kwan Mark
Chapter 7 “Reel Sisters” and Other Diplomacy: Cathay Studios and Cold War Cultural Production
Stacilee Ford
Chapter 8 Hong Kong as a Global Frontier: Between China, Asia, and the World
Prasenjit Duara
Afterword Cold War Hong Kong: A Path to the Future?
Priscilla Roberts
Index
For further details of the two American Studies Network conferences on which most of this volume is based, see the US-China Education Trust website:
http://www.uscet.org/2013-annual-american-studies-network-conference-10th-anniversary
http://www.uscet.org/2014-annual-american-studies-network-conference
Preface ....................................................................................................... xii
Julia Chang Bloch
Introduction .............................................................................................. xvi
The Power of Culture: Encounters between China and the United States
Priscilla Roberts
Part I: Perspectives on Sino-American Relations
Chapter One ................................................................................................. 2
Geopolitics and Cultural Ambitions: The Evolution of US Strategy
in East Asia
Lv Qingguang
Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 14
Balancing Ideology, Strategy, and National Interests: The Reagan
Administration’s China Policies, 1981-1989
Kong Lingyu
Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 69
Recurrent Themes in American Presidential War Rhetoric
Zhang Yuan
Chapter Four .............................................................................................. 78
The Evolution of John Winthrop’s Views on American Indians
Yang Yingrun
Chapter Five ............................................................................................ 100
Words, Views, Moods, and Culture: The Obama Administration
Addresses China, January-November 2014
Mei Renyi
vi Table of Contents
Chapter Six .............................................................................................. 123
Challenging American Cultural Primacy: A New Chinese Long March
Qiu Linguang
Chapter Seven .......................................................................................... 136
How US Think Tanks Influence Cultural Security
Xiao Huan
Part II: Educational Exchanges
Chapter Eight ........................................................................................... 148
Cultural Cold War: The American Role in Establishing the Chinese
University of Hong Kong (CUHK)
Zhang Yang
Chapter Nine ............................................................................................ 170
The Impact of Cultural Exchange Programs on How Participants
Perceive their Host Countries
Chen Peiqin, Wu Ying and Pan Ji
Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 181
The Effects of China-US Exchange Programs on the Professional
Advancement of Chinese Participants: Evidence from Fulbright
Alumni in Beijing and Tianjin
Fu Meirong and Zhao Xin
Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 202
The Image of the Confucius Institutes in US Newspaper Reports
Ye Ying
Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 224
You Can See the Tree, Even in a Forest: Transforming Learning
Paradigms for Global Leadership
Rick J. Arrowood and Eva Kampits
Chapter Thirteen ...................................................................................... 228
ACCEX: Collaboration in Sino-American Cultural Understanding
Kathryn Mohrman
The Power of Culture vii
Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 233
US Educational NGOs and the Implications of Cultural Diplomacy
in China: The Case Study of the US-China Education Trust
Ni Jianping and Pan Yu
Chapter Fifteen ........................................................................................ 237
American Studies in China Today: Past, Present, and Future
Liu Jianfeng
Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 254
Transnational American Studies Today: The United States and China
Shelley Fisher Fishkin
Part III: Cultural Encounters: Representations, Appropriations,
and Interpretations
Chapter Seventeen ................................................................................... 276
Globalization of US National Culture: From Asian Abjection
to Guangdong Gothic
James Innis McDougall
Chapter Eighteen ..................................................................................... 294
Americanizing Female Immigrants in California, 1915-1924
Zhang Qingheng
Chapter Nineteen ..................................................................................... 324
Imagining the Phoenix Metaphor: From Chinese Culture to Chinese
American Culture and Sensibility
Wang Hui
Chapter Twenty ....................................................................................... 336
Crisis and Reconstruction of Cultural Identity: American Born Chinese
in The Joy Luck Club
Tang Jie
Chapter Twenty-One ............................................................................... 346
Going Global: Gender Across East-West Divides
Clara Juncker
viii Table of Contents
Chapter Twenty-Two ............................................................................... 357
Fei Cheng Wu Rao on Two Shores: Rethinking Dual Domination
Through China’s Transnational Matchmaking Show
Shan Mu Zhao
Chapter Twenty-Three ............................................................................. 378
Americanization of a Chinese Pastime? US Television Shows
and Cultural Consumption in China
Li Ye
Chapter Twenty-Four .............................................................................. 388
American Television Shows and Chinese Audiences: Cross-Cultural
Readings of The Good Wife
Huang Xiaoqu
Chapter Twenty-Five ............................................................................... 401
Promoting the “American Dream”: Hollywood Movies and US Soft Power
Li Yang and Xu Lili
Chapter Twenty-Six ................................................................................. 409
Blockbuster Dreams: Chimericanization in American Dreams in China
and Finding Mr. Right
Stacilee Ford
Chapter Twenty-Seven ............................................................................ 428
Why America Must Save the World: Captain America and His Enemies
Zhang Guoxi
Chapter Twenty-Eight ............................................................................. 445
Lost in Translation? Transnational American Rock Music of the Sixties
and Its Misreading in 1980s China
Teng Jimeng
Chapter Twenty-Nine .............................................................................. 466
The Effects of US Media News on Chinese Readers’ Political Trust
Guo Shilei
Chapter Thirty ......................................................................................... 477
US Media Representations of Chinese Women and Gender Issues
in China: The Case Study of the New York Times
Liu Liqun and Chen Zhijuan
The Power of Culture ix
Chapter Thirty-One ................................................................................. 499
Charm Offensive 2013: Comparative Chinese and American Media
Coverage of Peng Liyuan’s First Two International Tours
Zhai Zheng
For further details of the two American Studies Network conferences on which this volume is largely based, see the US-China Education Trust website, at:
http://www.uscet.org/asn-annual-meeting-2011
http://www.uscet.org/2012-annual-american-studies-network-conference
See also:
https://www.amazon.com/Going-Soft-Us-China-Global/dp/1443856681/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1489554697&sr=1-1&keywords=going+soft+priscilla+roberts#reader_1443856681
https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1443859427
https://books.google.com/books?id=rpoxBwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=power+of+culture+priscilla+roberts&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIvo_-39fSAhUMf7wKHdxFBD0Q6AEIIDAB#v=onepage&q=power%20of%20culture%20priscilla%20roberts&f=false
Preface / Julia Chang Bloch xiii
Introduction Going Soft? The US and China go Global / Priscilla Roberts xvi
pt. I Chinese Reflections on Soft Power
ch. One China's Soft Power and its Peaceful Rise as an Aspiring World Power: A Critical Assessment / Shi Yinhong 2
ch. Two Readjustments in US Pacific Strategy: China's Regional Options / Dai Changzheng 11
ch. Three American Competitiveness, American Soft Power / Kong Xiangyong 25
ch. Four Limitations of Soft Power / Kong Qingshan 51
ch. Five Potent Though Hard to Identify: Soft Power in China and the United States / Ma Xing 56
ch. Six Soft Power as a Soft-Balancing Tool: The European Union and China / Sun Yu 61
ch. Seven The China Model and the Decline of American Soft Power / Wang Li 72
pt. II Soft Power in International Practice
ch. Eight Soft Power and the Challenge of Social Equality / Sonya Michel 90
ch. Nine Cold War Cultural Representations: The Films of Charles and Ray Eames / Eric Schuldenfrei 108
ch. Ten Soft Power in Sino-American Relations / Priscilla Roberts 122
ch. Eleven Soft Containment: US Psychological Warfare Against China in the 1950s and 1960s / Guo Yonghu 141
ch. Twelve US Double Standards in Evaluating Human Rights in Tibet / Zhang Yuling 159
ch. Thirteen China's Soft Power and Political Credibility: An Analysis of International Reports of the July 23 Train Wreck in China / Sun Yu 187
ch. Fourteen Confucius: Cultural Icon of Chinese Cuisine in Post-Second World War America / Zhang Tao 196
ch. Fifteen Agency and Global Hypergamy: A Glimpse of Chinese Mail-Order Brides / Wu Xiaoping 211
ch. Sixteen Tiger Mothers and Diplomatic Fathers: Amy Chua and Henry Kissinger "On China" / Staci Ford 224
pt. III Soft Power and Social Questions in the United States
ch. Seventeen Sources of Power: Soft Power and the American Reform Tradition / Lv Qingguang 246
ch. Eighteen The Provincial Congresses in the Early American Revolution, 1774-1776 / Wang Bin 252
ch. Nineteen Inherent Contradictions in Jacksonian Democracy / Li Yang 268
ch. Twenty S̀oft Power' in American Foreign Expansion in the 1890s / Wang Jianhong 276
ch. Twenty-One American Liberalism and the Transformation of Single-Parent Families in the 1960s / Lv Hongyan 281
ch. Twenty-Two Interest Groups and Race-Conscious University Admissions / Yang Kui 290
ch. Twenty-Three Religion's Uneasy Place: Religious Engagement and Religious Freedom in American Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy / Brie Loskota 303
ch. Twenty-Four The Role of Protestantism in Enhancing Social Equality in the United States During the Progressive Era / Zhang Lei 314
ch. Twenty-Five Marginal Religions and Women's Rights in America / Yao Guigui 330
ch. Twenty-Six Religion, Diaspora and Hybrid Identity: Literary Representation in a Coming-of-Age Narrative / Lin Ling 339
ch. Twenty-Seven The Bird that Would Soar Above Tradition and Prejudice: The Inevitability of Edna's Death in The Awakening / Ye Ying 351
ch. Twenty-Eight Feminist Subjectivity and Independence in A Rose for Emily / Zhou Liyun 369
pt. IV American Presidential Politics as Seen from China
ch. Twenty-Nine Research on Freedom: The Past Decade / Yang Ming 380
ch. Thirty Liberty and Democracy in Presidential Inaugural Addresses, 1949-2012 / Qin Huifang 393
ch. Thirty-One A Tripartite Game: The Emergence of Horse-Race Coverage in the 1988 Democratic Primaries / Jiang Qingshuang 410
ch. Thirty-Two Continuity and Change: American Mainline Religious Denominations and the 2008 Presidential Election / Liu Xianming 422
ch. Thirty-Three Religion as a Factor in the 2012 Presidential Election / Zhang Yuan 431
ch. Thirty-Four Race in the 2012 Elections: Asian American Voting Patterns and Candidates / Huang Xiaoqu 441
ch. Thirty-Five Income Inequality and Partisan Polarization: A Cross-Sectional View / Tao Jingting 480
ch. Thirty-Six Competing to Reach Across the Aisle: Bipartisanship and Leadership in the 2012 Election / Xiong Yingzhe 498
ch. Thirty-Seven The Course of Governance of the Obama Administration: Re-Reading the Four State of the Union Messages / Mei Renyi 510
ch. Thirty-Eight Farewell, 2012! The Declining Chinese Image and its Impact on US-China Issues During the 2012 US Presidential Campaign / Zhang Zhexin 528
• A chronology lists all major events of World War II
• A bibliography provides an up-do-date selection of basic books, Internet sources, and movies and television series on World War II
• A glossary defines key World War II terms and phrases
• Extensive commentary, contextual information, and guiding questions accompany each document
Preface ......................................................................................................... x
Julia Chang Bloch
Introduction ................................................................................................. 1
China Views Nine-Eleven
Priscilla Roberts
Part I: The International Setting
Chapter One............................................................................................... 38
The Decline in the American Global Image Since 9/11
Mei Renyi
Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 77
Anti-Americanism in the Post-9/11 Era
Liu Mingzheng
Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 96
Continuities in American Empire: The Nineteenth-Century Inheritance
and the Return of History
Ian Tyrrell
Chapter Four ............................................................................................ 111
9/11 as Diplomatic Milestone and Turning Point
Priscilla Roberts
Chapter Five ............................................................................................ 126
Fluctuations and Adjustments in American Soft Power
After September 11, 2001
Xiao Huan
vi Table of Contents
Chapter Six .............................................................................................. 136
Failed Empire: The United States in the Post-Iraq War Era
Zhao Baomin
Chapter Seven.......................................................................................... 153
New Structures of American Foreign Strategy since September 11, 2001:
Seeking Cooperation with Asia-Pacific Countries
Qiu Huafei
Chapter Eight........................................................................................... 170
9/11 and American Neo-Conservatives
Li Zhidong
Chapter Nine............................................................................................ 206
Neo-Conservatives and Nation-Building
Shi Hongshen and Wang Enming
Part II: The American Scene: Domestic Politics
Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 224
American Electoral Politics: The Impact of September 11, 2001
Zhang Liping
Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 244
Party Polarization in Congress: Change and Continuity After 9/11
Xie Tao
Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 271
Presidential Practices After 9/11: Changes and Continuities
Daniel Galvin
Chapter Thirteen...................................................................................... 305
Evolving Post-9/11 Relations between the US Presidency and Congress
Yuan Jirong
Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 320
The Case Study of Illinois: The Impact of the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks
on Separation of Powers in the United States
Wang Yulan
China Views Nine-Eleven vii
Chapter Fifteen ........................................................................................ 350
Samuel P. Huntington’s Who Are We? and the Prevailing Deadlock
in US Immigration
Mei Renyi and Chen Juebin
Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 383
Paradox Unraveled: US Immigration after the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks
Jia Ning
Part III: The Cultural Impact
Chapter Seventeen ................................................................................... 402
Three Perspectives on 9/11: Entertainment, Politics, Mentality
John G. Blair
Chapter Eighteen ..................................................................................... 422
Ground Zero: Cultural Repercussions of 9/11
Alfred Hornung
Chapter Nineteen ..................................................................................... 434
History, Memory, and Fragmentation: Toward a Dialectical
and Allegorical Vision of Commemorating 9/11
Kit Lam
Chapter Twenty ....................................................................................... 456
From Complacency to Culpability: Conflict and Death in Post-9/11 Film
Michele Aaron
Chapter Twenty-One ............................................................................... 471
No Direction Home: Protest Music at a Crossroads since 9/11
Teng Jimeng
Two chapters, Li Jianming, Part IV, Thirty Years of Research in American History in China, and Wang Xiaode, Part V, Thirty Years of Research in American Diplomatic History in China, were published in the Journal of Transnational American Studies 3:1 (January 2011). Links are provided.
On USCET, see the website:
http://uscet.org/program-directory?field_program_current_past_value=All&field_program_area_tid=258&__utma=1.1462463110.1485405752.1485405752.1489549802.2&__utmb=1.1.10.1489549802&__utmc=1&__utmx=-&__utmz=1.1485405752.1.1.utmcsr=google|utmccn=(organic)|utmcmd=organic|utmctr=(not%20provided)&__utmv=-&__utmk=184874409
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………… 1
Priscilla Roberts
Chapter One
Thirty Years of American History Research in China ………………………………..…………10
Li Jianming
Chapter Two
Thirty Years of Research in American Diplomatic History in China ……………………….… 26
Wang Jiaode
Chapter Three
Thirty Years of Studying the History of Sino-US Relations ……………………………...…… 43
Tao Wenzhao
Chapter Four
Studies of American Politics in China Over the Past Thirty Years ……………………………. 61
Zhang Liping
Chapter Five
Chinese Studies of the US Economy and Sino-US Economic Relations ……………...………. 84
in the Past Thirty Years
Wang Rongjun
Chapter Six
American Military Studies in China in the Past Thirty Years ……………………...………….. 93
Xu Hui and Wang Haili
Chapter Seven
Chinese Studies of American Education in the Past Thirty Years ……………………………. 108
Ye Fugui
Chapter Eight
Thirty Years of American Social and Cultural Studies in China ……………………….……. 133
Ji Hong
Chapter Nine
Chinese Studies of American Literature and Culture in the Past Thirty Years ………………. 147
Jiang Ningkang, Zhang Zan, and Wang Lin
Fulltext can be accessed on Researchgate, at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301764169_Bridging_the_Sino-American_Divide_American_Studies_with_Chinese_Characteristics
Additional information and also some papers available online from the US-China Education Trust:
http://uscet.org/asn-publications-and-past-asn-conference-papers
http://uscet.org/programs/asn-annual-conferences-and-events
http://uscet.org/asn-annual-meeting-2006
Portions of the text are available online, through Amazon or Google Scholar, at:
https://www.amazon.com/Bridging-Sino-American-Divide-American-Characteristics/dp/1847183174/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1489550413&sr=1-2&keywords=bridging+the+sino-American+divide#reader_1847183174
https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1443811483
https://books.google.com/books?id=xmYZBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA277&dq=bridging+the+sino-american+divide&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi--87wz9fSAhVJG5QKHRIUBdgQ6AEIGTAA#v=onepage&q=bridging%20the%20sino-american%20divide&f=false
http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/58058
Preface....................................................................................................... xii
Julia Chang Bloch
Acknowledgments .................................................................................... xiv
Introduction ................................................................................................. 1
American Studies with Chinese Characteristics
Priscilla Roberts
Part I: China and American Studies
Chapter One............................................................................................... 42
How Far Along the Road to Mutual Understanding Have We Come?
Zi Zhongyun
Chapter Two.............................................................................................. 48
Localizing the Global: Shifting Centers, Chinese Ideology,
and American Studies
Wang Jianping
Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 59
American Studies in China: The Case Study of the Center for
American Studies, Fudan University
Sun Zhe
Chapter Four.............................................................................................. 76
Getting-Across: Course Design in “Major Issues
in American History and Culture”
Zhang Chong
Chapter Five .............................................................................................. 90
The American Studies Program of Sichuan University
Cheng Xilin
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
Chapter Six................................................................................................ 98
How Chinese University Students Understand American Values
Qiu Wangsheng
Chapter Seven.......................................................................................... 105
“Transnationalism and America,” the Lingnan Foundation,
and Innovative Teaching in China
Gordon E. Slethaug
Chapter Eight........................................................................................... 118
In/Visible Histories (China): Documentary Film,
Historical Memory, Interdisciplinary Inquiry, and Community Service
Gina Marchetti and Karsten Krüger
Chapter Nine............................................................................................ 128
A Survey of the Centre of American Studies, University of Hong Kong,
and Mainland Studies of Sino-US Relations
Zheng Hua
Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 145
Transitional Period Booms: The Study of William Faulkner in China
Feng Yi
Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 152
American Studies and Chinese Nation Studies Compared
Pan Weijuan
Commentary ............................................................................................ 163
Mei Renyi
Part II: Informal Sino-US Bridges: Literature, Popular Culture,
and the Personal
Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 170
Soft Power and American Diplomacy
Paul Levine
Chapter Thirteen...................................................................................... 182
The Implications of Ethnocentrism: Intercultural Communication
in the Sino-American Context
Wang Shijing
BRIDGING THE SINO-AMERICAN DIVIDE vii
Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 190
McDonald’s Democracy: A Cultural Perspective
Wang Qingjiang and Zhang Yijun
Chapter Fifteen........................................................................................ 212
Assimilating the American Alien in Localizing McDonald’s
Jiang Ningkang
Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 237
A Journey to Take: The Academic and Cultural Construction
of Chinese Teaching Assistants in American Universities
Meng Yaru and Li Huajun
Chapter Seventeen................................................................................... 260
Postmodern American-ness in Gish Jen’s Typical American
Zhang Xin
Chapter Eighteen ..................................................................................... 270
The Limits of Feminism: A US-Chinese Comparison
Susan Armitage
Chapter Nineteen..................................................................................... 277
Changed by the Encounter: Women Who Bridge the Sino-American
Divide
Staci Ford
Chapter Twenty ....................................................................................... 289
The Chinese Exclusion Act and Chinese Women
Yu Tingming
Chapter Twenty-One ............................................................................... 297
The Woman Principle in Contemporary Native American Literature:
The Heritage of Indian Culture in Winter in the Blood
Qin Sujue
Chapter Twenty-Two............................................................................... 306
The Development of Native American and Guizhou Miao Areas:
A Comparative Study
Li Jian
TABLE OF CONTENTS
viii
Chapter Twenty-Three............................................................................. 312
The Phonological and Metrical Beauty of Edgar Allen Poe’s Poetry
Liu Jianfeng
Commentary ............................................................................................ 326
Wang Jianping
Part III: Sino-US Diplomatic Relations: Past, Present, and Future
Chapter Twenty-Four .............................................................................. 332
Macao in the Making of Sino-US Relations: From the
Empress of China to the Treaty of Wangxia, 1784-1844
He Sibing
Chapter Twenty-Five............................................................................... 363
American Missionaries in Late Nineteenth-Century Chongqing
Zhang Tao
Chapter Twenty-Six................................................................................ 383
Walter H. Judd’s Understanding of Chinese Civilization
and Sino-American Cooperation During World War II
Kenneth Kai-Chung Yung
Chapter Twenty-Seven ............................................................................ 397
A Great Personality in World War II:
General Joseph W. Stilwell’s Humanistic Qualities
Xu Chongning
Chapter Twenty-Eight ............................................................................. 405
Watching China from Hong Kong
Nicholas Platt
Chapter Twenty-Nine .............................................................................. 412
Hong Kong’s Role in US-China Trade Relations During the 1970s
Mei Renyi and Chen Juebin
Chapter Thirty ......................................................................................... 433
Consensus and Conflict in Sino-US Relations
Zhang Liping
BRIDGING THE SINO-AMERICAN DIVIDE ix
Chapter Thirty-One ................................................................................. 447
China’s Peaceful Rise and the Sino-American Relationship
Zhuang Jianzhong
Chapter Thirty-Two................................................................................. 456
Sino-US Crisis Management
Qiu Meirong
Chapter Thirty-Three............................................................................... 468
Rival Masterminds in Northeast Asia
Zhao Baomin
Chapter Thirty-Four................................................................................. 485
The China Threat and American Grand Strategy:
Two Prophesies and Two Roads
Ye Jiang
Chapter Thirty-Five................................................................................. 495
China Rising: The Way Forward in Sino-US Relations
James A. Kelly
Commentary ............................................................................................ 500
Lynn T. White III
Marilyn B. Young, Professor, Dept of History, New York University 1. The product of brilliant scholars from three continents, this book looks beyond the veil to tell us about the constructive roles that women play in international relations.
2. Bigots beware! 3. The lesson of this timely and brilliant Shanghai project is that women are beginning to shape our international community, and very possibly for the better. Rhodri Jeffreys Jones, Department of History, University of Edinburgh
Partial previews of this book are available on Amazon and Google and through the publishers website. See:
https://www.amazon.com/Bonds-Across-Borders-International-Relations/dp/1847182801/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1489474374&sr=1-1&keywords=bonds+across+borders+priscilla+roberts#reader_1847182801
https://books.google.ie/books?isbn=1443811750
https://books.google.ie/books?id=nEBJDAAAQBAJ&pg=PP3&dq=roberts+bonds+across+borders+women&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjtgKmatdXSAhULwbwKHdO3DXwQ6AEIGTAA#v=onepage&q=roberts%20bonds%20across%20borders%20women&f=false
http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/58034
Contents
Introduction: Women and International Relations: A Historian’s View ..... 1
Priscilla Roberts
Part I: Gender, War, and Peace in International Relations
Chapter One............................................................................................... 34
Women/Gender and International Relations: An Overview
Rosemary Foot
Chapter Two.............................................................................................. 48
Man, the State, and Sovereignty: The Construction, Practice,
and Remaking of Sovereignty from a Feminist Standpoint
Qiu Fang
Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 67
Women’s International Organizations, the United Nations,
and International Relations
He Peiqun
Chapter Four.............................................................................................. 82
War and Peace from a Gender Perspective
Hu Chuanrong
Chapter Five .............................................................................................. 92
The American Woman’s Peace Party and Its Heritage
He Hui
Chapter Six.............................................................................................. 101
Women and Security Studies: Some Observations
Wu Chunsi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
Part II: Women as Diplomats: The Public Sphere
Chapter Seven.......................................................................................... 104
Madeleine Albright and Condoleeza Rice: The Woman Question
and US Foreign Policy
Joan Hoff
Chapter Eight........................................................................................... 136
Women and Diplomacy
Julia Chang Bloch
Chapter Nine............................................................................................ 148
Women in a Changing World
Song Yimin
Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 156
Tentative Reflections on Women’s Diplomatic Role and Position
Xia Yongfang
Chapter Eleven ........................................................................................ 160
Women, Marriage, and International Relations
Li Yingtao
Part III: Women and Informal Diplomacy
Chapter Twelve ....................................................................................... 178
The Song Sisters and British Diplomacy Toward China, 1915-1943
Chan Lau Kit-ching
Chapter Thirteen...................................................................................... 193
Clara Haslewood and the Children of Empire: Colonial Policy,
International Relations, and “Child Slavery” in Hong Kong
David M. Pomfret
Chapter Fourteen ..................................................................................... 201
Women Missionaries and Sino-British Relations, 1900-1949
Peter Cunich
BONDS ACROSS BORDERS: WOMEN, CHINA AND INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS IN THE MODERN WORLD
vii
Chapter Fifteen........................................................................................ 217
Jessie Boyd: Undocumented Participant in Sino-Canadian
International Relations, 1912-1947
Thomas A. Stanley
Chapter Sixteen ....................................................................................... 230
“This One Thing I Do”: A Single-Minded American in China
Norman G. Owen
Part IV: Looking Forward: Future Directions
Chapter Seventeen................................................................................... 240
Little Cause(s) for Celebration: American Women, “Domestic Policy,”
and International Relations
Gordon E. Slethaug
Chapter Eighteen ..................................................................................... 257
Perspectives on Women and Diplomacy: A View from Hong Kong
Staci Ford
Chapter Nineteen..................................................................................... 274
Gender and International Relations: Future Directions
Linda J. Yarr
Introduction : the Vietnam War in its international setting / Priscilla Roberts 1
1 Mao Zedong and the Indochina wars / Yang Kuisong 55
2 Forging a new relationship : the Soviet Union and Vietnam, 1955 / Mari Olsen 97
3 Opportunities lost? : Kennedy, China, and Vietnam / Noam Kochavi 127
4 The French recognition of China and its implications for the Vietnam War / Fredrik Logevall 153
5 The economic and political impact of the Vietnam War on China in 1964 / Li Xiangqian 173
6 Informing the enemy : Sino-American "signaling" and the Vietnam War, 1965 / James G. Hershberg, Chen Jian 193
7 Beijing's aid to Hanoi and the United States-China confrontations, 1964-1968 / Shu Guang Zhang 259
8 The Sino-Soviet dispute over assistance for Vietnam's anti-American war, 1965-1972 / Li Danhui 289
9 The background to the shift in Chinese policy toward the United States in the late 1960s / Niu Jun 319
10 Sino-U.S. reconciliation and China's Vietnam policy / Shen Zhihua 349
11 China and the Cambodian conflict, 1970-1975 / Zhai Qiang 369
12 The Soviet-Chinese-Vietnamese triangle in the 1970s : the view from Moscow / Stephen J. Morris 405
13 Commentary : a Vietnamese scholar's perspective on the communist big powers and Vietnam / Luu Doan Huynh 433
14 Le Duan and the break with China / Stein Tonnesson, Christopher E. Goscha 453
15 Selected conversations of Asian communist leaders on Indochina 487
Available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301762495_Window_on_the_Forbidden_City_The_Beijing_Diaries_of_David_Bruce_1973-1974
Articles include:
Johan Saravanamuttu, "United States Cold War Discourse and Alliance Formation on the Eve of the Vietnam War," 13-24
Su Ge, "The Making of American Policy Towards Taiwan, 1948-1955," 25-45
Abu Talib Ahmad, "Neutralism and the Cold War: Burma-United States Relations, 1945-1955," 46-59
Richard Mason, "The United States, the Indonesian National Revolution and the Cold War," 60-75
Ariffin Omar, "The PRRI Rebellion of 1958: A Cold War Perspective," 76-86
Michael Vickery, "The Cold War and Cambodia," 87-118
Robert Garson, "The Road to Tiananmen Square: The United States and China, 1979-1989," 119-135
Pamela Sodhy, "United States-Malaysian Relations in the 1990s," 136-152
K. S. Nathan, "Asia and the Major Powers in the Late Twentieth Century: Interests, Influence, Issues and Involvement," 153-165
Introduction / Roberts, Priscilla 1
Cultural and educational interactions
Between sentiment and reason: The study of Sino-American relations in China / Jia, Qingguo 17
Impacts and responses: reflections on modern Sino-western cultural intercourse / He, Zhaowu 38
Cultural relations between the United States and China / Hong, Yong-shan 47
Nanjing University and Sino-American cultural relations / Li, Shuyou 55
Huachung College and the United States: A historical survey / Ma, Min 66
Yenching University and educational modernization in China / He, Di 82
Medical education in China: the American connection, 1912-1937 / Yip, Ka-che 94
The Rise, fall, and re-evaluation of Dewey's Philosophy in China / Pfister, Lauren 106
Knowledge transfer and Sino-American relations since Normalization / Postiglione, Gerard A. 123
Sino-American exchanges since Tiananmen / Shive, Glenn 135
Chinese ways of thinking and their influence on American poetry: From American Transcendentalism to the present / Grabber, Gudrun M. 144
Western modernist influences in Eileen (Ai-ling)Chang's - the golden Cangue and Li Ang's the butcher's wife / Paolini, Shirley J. 164
American-Chinese misunderstandings: Foundations for friendship / Scollard, Fredrikke Skinsnes, Trifonovitch, Gregory J., Zhuang, Cui, Shirley 180
Sino-American diplomacy: the republican period
The United States and the Chinese revolution / Tao, Wenzhao 205
The sinicization of the Chinese American Bank of Commerce: causes and consequences / Pugach, Noel H. 220
From Silver Agreement to Tung Oil Loan: the Origins of United States Aid to China in the Triangular Relations between China, Japan, and the United States during the 1930s / Xiang, Liling 238
America's Greatest Asia Expert? Douglas MacArthur and the American misunderstanding of China and Asia, 1935-1951 / Schaller, Michael 256
PRC Historiography on Chennault and the Flying Tigers during the Anti-Japanese War / Gu, Xuejia 284
Henry Luce and the Joseph Stilwell Controversy / Neils, Patricia 296
UNRRA, China, and the United States: efforts to Achieve China's Reconstruction through international cooperation, 1945-1947 / Rahman, Shamsur, A.F.M. 313
A Re-examination of the Instructions Used by Marshall's Mission in China (December 1945-January 1947) / Wang, Chen-main 349
The Marshall Mission and United States Relations with the Nationalists and Communists in China / Zhang, Han-ying 373
United States Policy toward China, 1946-1949: The Perspective of John Leighton Stuart / Rea, Kenneth W., Brewer, John C. 396
Sino-American Diplomacy since 1949
Reflections on United States-China Relations / Hsueh, Chun-tu 413
Sino-American Diplomatic and Economic Relations since 1949: an overview / Zhang, Jialin 424
Territorial Integrity and Sino-American relations: the case of Taiwan 437
The Role of the United States in Sino-Soviet Relations, 1956-1969 / Mei, Jinhua 458
"Pay Any Price, Bear Any Burden":John F. Kennedy and Sino-American Relations, 1961-1963 / Maga, Timothy P. 468
The United States and China since 1969 / Ding, Xingbao 482
A Rendezvous with history: Nixon, Mao, and the politics of normalization / Garson, Robert A. 497
Sino-American Technology Transfer since 1972 / Tong, Shuxing 518
New Dimensions in United States Trade Policy / Maidment, Richard A. 533
Contributors 558
Organizing Committee 562
LCCN 92152990
OCLC # ocm24938819
DESCRIPT. vii, 563 p. ; 26 cm.
SERIES Centre of Asian Studies occasional papers and monographs, no. 93
NOTE Includes papers presented at the conference "Sino-American Relations since 1990', held at the University of Hong Kong from January 3rd to 6th, 1990, organized by the Centre of Asian Studies of the University of Hong Kong and the American Studies Association of Hong Kong.
Available online at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301754909_Sino-American_Relations_Since_1900
The work begins with a preface and introduction and then offers illuminating introductory essays on the origins and course of the Cold War, which are followed by some 1,500 entries on key individuals, wars, battles, weapons systems, diplomacy, politics, economics, and art and culture.
Each entry has cross-references and a list of books for further reading.
The text includes more than 100 key primary source documents, a detailed chronology, a glossary, and a selective bibliography. Numerous illustrations and maps are inset throughout to provide additional context to the material.
FEATURES
Includes more than 1,500 entries covering all facets of the Cold War from its origins to its aftermath, including all political, diplomatic, military, social, economic, and cultural aspects
Incorporates the scholarship of more than 200 internationally recognized
contributors from around the world, many writing about events and issues from the perspective of their country of origin
Offers more than 100 original documents—a collection that draws heavily on material from archives in China, Eastern
Europe, and the former Soviet Union
Provides hundreds of powerful images and dozens of informative maps detailing specific military conflicts and movements of various groups
Includes a detailed chronology of important events that occurred before, during, and after the Cold War
• Allows a wide audience of readers―from high school and college students to general readers―to understand the complex roots of the conflicting claims to the territory of Palestine
• Places the Arab-Israeli conflict in the broader international context of World Wars I and II and the Cold War, providing readers with an appreciation of why so many outside powers have taken an interest in the battle over this territory
• Relates the conflict over the territory of Palestine to both the region's imperial and colonial past and the history of 20th-century global decolonization and nationalism
• Includes some 90 primary source documents, including major official statements by all parties to the Israeli-Palestinian dispute, including Zionists, Israel, the Arab League, the Palestine Liberation Organization, Hamas, and Hezbollah as well as Great Britain, France, the League of Nations, the United States, the Soviet Union, and the Quartet
• Covers key topics―such as the creation of Israel in 1948 and the subsequent wars of 1956, 1967, and 1973; the impact of Israel's territorial acquisitions in 1967; the international peace negotiations of subsequent years that slowly brought peace settlements between Israel and some Arab states; and the establishment of Palestinian rule in the West Bank and Gaza―in detail.
Named Library Journal 2017 Best Reference Title, February 2018
Why is this conflict not just a localized dispute? Who are the players? What efforts have been made already, and why have they failed? Readers can follow the history (back to World War I) through primary documents, supported by the illuminating commentary provided here. Roberts gives context for each document, a brief assessment of its significance, and a paragraph analyzing its causes and consequences, followed whenever necessary by a historical summary bridge to the next document, in concise and judicious prose. If we can’t solve it, might we at least understand it?
Reviewed in American Reference Books Annual, 2018
"This excellent resource source employs 91 documents, divided chronologically into five chapters, to tell the story of the Arab-Israeli conflict. The documents cover a wide range of sources, including Arab, Israeli, Palestinian, U.S., UN, and Soviet/Russian. Although only a tiny portion of the record, and the inclusions are almost all excerpted, the selected documents still provide an incredible introduction to one of the most complex historical conflicts on record. Each document is placed in context and is followed by an analysis of its importance. Scattered throughout the volume are "Did You Know" sidebars on persons, places, and events central to the story. The volume also contains an introduction which explains the collection, a bibliography, websites and blogs, and an index. In sum, it is a superb source. Were it not for the expense, it would be a wonderful textbook for an advanced course specifically on the Arab-Israeli conflict. More practically, given the high profile and interest in the topic, many libraries will find the volume quite useful.
Joe P. Dunn - Charles A. Dana Professor of History and Politics, Converse College, Spartanburg, S.C
ARBA 2018
Named Booklist, Editors’ Choice Top Reference Title for 2016.
With more than 1,700 cross-referenced entries covering every aspect of World War II, the events and developments of the era, and myriad related subjects as well as a documents volume, this is the most comprehensive reference work available on the war.
• Provides a clear understanding of the causes of World War II, reaching back to World War I and the role of the Western democracies in its origin
• Examines home front developments in major countries during the war, such as race and gender relations in the United States
• Recognizes the important roles played by women in the war and describes how the United States mobilized its economy and citizenry for total war
• Discusses the Holocaust and establishes responsibility for this genocide
• Details the changing attitudes toward the war as expressed in film and literature
Named Booklist, Editors’ Choice: Reference Sources, 2014.
The version here is two files: Vols. 1-2, and Vols. 3-5.
Offering exhaustive coverage, detailed analyses, and the latest historical interpretations of events, this expansive, five-volume encyclopedia is the most comprehensive and detailed reference source on the First World War available today.
• Provides comprehensive coverage of the causes of the war that allows readers to fully understand the complex origins of such a monumental conflict
• Supplies detailed analyses and explanations of the events before, during, and after World War I, such as how the results of the war set the stage for the global Great Depression of the 1930s, as well as detailed biographical data on key military and civilian individuals during World War I
• Includes a chronologically organized document volume that enables students to examine the sources of historical information firsthand
• Covers all key battles, land and sea, and their impacts, as well as the critical technological developments that affected the war's outcomes
• Provides a comprehensive overview of one of the most complex conflicts in modern times, clarifying its causes and consequences
• Inspires critical thinking through perspective essays on topics related to the conflict that generate wide-spread debate
• Takes into account events such as the impact of the Arab Spring and the ongoing negotiations with Iran over its nuclear capabilities
• Offers valuable insights into the backgrounds and philosophies of the leaders on both sides who have helped defined the Arab-Israeli conflict
• Introductory essays examine the causes, course, and consequences of the war
• A bibliography includes recently published books as well as movies and electronic media
• A comprehensive chronology clarifies the order of historical events
• 73 alphabetically organized entries that offer valuable insights into the leaders, events, and ideas that shaped the Cuban Missile Crisis
• More than a dozen expert contributors representing all countries involved in the crisis
• Seven primary source documents, including President Kennedy's speech to the American public and letters exchanged between Premier Kruschev and Fidel Castro
• Biographies of major figures, including the Kennedys, Nikita Khrushchev, Fidel Castro, Adlai Stevenson, and Valerian Zorin
• A thorough chronology outlining all key events before, during, and after the crisis
• A comprehensive bibliography on the crisis, including a significant number of recent publications that have brought new understanding of the conflict to light
[“Dulles, John Foster,” 1:386-388; “Eisenhower, Dwight David,” 2:408-410; “Eisenhower Doctrine,” 2:410-411; “Europe and the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars,” 2:423-428; “France, Middle East Policy,” 2:463-466; “Kissinger, Henry Alfred,” 2:692-694; “Nixon, Richard Milhous,” 3:902-904; “Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier,” 3:968-969; “Reagan, Ronald Wilson,” 3:1021-1023; “Shultz, George Pratt,” 3:1125-1126; “Thatcher, Margaret,” 4:1232-1235; “United Kingdom,” 4:1271-1275; “United States, Middle Eastern Policy, 1917-1945,” 4:1310-1315; and “United States, Middle Eastern Policy Since 1945,” 4:1315-1326].
Choice Outstanding Academic Title for 2011; Booklist, Editors’ Choice, 2011.
This in-depth study of U.S. involvement in the modern Middle East carefully weighs the interplay of domestic, cultural, religious, diplomatic, international, and military events in one of the world's most troubled regions.
• Hundreds of alphabetically organized entries on wars, political events, religious and cultural issues, and diplomatic initiatives, as well as in-depth essays on background material, area and regional analyses, and biographical entries
• An introduction by General Anthony Zinni, USMC (Ret), former commander in chief of U.S. Central Command
• A chronologically arranged final volume comprised of primary and contemporary documents with individual introductions
• A detailed chronology of events
• Cross-references and books for further reading appended to each entry
• A bibliography of over 450 books that are the latest in the field
[“Adenauer. Konrad,” 1:32-34; “Bevin, Ernest” (with Chris Tudda), 1:214-216; “Dulles, John Foster,” 1:308-309; “Eisenhower, Dwight David,” 1:329-331; “France, Middle East Policy,” 1:370-374; “Johnson, Lyndon Baines,” 2:555-557; “Kissinger, Henry Alfred,” 2: 584-586; “Lloyd, Selwyn,” 2:644-645; “Marshall, George Catlett,” 2:666-668; “Nixon, Richard Milhous,” 2:740-742; “Reagan, Ronald Wilson,” 3:852-854; “Rogers, William Pierce,” 3:874-875; “Roosevelt, Franklin Delano,” 3:876-878; “Shultz, George Pratt,” 3:921-923]
Named Outstanding Reference Source, 2008, by RUSA-American Library Association; Distinguished Achievement Award for Social Studies Instruction (Reference Category), June 2009; Editors’ Choice, 2008, Booklist; Best Reference Choice, 2008, Pennsylvania School Librarians Association.
This exhaustive work offers readers at multiple levels key insights into the military, political, social, cultural, and religious origins of the Arab-Israeli conflict.
• With more than 750 alphabetically organized entries covering everything from important people, places, and events to a wide range of social and cultural topics―each entry featuring cross references and suggestions for further reading
• A separate documents volume offering an unprecedented collection of more than 150 essential primary sources
• Over 500 images, including maps, photographs, and illustrations
• A comprehensive introductory overview by retired general Anthony Zinni
Association of Educational Publishers, Distinguished Achievement Award for Social Studies Instruction (Reference Category), June 2008.
The most comprehensive and up-to-date student reference on the Cold War, offering expert coverage of all aspects of the conflict in a richly designed format, fully illustrated to give students a vivid sense of life in all countries affected by the war.
• 1,099 entries covering all facets of the Cold War from its origins to its aftermath, including political, diplomatic, military, social, and economic topics, as well as the lives of everyday citizens caught up in the conflict in countries around the world
• Over 200 internationally recognized contributors from around the world, many writing about events and issues from the perspective of their country of origin
• Over 175 original documents (each with its own introduction)―a collection that draws heavily on recently opened files from archives in China, Eastern Europe, and the former Soviet Union, and includes documents that reflect social and cultural life during the Cold War as well as political, military, and diplomatic issues
• 700 images of important persons, places, events, and artifacts, plus 50 carefully crafted tables and graphs that make important data clear and meaningful
• 47 maps detailing major military operations, from the Berlin Airlift to the battlefields of Vietnam
• A special resource area helps early researchers develop sound information literacy skills with a "how to use" section on using primary sources, reading maps, and how to use tables and charts
Association of Educational Publishers, Distinguished Achievement Award for Social Studies Instruction (Reference Category), June 2008.
A comprehensive five-volume reference on the defining conflict of the second half of the 20th century, covering all aspects of the Cold War as it influenced events around the world.
• 1,299 entries covering all facets of the Cold War from its origins to its aftermath, including all political, diplomatic, military, social, economic, and cultural aspects of the conflict
• Over 200 internationally recognized contributors from around the world, many writing about events and issues from the perspective of their country of origin
• Over 175 original documents―a collection that draws heavily on recently opened files from archives in China, Eastern Europe, and the former Soviet Union
• More than 470 powerful images and illustrations plus 47 maps detailing specific military conflicts and movements of various groups
• Indexes that are both alphabetically and categorically organized, covering people, places, events, weapons systems, and more
Both print and e-book versions received the American Association of Educational Publishers Distinguished Achievement Award, 2006.
Featuring a wealth of new information and an extraordinary gallery of images, this five-volume set is the new standard reference for introducing students to World War I.
• Over 1,000 A–Z entries that give students access to important, clarifying scholarship on everything from military engagements (Battle of the Somme), to famous people (Lawrence of Arabia), to the diplomatic world (Treaty of Versailles), and much, much more
• 150 contributors, including scholars from the United States, Britain, China, Japan, Australia, France, Germany, Austria, and Scandinavia, helping students understand the war from all points of view
• An inviting design incorporating 771 photographs, including contemporaneous images of individuals, scenes from the front lines, posters, and weapon technologies
• A comprehensive chronology of the war to give students a sense of time and relationship between the major events of the conflict
• 53 charts, battle maps, and locational maps provide the geographic context necessary to understand how the conflict moved and why and where the battlefield stalled
• A resource area designed especially with students in mind, featuring a general and a category index (e.g. individuals, event, country, etc.), a "How to Use" section (for working with maps, primary sources, and tables and charts), and a list of reliable, vetted websites for further research
Named Outstanding Reference Source, 2005, by RUSA-American Library Association; Choice Outstanding Academic Title, 2006; Editors’ Choice, 2006, by Booklist.
Featuring a wealth of new information and the work of acclaimed scholars from around the world, this monumental resource is the new standard reference on the 20th century's most influential conflict.
• 1,219 A–Z entries covering military culture and tactics for all engaged armies in unprecedented depth, describing important events (the sinking of the Lusitania, the Arab revolt), cultural and political figures (Ferdinand Foch, Wilfred Owen), geopolitical agreements (the covenant of the League of Nations), social issues (the role of religions), and much more
• 175 contributors, including scholars from the United States, Britain, China, Japan, Australia, France, Germany, Austria, and Scandinavia, giving this encyclopedia an unprecedented global perspective
• A separate primary source volume with 195 official documents, diary entries, and letters from all types of people involved in the war, with introductory information to place the documents in historical context
• An opening section of 35 battle and locational maps providing the geographic context necessary to understand how the conflict moved and where and why the battlefield stalled
• Insightful introductory essays that discuss the root causes of the war, the catalyzing events that lead to the outbreak of war, an overview of the war itself, and a discussion of the long-term impact of the war, providing context for the A–Z entries that follow
• A list of comparative military ranks, glossary, historiography, and general bibliography, plus a comprehensive chronology providing researchers and readers with a sense of time and relationship between the major events of the conflict
Designed with the more visual needs of today's student in mind, this landmark encyclopedia covers the entire scope of the Second World War, from its earliest roots to its continuing impact on global politics and human society. Over 1,000 illustrations, maps, and primary source materials enhance the text and make history come alive for students and faculty alike.
• 950 A–Z entries, including lengthy biographies of individuals, studies of battles, details of weapons systems, and analyses of wartime conferences―all of the topics students look for, and teachers and educators need to have for their classes
• Over 270 contributors, including an unprecedented number of non-U.S. authorities, many from Japan and China, giving students a truly global understanding of the war
• An inviting design incorporating 600 photographs, including contemporaneous images of individuals, scenes from the front lines, posters, and weapon technologies
• A separate primary source volume offering a wide array of materials ranging from official documents to personal correspondence
• An early section of 70 detailed geopolitical and military maps, show students the basic sweep of the war
Named Editors’ Choice, 2004, by Booklist; Library Journal 2005, Best Reference Title.
An unprecedented achievement in publishing―a multivolume encyclopedic resource, for both the general reader and specialist―on the central conflict of the 20th century, The Encyclopedia of World War II covers the entire scope of the Second World War from its earliest roots to its continuing impact on global politics and human society.
• Over 1,400 A–Z entries, including lengthy biographies of individuals, studies of battles, details of weapons systems, and analyses of wartime conferences, crucial battlefield and diplomatic turning points, and lingering historical controversies
• Over 270 contributors, including an unprecedented number of international authorities (many from Japan and China), giving the work a global perspective no other encyclopedia on World War II can match
• A wealth of primary documents, ranging from official documents to personal correspondence, is included in a separate volume
• An introductory section with 70 detailed geopolitical and military maps providing a clear orientation for proceeding with research into specific topics and events, as well as 300 photographs, illustrations, charts, and tables
• Includes a discussion of military ranks of the major warring powers and a lengthy comparative table of officers and enlisted men
Named Best Reference Source, 2000, by Library Journal; Editors’ Choice, 2000, by Booklist; Society of School Librarians International Best Book, 2000.
Tucker, who also edited ABC-CLIO's Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History (1998), has produced a similar book for the Korean War, utilizing an A-Z format complemented with a broad selection of maps, primary source documents, and additional supporting materials, including a host of illustrations and a detailed time line. Among the contributors are experts with military and academic backgrounds (a number of them Korean), and the introduction is written by John S. D. Eisenhower. A comprehensive list of entries followed by the same selection of 20 maps appears at the start of each volume. The maps are in black and white, with most detailing the war's main battles. More than 600 entries make up the first two volumes of the set. The typical entry spans one to three pages, although longer entries are not uncommon. True to its subtitle, this encyclopedia's scope goes beyond the military and directly associated political events surrounding the conflict and treats the social and political climate of the time. Topics such as African-Americans and the Korean War, McCarthyism, and Poetry of the Korean War are covered with thought-provoking articles. Of course, essential information surrounding the war's battles, military and political leaders, combat equipment and techniques, and political events is well covered and often discussed in detail. Each entry includes a list of references to other materials and cross-references to other entries in the encyclopedia. Volume three offers easy access to 147 primary source documents and additional supporting materials. The documents are presented in chronological order and cover key speeches as well as major reports and agreements. The volume also offers a useful time line, an order of battle, a selected bibliography, and a general index. Libraries owning Tucker's Vietnam encyclopedia should find this work a similarly useful resource.
Donald Trump’s election has called into question many fundamental assumptions about politics and society. Should the forty-fifth president of the United States make us reconsider the nature and future of the global order? Collecting a wide range of perspectives from leading political scientists, historians, and international-relations scholars, Chaos in the Liberal Order explores the global trends that led to Trump’s stunning victory and the impact his presidency will have on the international political landscape.
Contributors situate Trump among past foreign policy upheavals and enduring models for global governance, seeking to understand how and why he departs from precedents and norms. The book considers key issues, such as what Trump means for America’s role in the world; the relationship between domestic and international politics; and Trump’s place in the rise of the far right worldwide. It poses challenging questions, including: Does Trump’s election signal the downfall of the liberal order or unveil its resilience? What is the importance of individual leaders for the international system, and to what extent is Trump an outlier? Is there a Trump doctrine, or is America’s president fundamentally impulsive and scattershot? The book considers the effects of Trump’s presidency on trends in human rights, international alliances, and regional conflicts. With provocative contributions from prominent figures such as Stephen M. Walt, Andrew J. Bacevich, and Samuel Moyn, this timely collection brings much-needed expert perspectives on our tumultuous era.
'Influence' is a slippery concept, yet one of tremendous relevance for those wishing to understand global politics. From debates on the changing sources of power in the international system, through to analyses of its value as an alternative to the active use of force as a policy instrument, influence has become a recurrent theme in discussions of international relations and foreign policy. In order to provide a better understanding of the multifaceted and shifting nature of influence, this volume looks at how the British government employed various forms of pressure and persuasion to achieve its goals across the twentieth century. By focusing on Britain - a global actor with great power objectives but declining physical means - the collection provides a wide range of case studies to assess how influence was brought to bear on a wide array of non-western cultures and societies. It furthermore allows for an assessment of just how effective - or ineffective - British efforts were at influencing non-Western targets over a hundred years of operations. By shedding important light on the efficacy of British efforts to sustain and advance its interests in the twentieth century, the volume will be of interest not only to historians, but to anyone interested in contemporary problems surrounding the operation of influence as a foreign policy tool.
A Companion to Woodrow Wilson presents a compilation of essays contributed by various scholars in the field that cover all aspects of the life and career of America’s 28th president. •Represents the only current anthology of essays to introduce readers to the scholarship on all aspects of Wilson's life and career •Offers a 'one stop' destination for anyone interested in understanding how the scholarship on Wilson has evolved and where it stands now.
Resurgent Adventures with Britannia builds upon Wm. Roger Louis's stimulating and acclaimed series, Adventures with Britannia, and draws upon a distinguished array of writers and scholars - historians, political scientists, journalists, novelists, biographers, and English literature specialists - to guide the reader through a fascinating labyrinth of British culture, history, and politics. They provide a unique insight into the pivotal themes, both political and cultural, which have shaped 20th century state and society. There is detailed consideration of the works of leading figures in art, literature, politics, and scholarship - including portraits of Hugh Trevor-Roper by Neal Ascherson, Nye Bevan by Kenneth O. Morgan, and Margaret Thatcher by Archie Brown - and how these stellar figures have been deeply affected by war, the imperial experience, decolonization, the enduring problems of the Middle East, Communism, the Cold War, and the British-America connections. And there are assessments by leading historians of statesmen, and episodes in global history, which have shaped the modern age. The result is a rich mix of original ideas, historical and literary allusion, personality, and anecdote, which together provide an intellectual adventure into the mainsprings of modern British and international society.
Cities, for the most part, are America. Their values and problems define not only what the United States is, but what other nations perceive the United States to be. Roads and transportation, on the other hand, and their impact on the American culture and lifestyle, form not only the integral part of the historical rise-and-shine of the modern city, but a physical release from and a cultural antidote to its pressure-cooker stresses. Tracing the boundless variety and complexity of these twin themes, All Roads Lead to the American City is built around an interlinked series of essays on the urban culture in America. Juxtaposing the city and the road, it looks alternatively at cities as historical, geographical, social and cultural centres of life in the land, and at roads as physical as well as metaphorical arteries that lead in and out of the city.
A rising China immediately raises two pressing questions. First, the phenomenal growth of Chinese power occurred at the same time as the equally eye-catching display of hostile confrontations and conflicts between China and the United States from the mid-1990s into the early 2000s. How the lone super power of the post-Cold War world and the former Celestial Emperor of Asia that is again on the rise will accommodate each other and the impact that this may have are issues of grave concern to scholars. Second, the world of the twenty-first century has changed significantly, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. How the players in the region – who themselves have undergone many changes – perceive and respond to the interaction between the two titans are important questions for scholars of Sino-US relations. It is precisely these questions that this volume seeks to shed light on. It explores selected themes in Sino-US relations in the new century and examines how players in the region, as individuals or as blocs, act upon or react to the interaction between the two giants.
The period since 1945 has been one of enormous change and tribulation in the United States. The country emerged from World War II as a superpower, yet is still confronted by threats from abroad. On the domestic front, in the early part of the period, a great revolution occurred in American society as women and minorities battled for legal and human rights.
The challenge of teaching courses on this period is to bring some order out of the rapid change and great upheaval without losing the sense of drama and tension experienced by those who lived through it. The Human Tradition in America since 1945 provides professors with a way to help students understand both the sweeping changes and some of the individual contributions to those changes by presenting the personal stories of twelve Americans. In these brief biographical essays, students will meet a wide range of diverse individuals-both men and women, rich and poor, powerful and vulnerable-who represent key elements of post-World War II America.
The volume is organized around the dual themes of power and revolution. The pieces in the first half of the book focus on the Cold War: the careers of the subjects in the first three pieces are indicative of Cold War globalism and the rise of the national security state in the early Cold War years; the next three subjects represent different reactions to American globalism and its domestic consequences. The second half of the text explores the revolutionary social reform in America. The lives of those profiled in the first three essays reveal the considerable individual sacrifice made to bring about these transformations; the remaining essays deal with how the conventional political process tried to accommodate international and domestic tensions.
These original, lively essays by leading scholars put a human face on the globalism and social activism that are emblematic of America since 1945.
A copy is available in the library of the University of Hong Kong. See catalogue entry:
http://library.hku.hk/search/t?SEARCH=united+states+and+the+asia-pacific+region+in+the+twentieth+centu
TITLE The United States and the Asia-Pacific region in the twentieth century / The Chinese Association for American Studies, The Institute of American Studies, CASS ; [editors in chief, Shi Xianrong, Mei Renyi ; executive editors, Jin Canrong, Zhao Mei ; managing editor, Liu Baoming].
IMPRINT [Beijing] : Modern Press, c1993.
Permanent URL for this record=> http://library.hku.hk/record=b1372811
Main Library 327.7305 U5 S AVAILABLE
the Harvard academic Graham Allison, who was previously best known for his study of decision-making during the October 1962 Cuban missile crisis between the United States and the Soviet Union, published the first of a series of op-eds and articles, which were ultimately expanded into a bestselling book, that argued that the chances of outright war between two great powers, the United States, the current global hegemon, and the People’s Republic of China (PRC), a rising and ambitious rival for world supremacy, were uncomfortably high. This lengthy review of two significant works discussing the theory of the Thucydides Trap seeks to assess the applicability of the concept to the current state of relations between China and the United States.
David Shambaugh. “U.S.-China Rivalry in Southeast Asia: Power Shift or Competitive Coexistence.” International Security 42:4 (Spring 2018): 85-127.
Eric Heginbotham and Richard J. Samuels. “Active Denial: Redesigning Japan’s Response to China’s Military Challenge.” International Security 42:4 (Spring 2018): 128-169.
Jennifer Lind and Daryl G. Press. “Markets or Mercantilism? How China Secures Its Energy Supplies.” International Security 42:4 (Spring 2018): 170-204.
Each of these three articles views China’s rapid growth in both economic and military power through a somewhat different lens. In all, though, the competition for power and influence between China and the United States, whether in Southeast Asia or Japan, over access to scarce energy supplies, or more broadly in Asia and beyond, is a palpable presence, its implications framing, underlying, and driving the entire essays. It seem that in the global context it is impossible to discuss China without also bringing in the United States. The relationship is fundamentally asymmetric, since the reverse is not true of the United States. For China, the constant near inescapable imperative to measure itself against the United States represents something of an existential dilemma. Should Chinese leaders set their country the competitive goal of performing better than the United States in areas where it currently excels, or should they rather change the arena and opt for a different and purportedly better playing field? Equally frustrating is China’s inability to operate internationally, most particularly in its own backyard, without in some manner falling under the shadow of the United States. Yet, however infuriating China’s leaders may find the constant references back to their sporadic model and great rival, at least for the indefinite future, they will almost certainly have to live with them. As these articles demonstrate, when considering China in any international setting, the United States is an inevitable part of the equation.
http://tiny.cc/ISSF-AR104
https://issforum.org/articlereviews/104-china
https://issforum.org/ISSF/PDF/ISSF-AR104.pdf
One of four round-table reviews (the others are by David C. Atkinson, Madeline Y. Hsu, and Eileen P. Scully) of Meredith Oyen's recent book, The Diplomacy of Migration: Transnational Lives and the Making of U.S.-Chinese Relations in the Cold War
This detailed two-volume set considers the Vietnam War, one of America's longest and bloodiest wars, from a topical perspective, addressing the main characters and key events of the war and supplying many relevant primary source documents.
The Vietnam War not only claimed the lives of nearly 60,000 Americans and more than a million Vietnamese, but the prolonged conflict also resulted in a firestorm of protest at home that shook the foundations of the country and made U.S. citizens question the moral principles and motivations behind our foreign policy and military actions.
Written in a very accessible style by recognized authorities on the war, Vietnam War: A Topical Exploration and Primary Source Collection provides students and general readers with a complete overview of the conflict in Vietnam—a broad topic that remains an important part of the American history and world history curriculum. Using a topical approach to cover all aspects of the war, the set enables students to see the complete picture of the conflict through its presentation of reference entries and documents arranged in cohesive, compelling chapters.
Examples of the primary documents in the set include "Communist Party: Evaluation of the Tet Offensive" (1968) and President Richard Nixon's Speech on Vietnamization (1969). These primary sources are augmented by oral histories of soldiers who fought in the Tet Offensive. Additionally, maps and images in each section enhance the aesthetic appeal of the book and heighten students' understanding of the material. Readers will come away with both a strong comprehension of the Vietnam War as well as an appreciation for how significant this proxy conflict was as a lead-up event to the global Cold War.
Features
•Comprehensively explains how the Vietnam War became one of the United States' longest and bloodiest wars and why it served as a society- and culture-changing event, even for the millions of Americans who were not directly involved in the conflict
•Examines 14 key topics within and surrounding the Vietnam War, ranging from the First Indochina War to the aftermath of the war for both Vietnam and the United States
•Includes key primary source documents, illustrations and maps, an extensive bibliography, and a detailed chronology
This provocative examination of major controversies in military history enables readers to learn how scholars approach controversial topics and provides a model for students in the study and discussion of other historical events. • Provides compelling examinations of major controversies in military history from the time of the ancient world to the modern day • Enables readers to see how historians address such topics and understand how their process could be applied to other topics or research areas • Offers a bibliography specific to each topic to give students looking to do further research a wealth of options
With its authoritative reference entries, multiple introductory and perspective essays, primary source documents, detailed chronology, and bibliography, this single-volume reference provides all the key information readers need to understand this monumental conflict. • Includes perspective essays on such widely debated topics as what was the primary cause of World War I and whether the conflict made World War II inevitable • Supplies important primary source documents―such as the Balfour Declaration and the Zimmermann Telegram―that serve to put historical events into clearer context for students • Provides essential reference material for students, including entries on all the key events, people, and organizations, as well as a detailed chronology, key images, and maps
This book provides scholars and students examining Korea's place in modern world politics with an invaluable resource for understanding the causes, course, and consequences of the ongoing crisis on the Korean Peninsula. • Provides readers with an understanding of the reasons for the existence of two nations on the Korean Peninsula • Exposes how outside powers have intervened in Korean affairs throughout its modern history―with disastrous results • Explains the development of North Korea into an isolated nation with a government determined to possess nuclear weapons • Suggests avenues for Korea's reunification and the achievement of permanent peace and stability on the peninsula
This insightful encyclopedia examines the most influential commanders who have shaped military history and the course of world events from ancient times to the present.
• Profiles 500 military commanders who had a major impact on history in A–Z entries written in plain, easily understood language
• Provides critical analyses of the individuals themselves, off the field, as well as their significant contributions to military history―and in some cases, world history
• Includes more than 40 sidebars that provide interesting facts and insight into various military leaders as well as extensive references for further reading
In Spencer C. Tucker, ed., U.S. Conflicts in the 21st Century: Afghanistan War, Iraq War, and the War on Terror. 3 vols. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2015, 1: xxix-xliii, and 1:291-295.
This massive, four-volume work provides students with a close examination of 10 modern genocides enhanced by documents and introductions that provide additional historical and contemporary context for learning about and understanding these tragic events.
• Provides a comprehensive examination of 10 modern genocides together in a single reference work, written by experts to be easily readable by advanced high school, undergraduate, and graduate students
• Includes a collection of documents with each genocide section that also contains appropriate introductions to set the historical and contemporary context
• Addresses not only the sobering reality of these different modern genocides but the pervasive, long-term consequences and impact on the communities affected by them
• Supplies Analyze sections that allow for critical thinking while providing readers with insight into some of the most controversial and significant issues involving genocide
• Serves as a gateway to further explorations regarding questions on genocide prevention, intervention, and the delivery of humanitarian aid
• Helps readers understand the sociopolitical history of Russia and how it continues to exert a major influence in international affairs
• Showcases the complex role conflict has played in Russia throughout its history
• Includes an introductory essay that discusses how warfare in Russia has progressed over the centuries
• Offers entries on wars, battles, organizations, leaders, armies, weapons, and other aspects of war and military life
• Provides a ready reference for readers with little or no prior knowledge of Russian history
• Pulls together all the historical military threads that resulted in modern Germany
• Examines wars, battles, leaders, weapons, and strategy and tactics
• Features contributors from 14 countries, including official historians from America, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Estonia
• Offers biographies of selected German military leaders who made significant contributions in non-German wars, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Christian von Zweibrücken, and Johann Gottlieb Rall (American Revolution) and Carl Schurz (American Civil War)
• Includes 77 original documents, more than half of which were translated into English for the first time for this encyclopedia
[“Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier (1920-),” 339-341; (with Alan Allport), “United Kingdom,” 436-442; “United States Middle East Policy,” 468-475; also “Introductions” to various Documents, 501-521.]
This almanac provides a comprehensive, chronological overview of all American military history, serving as the standard reference work of its type.
Almanac of American Military History is yet another reference work from acclaimed historian Dr. Spencer C. Tucker and ABC-CLIO, offering an unprecedented resource for a wide range of students and researchers. A comprehensive, four-volume title, this almanac traces all of American military history from the European voyages of discovery through 2011, chronicling the pivotal moments that have shaped the United States into the country it is today. In addition to documenting key events, this title presents biographies of more than 250 key individuals and provides information on more than 250 historically significant technologies and weapons systems.
A detailed glossary is included, as are discussions of ranks and military awards and decorations. Divided into conflict periods, each chapter includes a detailed chronology, reference-entry sidebars, statistical information, primary-source documents, and a bibliography.
Features
•Biographies of 270 key individuals in American military history
•Over 50 documents with introductions
•200 charts
Highlights
•Represents a vital reference work for the study of American history for high school, college, and university students
•Provides comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and detailed descriptions of events
•Includes many maps and charts
•Contains extensive biographies and descriptions of important military technologies
[“Kuhn, Loeb and Company,” 1:423-424; “National City Bank (Citibank),” 2:5.]
A monumental undertaking. A stunning academic achievement. ABC-CLIO's World History Encyclopedia is the first comprehensive work to take a large-scale thematic look at the human species worldwide. Comprised of 21 volumes covering 9 eras, an introductory volume, and an index, it charts the extraordinary journey of humankind, revealing crucial connections among civilizations in different regions through the ages.
Within each era, the encyclopedia highlights pivotal interactions and exchanges among cultures within eight broad thematic categories: population and environment, society and culture, migration and travel, politics and statecraft, economics and trade, conflict and cooperation, thought and religion, science and technology. Aligned to national history standards and packed with images, primary resources, current citations, and extensive teaching and learning support, the World History Encyclopedia gives students, educators, researchers, and interested general readers a means of navigating the broad sweep of history unlike any ever published.
Features
•Contributions by a team of over 800 historians, anthropologists, sociologists, and other academics, focused on a world-based view of history, including well-known researchers as well as innovative newcomers who have made remarkable contributions. This multi-faceted approach offers a work that combines orthodox views with creative new perspectives
•Twenty-one volumes covering the breadth of human history, in nine eras: Beginnings of Human Society; Early Civilizations, 4000–1000 BCE; Classical Traditions, 1000 BCE–300 CE; Expanding Regional Civilizations, 300—1000; Intensified Hemispheric Interactions, 1000–1500; The First Global Age, 1450–1770; The Age of Revolutions, 1750–1914; Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945; Promises and Paradoxes, 1945–Present
•General chronologies plotting large-scale changes in human organization, in areas such as population flow, technological development, and the evolution of social and political institutions
•Hundreds of images and maps, plus charts and bibliographies
•A wide range of primary source excerpts (some translated into English for the first time) giving students firsthand exposure to the raw materials of historical research
Highlights
• No other reference offering a thematic presentation of world history provides such depth and breadth of coverage
• Designed to meet and exceed state and national standards, giving instructors, librarians, and curriculum specialists an innovative work of impeccable scholarship, reliable content, and practical utility
• Covers world history both chronologically and thematically, making it possible for researchers and students to take any number of paths through history
• Begins with an overview volume that describes the organization of the encyclopedia and introduces students to the methods, principles, and driving questions that motivate researchers in this field
In April 2015, the University of Hong Kong with great fanfare announced that it was one of the first universities (indeed, then Vice-Chancellor and President Peter Mathieson even said the first university) to sign up as a champion of the United Nations HeForShe initiative. This was intended to eradicate gender bias in tertiary institutions around the globe.
One of Prof. Mathieson’s major objectives, in a university where more than 50 percent of the undergraduate intake is female, was to increase the representation of women at higher levels in the university. He took great pride in the fact that he was championing gender equality, and attended and hosted numerous events celebrating this cause. More information is available at: https://www.hku.hk/about/policies_reports/HeForSheatHKU/
As it does every year, International Women’s Day is approaching. Let us therefore assess the progress that the University of Hong Kong has made in this area during the Mathieson years.
One index is the number of women who are employed in tenure-track, professoriate (assistant professor and above) positions, as opposed to non-professoriate teaching and research positions.
Another is the number of women admitted to research postgraduate (MPhil and PhD) programmes, which train them to become future academics.
The situation is slightly less than encouraging. In 2014, HKU had 1098 professoriate-level staff, of whom 314 (28.5%) were women. In 2018, HKU had 1087 professoriate-level staff, of whom 297 (27.3%) were women.
With International Women's Day coming up, some quick calculations on the rate of decline seem appropriate. Last year, the number of women at professoriate staff level fell by 21. If that rate of attrition continues, it will be fifteen years before there are no women in the professoriate (meaning the level of Asst Prof and upwards).
There is, however, a more optimistic scenario. If we start at 2015, when both the absolute no of women in the professoriate (330) and the ratio of women to men (2.9%) peaked, and Peter Mathieson announced the HeFakeShe initiative, the average attrition per year since then has been 0.53. At that rate, it will be 51.5 years before all women are eliminated from the professoriate.
And there is a middle scenario. If we start in 2016, when professoriate numbers were at their height and the proportion of women to men was 28.7%, then averaging out we can expect that figure to decline by 0.7% pa. The elimination of women from the HKU professoriate will then take 39 years.
Let us leave it to others to calculate just how long it will take to exclude women entirely from MPhil and PhD programmes. Many of them are in any case already accepting better and more lucrative offers from programmes overseas.
This being Hong Kong, it’s probably time the bookies started taking odds. It’s only a matter of time before there are no women in any but ancillary positions. Like raindrops crawling down a window, the question now is just how long.
It does all seem rather like the figures on Global Warming--you know it's coming, you just don't know how bad and how quick it will be.
http://www.nasser.org/NasserDocuments/NasserDocuments.aspx?lang=en
It is, however, a place to start, so let me put it up for whatever it may be worth.
http://op.asjournal.org/great-white-house-matcham-henry-jamess-last-novels/
This essay explores the significance of the mansion of Matcham in Henry James’s two final major novels, The Wings of the Dove (1902) and The Golden Bowl (1905). In many ways these works represent variations on a theme, the first a tragedy, the second a comedy. In each, two impecunious lovers who cannot afford to marry each other are confronted by the possibility of massively improving their own lives by their ability to charm the possessors of colossal American wealth. In each case, the fortunes involved prove a profound source of danger to their American owners and those who would exploit them alike, distorting the lives of everyone involved. And in each book, the same exclusive English country house, dazzlingly charming, luxurious, even sybaritic, and ultimately sinister, is the fulcrum of the plot. Matcham symbolizes the pinnacle of worldly social success to which—accompanied by wealth and love—leading characters in each novel aspire. It is these combined ambitions that make Milly Theale, the “dove” in the first novel, so vulnerable to manipulation by the attractive British friends who will seek to exploit her. Fanny Assingham, the often under-rated dea ex machina of The Golden Bowl, likewise uses the social aspirations of that novel’s American characters to precipitate its central situation. After key protagonists in each novel visit Matcham, what happened there resonates throughout the remaining story; nothing is ever the same again, as the machinery is set relentlessly on its course. By the end of each novel, the major protagonists have been forced to recognize that none of them will succeed in gaining and keeping the “everything” that their voracious appetites for life, love, and money led them to seek.
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES
Edited by Priscilla Roberts and Odd Arne Westad
CONTENTS
Preface
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures and Tables
Introduction: China and the Long 1970s: The Great Transformation
Priscilla Roberts
This book explores the forces that impelled China, the world’s largest socialist state, to make massive changes in its domestic and international stance during the long 1970s. Fourteen distinguished scholars investigate the special, perhaps crucial part that the territory of Hong Kong played in encouraging and midwifing China’s relationship with the non-Communist world. The Long 1970s were the years when China moved dramatically and decisively toward much closer relations with the non-Communist world. In the late 1970s, China also embarked on major economic reforms, designed to win it great power status by the early twenty-first centuries. The volume addresses the long-term implications of China’s choices for the outcome of the Cold War and in steering the global international outlook toward free-market capitalism. Decisions made in the 1970s are key to understanding the nature and policies of the Chinese state today and the worldview of current Chinese leaders.
Chapter 1: Untrusting and Untrusted: Mao’s China at the Crossroads, 1969
Sergey Radchenko
Chapter 2: Building China’s 1970s Green Revolution: Commune Responses to Population Growth, Decreasing Arable Land, and Capital Depreciation
Joshua Eisenman
Chapter 3: China and South Asia in the 1970s: Contrasting Trajectories
Jon Wilson
Chapter 4: Reimagining and Repositioning China in International Politics: The Role of Sports in China’s Long 1970s
Xu Guoqi
Chapter 5: From China’s “Barefoot Doctor” to Alma Ata: The Primary Health Care Movement in the Long 1970s
Zhou Xun
Chapter 6: China’s Economic Statecraft During the 1970s
Shu Guang Zhang
Chapter 7: The Roots of a Globalized Relationship: Western Knowledge of the Chinese Economy and US-China Relations in the Long 1970s
Federico Pachetti
Chapter 8: Sino-Australian Relations in the Long 1970s
Nicholas Thomas
Chapter 9: 1967 as the Turning Point in Hong Kong-British-PRC Relations
Valeria Zanier and Roberto Peruzzi
Chapter 10: Crisis or Opportunity? Britain, China, and the Decolonization of Hong Kong in the Long 1970s
Chi-kwan Mark
Chapter 11: “Bat lau dung laai”: Shifting Hong Kong Perspectives Towards the Vietnamese Boat People
John D. Wong
Chapter 12: Bringing the Chinese Back In: The Role of Quasi-Private Institutions in Britain and the United States
Priscilla Roberts
Conclusion: China and the Long 1970s as a Field of Research
Odd Arne Westad
Includes comments on the current state of play in Hong Kong politics
The product of the tenth and eleventh conferences of the American Studies Network of China, annual meetings that have helped to facilitate the development of American Studies within China. The English-language volumes resulting from these have also done much to introduce Chinese academic specialists in American Studies to a broader international audience.
From the early 1970s, Britain had mounted an ad hoc and far from perfectly coordinated programme of measures intended gradually to draw China back into the international system, and to moderate Chinese hostility to the outside world. A patchwork of high-level official, private, and semi-private visits and contacts by leading political figures went hand-in-hand with elite efforts to cultivate Chinese diplomats in London. At a slightly lower level, exchanges of delegations of every kind, businessmen, parliamentarians, librarians, meteorologists, scientists, sinologists, archeologists and museum specialists, engineers, journalists, physicians, heart surgeons, geneticists, and immunologists, agriculturalists, paleontologists, university vice-chancellors, and many others, became prominent in Sino-American relations. A relatively small number of individual students and academics began to travel in either direction, most either engaged in language study or British academic specialists on China. Highly publicized cultural and sporting events—major art exhibitions, British orchestras and ballet, Chinese acrobats and wushu experts, and badminton, ping pong, football, and swimming teams—attracted extensive public attention in both countries. These enterprises were far from one-sided; if officials and groups in Britain sought to improve relations with China, their counterparts in the People’s Republic also made active if tentative efforts—the more impressive because undertaken in conditions of deeply divisive ideological factionalism, when political mis-steps could bring severe penalties in their train—to develop ties with the United Kingdom.
Featured extensively in Xu Jue, The First Director of the US Liaison Office in China Surveys Media Policy, article in Chinese in Modern Chinese Studies 2003 Issue 2, available online at http://www.modernchinastudies.org/cn/issues/past-issues/81-mcs-2003-issue-2/1295-2012-01-06-09-16-39.html
Particularly valuable is a broad overview essay by Mark Metzler, who
juxtaposes different types and levels of crises in the political, economic,
social, and cultural spheres. He provides a detailed account of the
wartime economic boom that much of Asia enjoyed as a result of
demand for supplies of all kinds from the belligerent powers, especially the Allies, and its dramatic collapse in 1919–1920, accentuated by the
return of the United States to the gold standard and the sudden imposition of fierce deflation from June 1919 onward. His insights into the intimate temporal and causal linkages—an “organic connection”—between deflationary postwar monetary stabilization and the synchronous political settlement complement and expand on those of Adam Tooze’s masterly study, The Deluge: The Great War, America and the Remaking of the Global Order, 1916–1931 (2014), (Asia after Versailles, p. 47).
India features extensively in Metzler’s survey. Although over one
million Indians fought in World War I, many in the Middle East, only
recently have their contributions begun to win recognition. Metzler
describes the war’s profound and multifaceted impact on India itself.
Up to half the victims of the 1918–1919 global influenza pandemic,
perhaps fifteen million in all, may have been Indian—the greatest mortality rate in any country. He also highlights the degree to which
before, during, and after the war, the British authorities used India’s
gold reserves to bolster their own country’s financial position, so that
“poor India systematically extended credit to rich England” (p. 41). Metzler’s chapter clearly demonstrates how extensively and too often to the dominion’s detriment—despite occasional efforts by such liberals as
colonial secretary Edwin Montagu—Indian interests of all kinds were
habitually subordinated to those of the metropole.
An equally stimulating chapter by Cemil Aydin, a noted scholar of
both Pan-Islamist and Pan-Asian anti-Western movements, addresses
the war’s impact on the Islamic world. Ultimately, it broke up the
Ottoman Empire and ended the caliphate over Sunni Muslims exercised
by the Ottoman sultan in Istanbul since 1517. The implicit contract
between the British Empire and the many Muslim soldiers in its
Indian army—to respect Islam, especially its holy cities, and support
the continuation of Ottoman authority in substantial portions of existing
Ottoman territories—was, Aydin contends, broken by the postwar settlement.
Effectively, the Allied powers dismantled the Ottoman Empire,
converting many of its former Middle Eastern provinces into mandates
under British or French control. The largely Turkish state that Kemal
Atatürk founded—overturning most of the provisions of the Treaty of
Sèvres (1920) in favor of a new settlement, the Treaty of Lausanne
(1923), following the Turkish War of Independence—renounced pretensions to the caliphate or leadership of the Muslim world, pragmatically deciding that their small rump state, with perhaps eight million Muslims, should drop any aspirations to head a global community that outnumbered them many times over. The Lausanne agreement, Aydin argues, was an implicit bargain whereby Britain recognized Turkish sovereignty over Muslim Anatolia, in return for Turkey dropping Ottoman claims to influence over more than one hundred million Muslims in British India and Egypt. Turkey nonetheless became a model for other Islamic states, while Britain’s Middle Eastern policies “irreparably damaged British imperial legitimacy in the eyes of its Muslim subjects” (p. 69).
If, in what historian Erez Manela has termed “The Wilsonian
Moment” (The Wilsonian Moment: Self-Determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism [2009]), anti-imperialist
nationalists in Asia and the Middle East had pinned their hopes on President Woodrow Wilson’s pledges of self-determination, these expectations proved short lived, dissolving at Paris in what Metzler terms “the Wilson bubble” (p. 48). Almost half this volume’s chapters focus on an eclectic range of thinkers in Japan or China, two often antagonistic states that were usually at odds, not least over the disposition of Germany’s Shandong concession in north China, captured by Japanese and British forces in late 1914. In both China and the large Chinese community in France, Wilson’s decision to respect a 1918 agreement whereby the northern Beijing government ceded administration of Shandong to Japan in return for substantial loans prompted widespread nationalist demonstrations, and soon the founding of the Chinese Communist Party. China’s failure in 1919 to obtain an end to foreign extraterritorial privileges and Wilson’s effective veto of Japan’s moves to include provisions for the equality of states in the League of Nations covenant were galling manifestations of Western privilege that likewise helped to discredit the fledgling international organization with many Asians. Yet at Paris, as Naoko Shimizu highlights, and indeed throughout the next two decades, China, its internally divided government notwithstanding, surely proved more effective than Japan in presenting its case in the international media and using the League for its own purposes. Indian activists, another chapter indicates, demanded—ultimately successfully—that their League delegations be led by Indians, not the viceroy or his handpicked surrogate.
This volume indicates how much still needs to be done to attain a
comprehensive evaluation of how World War I and its aftermath
played out in Asia. Despite Ho Chi Minh’s well-known (though futile)
1919 appeal to Wilson at Paris, no chapter focuses on, for example,
French Indochina, the Dutch East Indies, the Philippines, British
Malaya, or Thailand. If something of a taster’s menu, this invariably
thought-provoking collection undoubtedly highlights the need for
more in-depth, wide-ranging, and nuanced studies of the global consequences of World War I.
Sharp’s volume, updated to take account not just of new scholarship but also of recent international developments, including Middle Eastern instability, the relentless caprices of the volatile U.S. President Donald Trump, and the looming presence of China, is admirably succinct, clear, and readable. The conference and the treaties it produced constituted, he suggests, the last of the great multinational peace congresses, including those of Vienna (1814) and Berlin (1878), convened since that of Westphalia (1648) to settle brutal conflicts among European powers, disputes that, given the colonial interests of the protagonists, often had global implications. Ever since the British economist and Treasury adviser John Maynard Keynes wrote his bestselling polemic The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919), assailing the Versailles settlement as not just a Carthaginian peace but one that imposed malign border controls on free trade across most of Europe, the Paris peace settlement has enjoyed a bad press. Sharp details how contemporaries and their successors, including such luminaries as Henry Kissinger, British Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd, and assorted eminent historians, have assailed the conference’s outcome as vindictive, holding this ultimately responsible for the international tensions that eventually brought on World War II.
Sharp’s verdict, like that of many subsequent historians, is more measured. He summarizes the political pressures under which each still-ambitious Big Four (United States, Britain, France, Italy) major leader at Paris was operating, noting that many of the treaty’s provisions originally emerged merely as high bids that their authors expected would be whittled down during subsequent negotiations. Highlighting the central role played at the conference by Woodrow Wilson, president of the United States, the Western but non-European state whose apparently limitless resources of funds, industrial production, and manpower finally swung the balance of a stalemated war toward Allied victory, Sharp believes that during the Paris negotiations Wilson failed to secure all the liberal objectives he had proclaimed. Yet in his view: “Wilson’s tragedy was less that, under the pressure of the need to reach agreements, he compromised his principles, rather that he failed to understand that he had done so and remained convinced that the final outcomes still broadly conformed to his vision, subject to the minor readjustments that the League of Nations could make in the future.” (132) Wilson did insist—even at the cost of compromising on other issues—that the conference create the League of Nations, the international organization that he and others believed would remedy any flaws in the peace treaties. Yet he failed to persuade his countrymen—or more accurately, sufficient members of the U.S. Senate—to join the new institution, a defection that ensured that the infant League, while counting among its officials numerous able, distinguished, and committed individuals, including some dedicated Americans, inevitably sacrificed some international clout.
Even so, Sharp remains unconvinced that the inadequacies of the Versailles settlement made World War II inevitable. He follows Zara Steiner, William Keylor, Melvyn Leffler and others in arguing—correctly—that during the 1920s the original harsh reparations burden on Germany was greatly reduced. In considerable part, this outcome was due to negotiations in which American businessmen played a crucial role, and also to their government’s role in encouraging them to lend money to Europe—especially Germany—to finance the continent’s recovery, and their own readiness and sometimes eagerness to do so. It was an odd situation, in which private capital sometimes rather reluctantly took the lead. But until 1931, when these arrangements collapsed dramatically under the pressure of the Great Depression, it worked.
Repairing the perceived deficiencies of the 1919 settlement and its aftermath was one unspoken objective of at least the Western architects of the post-1945 international system. In doing so, the Americans among them—who largely controlled the pursestrings—looked back to many of Wilson’s original objectives, even as these acquired a life of their own in terms of anti-colonialism, national self-determination, racial equality, and human rights, objectives that sometimes undercut short-term United States interests. Ironically, as Sharp describes, the most successful treaty of the peace conference process was probably the 1923 Lausanne Treaty with Turkey, the substitute for the repudiated Sèvres Treaty of 1920 with the Ottoman Empire. Concluded after a bitter war, in which revolutionary Turkish forces overthrew the Ottoman sultanate and forced the allied powers to realize in battle that their demands on the former empire were unattainable, for almost a century it settled Turkey’s territorial and political status. Sharp lucidly analyses how decisions on the disposition of former Ottoman territories made at Paris contributed to what have become deeply entrenched territorial, ideological, and religious conflicts in the Middle East. Yet East Asia receives decidedly short shrift in Sharp’s brief and always stimulating but somewhat Eurocentric volume. Nor am I entirely certain whether the roots of all the twentieth and twenty-first century U.S. foreign policies he summarizes can be traced to what happened at Paris in 1919. I found myself asking why he omitted any reference to the physically and ideologically monumental Berlin Wall. And, given ongoing racial, ethnic, and religious conflicts on almost every continent, he might have enlarged on whether the current emphasis on multiculturalism is realistic or an inherently unattainable goal.
But, given that Sharp seeks to summarize the impact of the 1919 settlement in under 200 pages, these are relatively minor quibbles. Overshadowing all other issues that he raises is the question of the inherent fragility of the American-led global order foreshadowed during the First World War and implicit in the Versailles settlement, that came into being during and immediately after the Second World War. In Sharp’s words: “The American century which begins with Wilson’s Fourteen Points thundered from the White House may end with Trump twittering in 140-character tweets.” (153) Sharp also mentions briefly a choice that challenges a fundamental cornerstone of the post-1945 Western international order, the 2016 British decision—a process still as I write undergoing inconclusive British parliamentary debate—to leave the European Union, a cornerstone of Western strategy since the early 1950s. Is the American Century to be coterminous with the hundred years following the First World War, which shattered the existing international system? And if so, and it is no longer sustainable, what will replace it?
Chi-kwan Mark, a leading expert on China’s international relations since 1945, seeks to address what he terms the ‘everyday Cold War’ between these two protagonists in these years of limited but surprisingly significant contacts. In an outstanding monograph, Hong Kong and the Cold War: Anglo-American Relations, 1949-1957 (2004), and numerous insightful articles and book chapters, Mark has written extensively on Cold War Hong Kong, exploring the complex dilemmas that remarkable city posed, in terms of the inter-relationships among Great Britain, the US, the PRC, and the Nationalist government on Taiwan. Reluctance to recycle his earlier work is probably why, although Hong Kong features quite prominently in this study, in terms of trade, its role during the Vietnam War, the 1967 riots and the retaliation they provoked against British diplomats in Shanghai and Beijing, and the British government’s constant preoccupation with safeguarding their continued control of the Hong Kong, it is not the central focus. This despite the fact that almost certainly Hong Kong was itself the locale of the most sustained and routine of the ‘everyday’ encounters between China and Britain, the venue where the details of a functioning working relationship were negotiated and hammered out.
Mark turns instead to providing a much-needed narrative of the drawn-out path to the restoration of relatively normal diplomatic understanding between Britain and China. Drawing on British, Chinese, and US sources, he ably recounts the episodic negotiations between top-level officials on both sides, assisted by professional diplomats and well-placed intermediaries, notably Malcolm MacDonald, former British high commissioner for Southeast Asia, who developed an apparently genuine friendship with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai and Foreign Minister Chen Yi after they made a pit stop in Singapore’s airport. The 1954 Geneva Conference, where then British foreign secretary Anthony Eden also came to know and respect Zhou, brought an upgrade in the Chinese and British diplomatic missions to permanent rather than ad hoc status. British trade with China grew fairly steadily, as the United Kingdom gradually relaxed the embargoes imposed on commerce with communist nations, especially China, during the Korean War.
Even so, such progress as occurred took place against a background barrage of constant communist propaganda vilification of Western powers, with the United Kingdom accorded a prominent position. British diplomats and officials in London, Hong Kong, and Beijing cheerfully came to consider as virtually routine these perennial rhetorical assaults, which occasionally blossomed into well-orchestrated mass ‘spontaneous’ demonstrations in Beijing following such landmark events as the 1956 Suez invasion or the Anglo-American intervention in Lebanon 2 years later. Communist-sponsored newspapers and the Xinhua news agency in Hong Kong were equally shrill in their criticism of British and Western policies, though if they went too far, these complaints sometimes provoked crackdowns by the Hong Kong government.
The establishment of some level of diplomatic relations with China did not imply extensive or revealing channels of communication. Until the late 1970s, members of the British mission, like those of the few other Western powers—the Scandinavian countries, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and after 1964 France—with pre-1970 representation in the Chinese capital, rarely met Chinese people in non-official settings. Unless the Chinese bureaucracy wished to deliver a message of some kind, communications with the Foreign Ministry were sporadic and unpredictable. Foreign diplomats in Beijing lived in considerable comfort, except for those occasions when they became targets of communist political displeasure, but were largely isolated from the broader society to which they were assigned. They were rarely permitted to travel more than twelve miles from Beijing’s center, unless taken on carefully supervised official tours of model facilities and historic sites. Chinese diplomats in London had rather more latitude: leading Labour politician Denis Healey recalled that in the 1960s they sent their children to the local British school at which his daughter taught. By the early 1970s, the chargé could attend seminars at Chatham House, the British think tank. Even so, their movements were restricted, partly thanks due to British limitations imposed to reciprocate for those suffered by their counterparts in Beijing, and they were subject to party discipline. Diplomatic exchanges were often formulaic and confrontational.
The great breakdown of this already challenged system came in the mid to late 1960s, when the Cultural Revolution Chairman Mao Zedong had unleashed triggered anti-foreign sentiments that for a while escaped Politburo or Foreign Ministry control. Chinese Red Guards particularly resented the Hong Kong government’s forceful repression of 1967 riots, initially triggered by a labour dispute that prompted local communist activists, encouraged by Xinhua (New China News Agency) representatives in the territory, to demand an end to British rule. In retaliation, Red Guard factions—initially emboldened by an incautious endorsement from the ailing Premier Zhou Enlai—mounted physical assaults on British representatives in Shanghai and Beijing, and burned the British mission in Beijing, the culmination of a series of earlier sieges and sackings of the French, Soviet, Indian, Burmese, and Indonesian embassies. Low-level Chinese diplomats in London quickly added fuel to the fire by staging attacks on policemen watching and guarding their building in Portland Place. The destruction of the British building and the subsequent retention in China as hostages of the beleaguered diplomats, together with a Reuters correspondent taken as a bargaining chip for left-wing journalists jailed in Hong Kong—marked the nadir of Sino-British relations. Thereafter, Harold Wilson’s Labour government, followed by Edward Heath’s Conservative administration, worked not simply to repair the damage through piecemeal mutual concessions, but to move toward establishing full diplomatic relations. The Chinese government, after suppressing assorted Red Guard factions and regaining control, cooperated by rebuilding the devastated mission at its own expense. And the British closed their consulate in Tamsui, Taiwan, and eventually, after lengthy negotiations, devised a verbal formula that enabled them to leave the question of Taiwan to final resolution—still not reached—by the parties concerned.
Mark’s account makes it clear that on neither side was particularly sentimental relationship. The British and Chinese cherished few illusions about each other after dealings dating back for many years, but did have various common interests. It may be instructive that for Britain, trade came first. A Sino-British Trade Committee was created with government support in 1954, the ancestor of today’s China-British Council. Not until the early 1970s was the Great Britain China Committee (later Centre) established to promote broad Sino-British understanding. In the United States, the order was reversed, with the National Committee on US–China Relations founded in 1966 by a combination of academics, peace activists, and a few businessmen, and the US-China Business Council only established in 1973. Mark notes that, when engaged in negotiations intended to bring full diplomatic normalization, British officials eschewed the flowery panegyrics to Red China that characterized the rhetoric of US President Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger, his national security adviser. Throughout his study, Mark defends the British stance against those critics who condemn it as ‘appeasement’ of China, arguing that successive British governments rightly—and despite much provocation on China’s part—recognized that excluding China from the existing international system, including the United Nations, simply justified and encouraged communist Chinese intransigence.
The book would have benefited greatly from decent copy-editing, to correct minor errors on almost every page. References to the diplomatic ‘packing order’ in Beijing, ‘armless British police officers’ (I believe the original intent was unarmed rather than harmless), and ‘quip pro quo’ have a certain charm, but the novelty soon wears off. Bloomsbury has done awfully well financially from Harry Potter. And sloppily produced books lack a certain inherent subliminal credibility. How would Hermione handle this?
The new, revised and expanded version of this guide, published online in September 2020, includes a new section on Goa, and a number of new online repositories.
2013: 26 Articles for ABC-CLIO database “World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society” http://worldatwar.abc-clio.com. Warren Robinson Austin; The Consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis; Bevan, Aneurin; Bilderberg Meetings: Cold War; Harold Brown; William Putnam Bundy; China: Spanish American War and Philippine American War; Chinese Revolution and Civil War; Chinese Revolution and Civil War (Overview); William Lockhart Clayton; John Sherman Cooper, Jr; Council on Foreign Relations: Cold War; Sir Richard Stafford Cripps; Lewis William Douglas; Dwight D. Eisenhower, Role in the Cold War; Dwight D. Eisenhower, Role in the Korean War; Europe and the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars; Christian Archibald Herter; Paul Gray Hoffman; Japan: Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars; Alphonse Pierre Juin; Melvin Laird; Legacy of the War: Spanish-American and Philippine American Wars; John Jay McCloy; William Sowden Sims; World War I Reparations; United Kingdom: Iraq and Afghanistan Wars
2009: 67 Articles for ABC-CLIO database “The United States at War: Understanding Conflict and Society” www.usatwar.abc-clio.com. [Now World at War, http://worldatwar.abc-clio.com/] John M. Allison; America First Committee: World War II; Anti-war Sentiment: Korean War; Girja S. Bajpai; Newton Baker; Charles Bohlen; Niels Bohr; Chester Bowles; Brainwashing: Korean War; Ion I. C. Bratianu; Wernher von Braun; Vera Brittain; Ellsworth Bunker; James Francis Byrnes; Georges Catroux; China: World War II; Chinese Civil War: Cold War; Lucius Clay; Clark M. Clifford; Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies: World War II; Cuban Missile Crisis: Cold War; John Paton Davies; Allen Welsh Dulles; John Foster Dulles; Dumbarton Oaks Conference: World War II; Eisenhower’s Trip to Korea: Korean War; France’s Middle East Policy: Arab Israeli Wars; Averell Harriman; Battle for Hong Kong: World War II; Cordell Hull; J. P. Morgan & Co.: World War I: George Kennan; Kennan-Malik Conversations: Korean War; Frank Knox; Marco Polo Bridge Incident: World War II; McCarthyism: Cold War; Robert McNamara; Jean Monnet; Operation MOOLAH: Korean War; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Rape of Nanjing: World War II; Paul Nitze; Office of Strategic Services: World War II; Vittorio Orlando; Paek Song Uk; Sardar K. M. Pannikar; Committee on the Present Danger: Cold War (with Christopher John Bright); Reparations: World War I; Nelson A. Rockefeller; William Rogers; UN Sanctions on China: Korean War (with Jason M. Sokiera); Battle of Shanghai: World War II; Forrest P. Sherman; George Shultz; Edward R. Stettinius, Jr.; Adlai Stevenson; Henry L. Stimson; Student Volunteer Troops: Korean War; Assassination Attempt on Syngman Rhee: Korean War; Robert Taft; Margaret Thatcher; History of the United Nations, 1945-1990: Cold War; Cyrus Vance; Tracy Stebbins Voorhees; War Debts: World War I; Charles E. Wilson (with Paul G. Pierpaoli, Jr.)
2005: 29 Articles for ABC-CLIO database “The United States at War: Understanding Conflict and Society” www.usatwar.abc-clio.com. [Now World at War, http://worldatwar.abc-clio.com/] Konrad Adenauer; Konrad Adenauer, Role in the Arab-Israeli Wars; Konrad Adenauer, Role in the Cold War; Ernest Bevin; Ernest Bevin, Role in the Arab-Israeli Wars; Ernest Bevin, Role in the Cold War; Ernest Bevin, Role in the Korean War; Ernest Bevin, Role in World War II; Lyndon B. Johnson; Lyndon B. Johnson, Role in the Arab-Israeli Wars; Lyndon B. Johnson, Role in the Cold War; Lyndon B. Johnson, Role in the Korean War; Lyndon B. Johnson, Role in the Vietnam War; George C. Marshall; George C. Marshall, Role in the Arab-Israeli Wars; George C. Marshall, Role in the Cold War; George C. Marshall, Role in the Korean War; George C. Marshall, Role in World War I; George C. Marshall, Role in World War II; Richard Nixon; Richard Nixon, Role in the Arab-Israeli Wars; Richard Nixon, Role in the Cold War; Richard Nixon, Role in the Korean War; Richard Nixon, Role in the Vietnam War; Ronald Reagan; Ronald Reagan, Role in the Arab-Israeli Wars; Ronald Reagan, Role in the Cold War; Ronald Reagan, Role in the Middle East Wars; Ronald Reagan, Role in the Vietnam War.
Forty years ago on March 16, diplomats from seventeen different countries each planted a tree in the grounds of what was then the University of East Asia, an event attended by former Governor Vasco de Almeida e Costa and his wife.
Eighteen days later, on April 3, 1982, the Governor returned to the University to declare its new campus officially open. Many leading figures from Macao and Hong Kong, including the former president of UEA Trust Committee, Mr Ho Yin, Mr Ma Man-kei, Dr Stanley Ho, Mr K. C. Wong, Dr Jorge Rangel, former Bishop Arquiminio da Costa, and numerous others, attended the ceremonies. During the day, the foundation stone of the Cultural Centre was laid; the K. C. Wong Library building was officially opened; and the University began its first Open Day, featuring an exhibition of teaching materials.
At the beginning of the session, Prof Jun Liu, Rector of CityU Macau, gave remarks and welcomed several distinguished guests. He stated the lecture attached importance to modern higher education and the recent history of Macao. He elaborated the need to explore its past in order to understand both its present state and its future potential.
Prof Jose Alves, Dean of the Faculty of Business, who hosted the event, then introduced Prof. Roberts. She proceeded to describe the events of the two days of March 16 and April 3, 1982, even identifying a few trees that date back to the tree planting. She then explored the long-time significance of these two days for the future direction of the University of East Asia, and the role that higher education in Macao would play in the city’s economic and cultural development and modernisation and its contributions to China’s Reform and Opening Up policies.
Distinguished guests at the event, including Prof Stephen Morgan, Rector of St. Joseph’s University; Ms Cindy Lam, Director of Alumni and Development Office; Dr Raymond Wong, Assistant Librarian of the University of Macau; Dr Manuel Noronha of the University of Macau; Ms Helen Ieong, Director of the Macau Documentation and Information Society; Mr Nuno Furtado, the Representative of Cabo Verde at the Permanent Secretariat of Forum Macao; Ms Winnie Wong, Executive Director of British Chamber of Commerce in Macao; and Mr Luiz Padruco, a prominent Macanese community member.
Many staff and students from City University of Macau and representatives of other local institutions were present in person. Other guests from Macao, Hong Kong, China, Japan, and Britain attended remotely.
Prof. Priscilla Roberts, a British historian specializing in the Cold War and US-China relations, offered a reminiscent view of non-governmental efforts between the US and China to keep communications open at a critical juncture in the aftermath of June 1989.
Her webinar on July 16, 2020 inaugurated the Fortunius Society’s Webinar Series, which aims to maintain the momentum of globalization, multiculturalism and international citizenship in the current time of global crises, when Sino-US relations in particular have reached new lows. The webinar was attended by well-known specialists on China and international relations, including Prof Harry Harding of the University of Virginia and Prof Inderjeet Parmar of City University of London, UK, and young scholars and graduate students in the Macau-Hong Kong-Guangdong region, now branded as the Greater Bay Area.
Working currently as Associate Professor of Business and Co-Director of the Asia-Pacific Business Research Centre at City University of Macau, Prof Roberts discovered that informal dialogues conducted in the 1980s-90s by an interlocking complex of U.S. non-governmental organizations played an important role in gradually building up contacts with Chinese elites. The US organizations included the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations, the Council on Foreign Relations, the Asia Society, and the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations. Their Chinese counterpart and partner was the Chinese People’s Institute of Foreign Affairs (CPIFA), later joined by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The first “informal US-China dialogue” was initiated in 1984 and the last one, the 11th meeting, took place in 2002.
Prof Roberts talked in detail about the 4th dialogue in February 1990, which “did keep communication lines open at a critical juncture”. It provided an opportunity for each side to understand the other's outlook and constraints and find ways to keep the relationship working, said Prof Roberts.
However, she was not sure whether there are any similar efforts in progress today and believed that there now exists much less of a community of China experts in the US actively working to repair the relationship. “The US community of China experts now is divided into those who are fiercely anti-China, and those who have many reservations but believe that some communication has to be kept open. The latter group is much less influential than they were at an earlier stage,” she said.
She pointed out that structural flaws were thus inherent in Sino-US relations, suggesting “that too much emphasis has been placed on elite relations, which China has been pretty skilled in cultivating, but that very little of anything below an elite relationship exists.”
Foreign policy "think tanks"--permanent organizations of private citizens who seek to learn about and to influence their nation's diplomacy--were a new phenomenon after the First World War. The Australian Institute of International Affairs (AIIA) emerged during this time. The AIIA was supported by the American-led Institute of Pacific Relations, set up in the mid-1920s, which wanted an Australian branch as part of its Pacific Council. Chatham House, the home of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, in London, also encouraged the AIIA's establishment. To add to the brew, the AIIA had links with the Department of External Affairs.
This presentation explored how prominent Australians, such as Sir Frederic Eggleston, viewed the AIIA and sought to balance and negotiate conflicting interests.
Podcast available at: http://www.nla.gov.au/podcasts/media/Harold-White/Balancing-Between-Empires.mp3
(a) The existence from the very beginning of a close relationship between the university and the broad Macau community, and the degree to which its development went in tandem with and contributed to the growth of modern Macau;
(b) The cosmopolitan character of the university, and its membership of several wide-ranging international networks extending across both East and Southeast Asia and the British Commonwealth, as well as the Open University network;
(c) Its strong orientation towards assisting and taking part in the modernization of China envisaged in the Reform and Opening Up policies that Deng Xiaoping announced in late 1978, and that were embodied in very concrete form when neighboring Zhuhai became a Special Economic Zone in August 1980.
The paper makes extensive use of archival and published materials and images bearing on the early history of the University of East Asia, that were found during preparations for the fortieth anniversary celebrations of City University of Macau. It also draws on the recollections of surviving teachers, students, administrators, and others associated with the university.
The workshop brought together a mixture of academics from Macau, Hong Kong, and beyond, studying a range of topics related to City University and its predecessors, and past students and academic staff, who shared their insights and recollections. It helped to put City University back in touch not just with some of our alumni, but also with eminent academics who taught here early in their careers, and went on to become distinguished and highly productive scholars and administrators at top universities in China, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Australia, and Cambodia.
The meeting drew in part on the unique collection of archival documents, books, articles, photographs, images, and other materials related to the university’s history that the Asia-Pacific Business Research Centre of the Faculty of Business has gathered since summer 2020. The intention is that the workshop will result in a book on the history of City University and its predecessors. Given the range of topics, this is expected to be an edited volume, one that will supplement and build on Bernard Mellor's history of the first seven years of the University of East Asia. It will also include the recollections of early staff and students, together with key documents relating to the institution's history.
The workshop also provided a springboard for further research, making academics and prospective master’s and doctoral students at City University aware of the wealth of research and thesis topics in this area available for them to explore in greater depth.