Robinson Peter Krämer
Since April 2017: Postdoctoral Research Associate at the Heinrich Schliemann-Institut für Altertumswissenschaften, Department of Classical Archaeology at the University of Rostock
October 2013 – December 2016: PhD Student in the DFG Research Training Group 1878 – Archaeology of Pre-Modern Economies in Cologne and Bonn
March – September 2013: Research stay in Florence and Rome, funded by a PhD Scholarship of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
2012 – 2016: Doctoral studies at the Rheinische Friedrich-Willhelms-Universität Bonn with the thesis: „Etruskische Heiligtümer des 8.–5. Jhs. v. Chr. als Wirtschaftsräume und Konsumptionsorte von Keramik” (“Etruscan Sanctuaries (8th–5th Centuries BCE) and their Functions as Economic Spaces and Consumption Places of Pottery”). Supervisors: Prof. Dr. Martin Bentz, PD Dr. Jon Albers
2005 – 2011: Study of Classical Archaeology, Ancient History and Prehistory at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
Master thesis (Magister artium): „Gestempelte Impasto-Ware aus Caere. Untersuchungen zu Verbreitung, Bildthemen und Funktion einer etruskischen Keramikgattung der orientalisierenden und archaischen Zeit“ („Stamped Impasto Ware of Caere. Studies in Distribution, Iconography and Function of an Etruscan Ceramic Production of the Orientalizing and Archaic Period“). Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Martin Bentz
October 2013 – December 2016: PhD Student in the DFG Research Training Group 1878 – Archaeology of Pre-Modern Economies in Cologne and Bonn
March – September 2013: Research stay in Florence and Rome, funded by a PhD Scholarship of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
2012 – 2016: Doctoral studies at the Rheinische Friedrich-Willhelms-Universität Bonn with the thesis: „Etruskische Heiligtümer des 8.–5. Jhs. v. Chr. als Wirtschaftsräume und Konsumptionsorte von Keramik” (“Etruscan Sanctuaries (8th–5th Centuries BCE) and their Functions as Economic Spaces and Consumption Places of Pottery”). Supervisors: Prof. Dr. Martin Bentz, PD Dr. Jon Albers
2005 – 2011: Study of Classical Archaeology, Ancient History and Prehistory at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
Master thesis (Magister artium): „Gestempelte Impasto-Ware aus Caere. Untersuchungen zu Verbreitung, Bildthemen und Funktion einer etruskischen Keramikgattung der orientalisierenden und archaischen Zeit“ („Stamped Impasto Ware of Caere. Studies in Distribution, Iconography and Function of an Etruscan Ceramic Production of the Orientalizing and Archaic Period“). Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Martin Bentz
less
Related Authors
InterestsView All (50)
Uploads
Books by Robinson Peter Krämer
Edited Volumes by Robinson Peter Krämer
Das Thema lautete ‚Gesellschaft und Familie bei Etruskern und Italikern‘, der Fokus lag dabei auf den familiären Strukturen und ihrer engen Verflechtung mit der sie umgebenden Gesellschaft im gesamten italischen Raum des 1. Jahrtausends v. Chr., und zwar in den unterschiedlichsten Kontexten (etwa im Grabbereich, im religiösen Feld oder in Wohn- und Siedlungskontexten). Sozialstrukturen und -dynamiken sind generell immer noch ein stark unterrepräsentiertes Themenfeld der etruskisch-italischen Forschung. Es ist deshalb umso erfreulicher, dass soziale Fragestellungen im ‚vorrömischen‘ Italien in letzter Zeit deutlich mehr Aufmerksamkeit erlangen und verstärkt diskutiert werden.
(1) specialization of crafts and production in the context of urbanization processes; (2) specific production areas, such as agriculture, metal processing, and salt production; (3) studies focusing on Greek Colonies and Greek Colonial encounters with indigenous populations; (4) analyses of consumption patterns, mainly in the case of Greek pottery consumption. Recent excavations and investigations devoted to the study of workshop structures, such as those at Gabii, Pithekoussai, Kroton, Lokroi Epizephyrioi, Naxos, Selinunt and Kyme / Cumae, have provided a range of new data that is stimulating a valuable and highly constructive discussion on the organization of production and crafts in Pre-Roman Italy. Against this background, four members of the study group ‘Etruscans and Italic Cultures’ from the ‘German Association of Archaeologists’ (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Etrusker und Italiker des DArV e.V.) formed a panel to discuss the economic aspects of Pre-Roman Italy on the basis of their ongoing research projects: all of these focus on the field of production and crafts. The aim is to contribute to an intensified debate on geographical, chronological and functional patterns in the organization of crafts and productions by discussing current case studies and methods.
Papers by Robinson Peter Krämer
associated with social underclasses became popular toward the end of the sixth century BCE. Scholars have observed these religious transformations for a long time and often interpreted them as signs of some kind of peasant religion (culto plebeo) in Etruria. This article discusses religious transformations in Etruria in the sixth century BCE and their broader socio-political implications by analysing three contexts of the Etruscan sacred landscape. The first chapter gives an overview of elite practices in cult places in the seventh and early sixth centuries BCE through three case studies. The second part of this article studies long-term and gradual changes in Etruscan sanctuaries during the sixth century BCE, particularly in regard to architecture, pottery assemblages and votive inscriptions. Finally, this article deals with radical shifts in Etruscan religion around 500 BCE that could have been part of broader political changes and whether these might have been connected to ‘peasant cults’. The result is an evaluation of the socio-political reasons behind changes in Etruscan religion during the sixth century BCE as well as if the paradigm of plebeian cults might be an explanation for these developments.
in Central Italy provided these services and functions with clear socio-economic strategies in order to create specific networks of participants and attendants. This article discusses three case studies and reconstructs their individual networks, each with different scales, functions and characteristics: (1) the Portonaccio Sanctuary of Veii served as a cross-cultural and political gathering place for social elite members of Etruria and Latium vetus, (2) Gravisca was a port of trade and connected to a vast Mediterranean network for long-distance trade, and (3) the Forum Boarium at Rome established a central nexus for the trade, distribution and control of the crucial commodities salt and cattle in all of Latium vetus from the coast to the Central Apennines. The different networks can be interpreted as key resources for each of the sanctuaries to gain supra-regional signifi cance and influence in Central Italy.
Little demographic research has been conducted in Etruscan and Italic studies compared to other fields of Classical Antiquity. Hellenistic funerary inscriptions are an important data set for demographic studies of Etruscan and Italic societies, since they provide information about sex, age, kinship, political and religious offices, and personal mobility. However, for the field of Ancient History, Keith Hopkins was able to demonstrate that funerary inscriptions do not provide valid data for the reconstruction of ancient demographic structures because inscriptions and their media were used during funerals for social representation and therefore create a distorted picture of social structures. At the same time, Hopkins’ critique introduced the use of modern comparative data and model life tables to this field. Nonetheless, these studies and concepts remain largely ignored in Etruscan and Italic studies to date. In this article, I will examine 4th–1st cent. BCE funerary inscriptions from Tarquinia and the ager Tarquiniensis as a case study, and compare them with demographic models and model life tables. The demographic indicators specifically considered here are birth and mortality rates, the distribution of age classes and sex, as well as mentions of socio-political titles and offices and their display in burials. The significant discrepancies in the data from funerary contexts in Tarquinia and its territory when compared with historical and modern data allows us to reconstruct practices of commemoration and representation of elite clans (gentes), as well as the degree of segmentation in the Etruscan society of Tarquinia.
I argue that the three case studies examined here focus on valuable, scarce goods and show changes of material, meaning, and function, through their transfer to new sacred consumption contexts. In this sense, Greek drinking cups, oinochoai from the Po Valley, and a South Etruscan motif played new exclusive roles as prestigious media, cult instruments and signs in specific North Etruscan sanctuaries, thus creating new shared common consumption patterns and sacred ‘consumptionscapes’.
power were cleansed by removing their previously central function for public life, framing them as symbols of the now disgraced systems and reusing them in very different ways. Members of early republican city-states in Central Italy used at least three main strategies for the cleansing of their political systems: (1) ritual obliteration; (2) destruction; and (3) the ‘reuse’ of palaces for different purposes.
As a result of the analysis of the data, this article suggests that: (1) Etruscans did divinize deceased family members; (2) this practice was limited to social elites during the period between ca. 700-550 BCE; (3) these elites used the divinization and funerary rituals to gain social power and to separate themselves from the rest of society through diacritical mechanisms; (4) these funerary practices were abolished ca. 550 BCE as a result of the emergence of tyrants/monarchs/kings, who would not allow such rituals any longer.
Das Thema lautete ‚Gesellschaft und Familie bei Etruskern und Italikern‘, der Fokus lag dabei auf den familiären Strukturen und ihrer engen Verflechtung mit der sie umgebenden Gesellschaft im gesamten italischen Raum des 1. Jahrtausends v. Chr., und zwar in den unterschiedlichsten Kontexten (etwa im Grabbereich, im religiösen Feld oder in Wohn- und Siedlungskontexten). Sozialstrukturen und -dynamiken sind generell immer noch ein stark unterrepräsentiertes Themenfeld der etruskisch-italischen Forschung. Es ist deshalb umso erfreulicher, dass soziale Fragestellungen im ‚vorrömischen‘ Italien in letzter Zeit deutlich mehr Aufmerksamkeit erlangen und verstärkt diskutiert werden.
(1) specialization of crafts and production in the context of urbanization processes; (2) specific production areas, such as agriculture, metal processing, and salt production; (3) studies focusing on Greek Colonies and Greek Colonial encounters with indigenous populations; (4) analyses of consumption patterns, mainly in the case of Greek pottery consumption. Recent excavations and investigations devoted to the study of workshop structures, such as those at Gabii, Pithekoussai, Kroton, Lokroi Epizephyrioi, Naxos, Selinunt and Kyme / Cumae, have provided a range of new data that is stimulating a valuable and highly constructive discussion on the organization of production and crafts in Pre-Roman Italy. Against this background, four members of the study group ‘Etruscans and Italic Cultures’ from the ‘German Association of Archaeologists’ (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Etrusker und Italiker des DArV e.V.) formed a panel to discuss the economic aspects of Pre-Roman Italy on the basis of their ongoing research projects: all of these focus on the field of production and crafts. The aim is to contribute to an intensified debate on geographical, chronological and functional patterns in the organization of crafts and productions by discussing current case studies and methods.
associated with social underclasses became popular toward the end of the sixth century BCE. Scholars have observed these religious transformations for a long time and often interpreted them as signs of some kind of peasant religion (culto plebeo) in Etruria. This article discusses religious transformations in Etruria in the sixth century BCE and their broader socio-political implications by analysing three contexts of the Etruscan sacred landscape. The first chapter gives an overview of elite practices in cult places in the seventh and early sixth centuries BCE through three case studies. The second part of this article studies long-term and gradual changes in Etruscan sanctuaries during the sixth century BCE, particularly in regard to architecture, pottery assemblages and votive inscriptions. Finally, this article deals with radical shifts in Etruscan religion around 500 BCE that could have been part of broader political changes and whether these might have been connected to ‘peasant cults’. The result is an evaluation of the socio-political reasons behind changes in Etruscan religion during the sixth century BCE as well as if the paradigm of plebeian cults might be an explanation for these developments.
in Central Italy provided these services and functions with clear socio-economic strategies in order to create specific networks of participants and attendants. This article discusses three case studies and reconstructs their individual networks, each with different scales, functions and characteristics: (1) the Portonaccio Sanctuary of Veii served as a cross-cultural and political gathering place for social elite members of Etruria and Latium vetus, (2) Gravisca was a port of trade and connected to a vast Mediterranean network for long-distance trade, and (3) the Forum Boarium at Rome established a central nexus for the trade, distribution and control of the crucial commodities salt and cattle in all of Latium vetus from the coast to the Central Apennines. The different networks can be interpreted as key resources for each of the sanctuaries to gain supra-regional signifi cance and influence in Central Italy.
Little demographic research has been conducted in Etruscan and Italic studies compared to other fields of Classical Antiquity. Hellenistic funerary inscriptions are an important data set for demographic studies of Etruscan and Italic societies, since they provide information about sex, age, kinship, political and religious offices, and personal mobility. However, for the field of Ancient History, Keith Hopkins was able to demonstrate that funerary inscriptions do not provide valid data for the reconstruction of ancient demographic structures because inscriptions and their media were used during funerals for social representation and therefore create a distorted picture of social structures. At the same time, Hopkins’ critique introduced the use of modern comparative data and model life tables to this field. Nonetheless, these studies and concepts remain largely ignored in Etruscan and Italic studies to date. In this article, I will examine 4th–1st cent. BCE funerary inscriptions from Tarquinia and the ager Tarquiniensis as a case study, and compare them with demographic models and model life tables. The demographic indicators specifically considered here are birth and mortality rates, the distribution of age classes and sex, as well as mentions of socio-political titles and offices and their display in burials. The significant discrepancies in the data from funerary contexts in Tarquinia and its territory when compared with historical and modern data allows us to reconstruct practices of commemoration and representation of elite clans (gentes), as well as the degree of segmentation in the Etruscan society of Tarquinia.
I argue that the three case studies examined here focus on valuable, scarce goods and show changes of material, meaning, and function, through their transfer to new sacred consumption contexts. In this sense, Greek drinking cups, oinochoai from the Po Valley, and a South Etruscan motif played new exclusive roles as prestigious media, cult instruments and signs in specific North Etruscan sanctuaries, thus creating new shared common consumption patterns and sacred ‘consumptionscapes’.
power were cleansed by removing their previously central function for public life, framing them as symbols of the now disgraced systems and reusing them in very different ways. Members of early republican city-states in Central Italy used at least three main strategies for the cleansing of their political systems: (1) ritual obliteration; (2) destruction; and (3) the ‘reuse’ of palaces for different purposes.
As a result of the analysis of the data, this article suggests that: (1) Etruscans did divinize deceased family members; (2) this practice was limited to social elites during the period between ca. 700-550 BCE; (3) these elites used the divinization and funerary rituals to gain social power and to separate themselves from the rest of society through diacritical mechanisms; (4) these funerary practices were abolished ca. 550 BCE as a result of the emergence of tyrants/monarchs/kings, who would not allow such rituals any longer.
indicazioni riguardo alla sua provenienza, ai motivi che lo hanno originato e all’influsso che esso ebbe sulle più tarde rappresentazioni nel corso del VI sec. a.C.
inwieweit eine solche Form der Rezeption typisch sein könnte, wird im Folgenden gezeigt.
14., 21., 28. novembre e 5. dicembre 2019
Organizzato dalla Arbeitsgemeinschaft Etrusker&Italiker des Deutschen Archäologen-Verbandes e.V. e dalla sede di Roma dell'Istituto Archeologico Germanico
the organization of production and crafts in Pre-Roman Italy. This panel attempts to examine different organizational structures, specializations and typical features of crafts. Parameters and indicators may be the (I) context (independent – attached), (II) concentration (dispersed – nucleated), (III) scale (small, kin-based – factory) and (IV) intensity (part-time – full-time). The contributions of this panel investigate geographical, chronological and functional patterns for different types and contexts of crafts and productions. These may include, but are not limited to: autonomous individuals, household-based productions,
workshops for a regional consumption, attached producers within government or sacred institutions or large-scale productions and facilities. This panel covers a period from the early iron age to late archaic/early classical times and focusses on different functional senses with a concentration on Italy. In analyzing case-studies we aim to give new insights into modes of organization for productions
and crafts in Pre-Roman Italy.
Panel 3.7
Thema: Organization of Production and Crafts in Pre-Roman Italy
Raum: Bonn - University | HS VIII
Organisation/Chair: N. Burkhardt, R. Krämer
Vortragende:
14:30 - R. Krämer
Was there an Etruscan Ritual Economy? Tracing the Organization of Production and Crafts in Etruscan Sanctuaries (8th–5th centuries BCE)
14:50 - F. Bubenheimer-Erhart
Etruskische Goldschmuckproduktion
15:10 - R. Da Vela
For the pots or for the people? Organisation of space and ergonomy in Etruscan and Italic pottery workshops
15:30 - N. Burkhardt
Frühe Bronzewerkstattbefunde in den westgriechischen Kolonien: Struktur und Organisation
15:50 - S. Helas
Eine eisenzeitliche Werkstatt in Gabii
Diskussion