Papers by Emanuele Pagano
"Aevum" 98, fasc,3, 2024
Questo saggio verte sul fenomeno dei matrimoni clandestini, a lungo diffuso nell’Italia moderna, ... more Questo saggio verte sul fenomeno dei matrimoni clandestini, a lungo diffuso nell’Italia moderna, sebbene il Concilio di Trento li avesse deprecati mantenendo tuttavia il libero consenso degli sposi come elemento sostanziale per la validità del matrimonio. Alcuni processi ecclesiastici inediti, celebrati nella diocesi di Milano nel secondo Settecento contro giovani che si erano sposati senza il consenso dei genitori, offrono allo storico una preziosa opportunità per verificare il funzionamento della giustizia ecclesiastica e la sua interazione con la giustizia del sovrano; e per osservare in diretta lo scontro tra mentalità persistenti e nuove sensibilità nella società del tempo, nelle famiglie, nelle relazioni affettive.
Società e storia, 2024
In the early modern territorial States, in connection with the military revolution, alongside pro... more In the early modern territorial States, in connection with the military revolution, alongside professional armies one of the characteristic phenomena was the establishment of “militias”: permanent, low-cost reserve armed forces recruited by sovereigns through selective levies of subjects. That military service, voluntary in principle, was encouraged by tax and judicial privileges in addition to the coveted port of arms. In this essay focused on the Duchy of Mantua, a small State with a high strategic value, the author,using unpublished primary sources in a comparative key with the new trends in recent historiography on the “military”, offers an in-depth analysis of the Milizia Nazionale created by the Gonzaga and maintained under the House of Habsbourg. The Mantuan militia, employed in various tasks – garrison, territorial defence, civil protection, fight against crime – was a precocious and long-lasting institution, given its structure mirroring the hierarchies and the patronage system of the ancient régime society.
P. Bianchi (ed.), Il ‘militare’ nelle Italie di Napoleone. Società, cultura, istituzioni, 2024
This essay concerns the problem of the coastal defense of the Kingdom of Italy (1805-1814), in th... more This essay concerns the problem of the coastal defense of the Kingdom of Italy (1805-1814), in the broader international context during the Continental System. Napoleon first attempts (1806-1809) to control both sides of the Adriatic Sea in order to launch an anti-British offensive in the East («Vaincre la mer par la terre», as he said). The formation and the conquest of the kingdoms of Italy and Naples are part of that strategy. Having failed the attempt and defeated the Italian-French fleet at Lissa (1811), the defense of the Kingdom concentrated on the coastal line, 500 km from the mouth of the Isonzo River to s.Benedetto del Tronto. To provide protection against British attacks and landing, garrisons and artillery batteries linked by telegraph stations are set up along the coast, with support below the coast from what remains of the navy, reduced to a coast guard. As line troops of the Italian Army are sent to military campaigns in Europe, military corps recruited from the local residents, under the command of veteran officer, are used for coastal defense (National Guard, Departmental reserve Companies, Guard coast Cannoneers). These units, which in several respects look like a revival of the old territorial militias of the ancien regime, were able to hold out until the end of the Kingdom. They supported the difficult task, not without any effectiveness, of facing the powerful Royal Navy and the Corsairs.
The essay emphasizes the historical source value of the Memoirs of the Nobleman of Crema Giovanni... more The essay emphasizes the historical source value of the Memoirs of the Nobleman of Crema Giovanni Battista Terni (1736-1787), considering three areas in particular: the multiple dimensions of cyclicality in a pre-industrial society (crop trends, variations in climate and prices, the rituals of Catholic religion and public life); the government of the city and Cremasque society (the patrician oligarchy and its relations with Venice, the classes and civil society); and the dynamics of emergencies (famines, explosions, fires, floods, riots).
Nel saggio si mette in rilievo il valore di fonte storica delle Memorie del nobile di Crema Giovanni Battista Terni (1736-1787), considerando in particolare tre ambiti: la dimensione strutturale della ciclicità in una società preindustriale (l’andamento dei raccolti, le variazioni del clima e dei prezzi, la ritualità della religione cattolica e della vita pubblica); il governo della città e la società cremasca (l’oligarchia patrizia e i rapporti con Venezia, i ceti e la società civile); le dinamiche delle emergenze (carestie, esplosioni, incendi, alluvioni, sommosse).
Politica e cultura nell'età napoleonica. I protagonisti, a cura di C. Capra, L. Antonielli, 2023
Giovanni Scopoli and Public Education
The essay reconstructs the work of Giovanni Scopoli (1774-1... more Giovanni Scopoli and Public Education
The essay reconstructs the work of Giovanni Scopoli (1774-1854), a ministry official and a man of science, as Director of Public Education (1809-1816) during the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and the first two years of the new Austrian rule in Lombardy-Venetia. Using unpublished archival documentation and the existing scholarly bibliography, the author first provides an overview of the Napoleonic school-educational system up to the time of the appointment of the new director (1809), whose cultural and educational policies, developed through the new effective instruments of the Napoleon’s bureaucracy, are then analyzed. Scopoli was particularly active, even coming into conflict with his superiors, in promoting hitherto neglected areas of school-academic life (primary school, particularly for girls; vocational schools for artisans and sailors, teaching the Italian language, cataloguing and conservation of cultural heritage, laboratories and experimental activities in high schools and universities, girls’ boarding school). In conclusion, the author profiles Scopoli’s pedagogical theory and practice, from which emerges his loyalty over many decades to an Enlightenment principle of public education as widespread as possible: the bearer of civilization and the basis for building the new national citizenship of a well-ordered modern state.
Recensione a volume incentrato sullo studio delle cause di divorzio durante il Regno d'Italia... more Recensione a volume incentrato sullo studio delle cause di divorzio durante il Regno d'Italia napoleonico (1805-1814
The introduction of high schools (licei) in the Italian Republic (1802) was almost coeval with it... more The introduction of high schools (licei) in the Italian Republic (1802) was almost coeval with its creation in France. Established in the department\u2019s capital city, the modern high school system represented a new beginning, not only educational but cultural as well. The intentions of the Napoleonic regime was to use high schools to educate future \ue9lite generations to both civil and military career or to practice law, medicine, or other professions in the sciences and literature. This essay focuses on the liceo of Brescia, one of the most important cities in Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, on the basis of rich archival sources
Rassegna Storica Del Risorgimento, 2005
Franco Angeli eBooks, 1998
Justice and Crime in Late Eighteenth-Century Mantua This essays starts with a general survey of t... more Justice and Crime in Late Eighteenth-Century Mantua This essays starts with a general survey of the radical reforms of justice carried out in Austrian Lombardy during the reign of Joseph II, including the restructuring of courts and the adoption of a new regulation for criminal trials (the Norma interinale del processo criminale, published in 1786). It then focuses on the functions and activities of the Appellation and other Courts in the province of Mantua, a territory comprising 218.000 inhabitants. On the basis of rich archival sources, the author depicts the range of crimes brought to trials and of the punishments inflicted; he also illustrates the working of criminal procedure in a short, but eventful stretch of time (1789-1796). The analysis of individual criminal cases and of the statistical tables periodically drawn up by judges directs our attention to the underlying social and economic problems, magnified by the difficulties of the time both in Lombardy and in Europe as a whole. Offenses against property tend to grow in number; they are usually committed by poor peasants, handworkers or vagrants and are invariably dealt harsh sentences; begging is more and more widespread, violence is rife in families and communities; riots are not infrequent, especially against Jewish minorities. In spite of the shortage in 210 EMANUELE PAGANO ASL11 - 07 Pagano:ASL08 - 0x 8-11-2011 10:43 Pagina 210 bureaucratic and police personnel, the Mantual magistracy swiftly deals with a growing number of trials (thousands of trials in a few years) and succeeds in coping with crime repression without giving up respect for procedure and for the basic rights of defendant
The essays provides an overview of six main fields where Napoleon’s heritage is manifest in natio... more The essays provides an overview of six main fields where Napoleon’s heritage is manifest in national State institutions (19th century Italy): politics, administration, finances, military, school and cultural nationalism.
Recensione a volume che pubblica in italiano i testi relativi al progetto di costituzione repubbl... more Recensione a volume che pubblica in italiano i testi relativi al progetto di costituzione repubblicana presentato dalla commissione presieduta da Condorcet alla Convenzione Nazionale nel febbraio 1793
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Papers by Emanuele Pagano
Nel saggio si mette in rilievo il valore di fonte storica delle Memorie del nobile di Crema Giovanni Battista Terni (1736-1787), considerando in particolare tre ambiti: la dimensione strutturale della ciclicità in una società preindustriale (l’andamento dei raccolti, le variazioni del clima e dei prezzi, la ritualità della religione cattolica e della vita pubblica); il governo della città e la società cremasca (l’oligarchia patrizia e i rapporti con Venezia, i ceti e la società civile); le dinamiche delle emergenze (carestie, esplosioni, incendi, alluvioni, sommosse).
The essay reconstructs the work of Giovanni Scopoli (1774-1854), a ministry official and a man of science, as Director of Public Education (1809-1816) during the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and the first two years of the new Austrian rule in Lombardy-Venetia. Using unpublished archival documentation and the existing scholarly bibliography, the author first provides an overview of the Napoleonic school-educational system up to the time of the appointment of the new director (1809), whose cultural and educational policies, developed through the new effective instruments of the Napoleon’s bureaucracy, are then analyzed. Scopoli was particularly active, even coming into conflict with his superiors, in promoting hitherto neglected areas of school-academic life (primary school, particularly for girls; vocational schools for artisans and sailors, teaching the Italian language, cataloguing and conservation of cultural heritage, laboratories and experimental activities in high schools and universities, girls’ boarding school). In conclusion, the author profiles Scopoli’s pedagogical theory and practice, from which emerges his loyalty over many decades to an Enlightenment principle of public education as widespread as possible: the bearer of civilization and the basis for building the new national citizenship of a well-ordered modern state.
Nel saggio si mette in rilievo il valore di fonte storica delle Memorie del nobile di Crema Giovanni Battista Terni (1736-1787), considerando in particolare tre ambiti: la dimensione strutturale della ciclicità in una società preindustriale (l’andamento dei raccolti, le variazioni del clima e dei prezzi, la ritualità della religione cattolica e della vita pubblica); il governo della città e la società cremasca (l’oligarchia patrizia e i rapporti con Venezia, i ceti e la società civile); le dinamiche delle emergenze (carestie, esplosioni, incendi, alluvioni, sommosse).
The essay reconstructs the work of Giovanni Scopoli (1774-1854), a ministry official and a man of science, as Director of Public Education (1809-1816) during the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and the first two years of the new Austrian rule in Lombardy-Venetia. Using unpublished archival documentation and the existing scholarly bibliography, the author first provides an overview of the Napoleonic school-educational system up to the time of the appointment of the new director (1809), whose cultural and educational policies, developed through the new effective instruments of the Napoleon’s bureaucracy, are then analyzed. Scopoli was particularly active, even coming into conflict with his superiors, in promoting hitherto neglected areas of school-academic life (primary school, particularly for girls; vocational schools for artisans and sailors, teaching the Italian language, cataloguing and conservation of cultural heritage, laboratories and experimental activities in high schools and universities, girls’ boarding school). In conclusion, the author profiles Scopoli’s pedagogical theory and practice, from which emerges his loyalty over many decades to an Enlightenment principle of public education as widespread as possible: the bearer of civilization and the basis for building the new national citizenship of a well-ordered modern state.