Tariku T Lake

University of Gondar, Environmental and Water Laws, Faculty Member

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Phone: +251918313053
Address: Gondar, Ethiopia

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Assoc Prof Dr Mohammad Tahir Sabit Haji Mohammad

International Islamic University Malaysia

Remo Caponi

University of Cologne

Patricia Wouters

Xiamen University

Melissa K. Nelson

Arizona State University

April Anson

University of Connecticut

Nicola Lupo

LUISS Guido Carli

Yvonne Scannell

Trinity College Dublin

Scott McKenzie

University of British Columbia

Christian Rojas-Calderon

Universidad Andrés Bello

Julia Otero dos Santos

UFPA - Federal University of Pará

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Regulatory framework of e-Learning integration with inclusive higher education in Ethiopia: The case of students with disabilities

This working paper was produced through a Small Research Grant program under the Mastercard Found... more This working paper was produced through a Small Research Grant program under the Mastercard Foundation e-Learning Initiative. The e-Learning Initiative aims to support institutions in the Scholars Program network to develop capabilities and resilience to deliver high-quality and inclusive e-Learning and related supports so as to enable all students, including those who face additional barriers, to successfully pursue their studies from anywhere. Use and dissemination of this working paper is encouraged. Further usage is permitted under the terms of the Creative Commons License. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this Working Paper are entirely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the Mastercard Foundation, its Staff or Board of Directors, the e-Learning Initiative, or the authors' respective organizations. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Additionally, the team would like to express its gratitude to everyone who contributed to the report's creation, from setting up the data collection methods to writing the conclusions. The research team is grateful to all the study's contributors, including the Information Communication Technology (ICT) Directorate, the Disability Centre of each institution, the team in charge of developing the e-Learning policy, the country Director of the Mastercard Foundation Aster (Ph.D.), and SWDs from the three Universities who took the time to respond to the survey and take part in the interviews. We also want to thank Mr. Hunachew for helping the team code the quantitative data.

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Regulatory Framework of e-Learning Integration with Inclusive Higher Education in Ethiopia: The Case of Students with Disabilities

E-LEARNING WORKING PAPER SERIES, Nov 1, 2023

In Ethiopia, students with disabilities (SWDs) face various learning barriers, inequalities, and ... more In Ethiopia, students with disabilities (SWDs) face various learning barriers, inequalities, and inequities. Overcoming SWDs’ obstacles is a critical component of inclusive higher education strategies. Currently, e-Learning is preferred to ensure inclusive education and resolve the challenges of SWDs. Therefore, using a mixed research design, this research assessed the policies, legislation, and practices of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Ethiopia concerning e-Learning and its integration into inclusive education for SWDs. Two survey questionnaires (largely consisting of Likert questions) were developed and distributed to 100 SWDs and 18 university instructors randomly selected from three purposively selected HEIs to collect quantitative data. Then, the survey data was analysed using SPSS (version 26) with descriptive statistics using percentages and count/frequency. The qualitative data was collected using document reviews and eight key informant interviews (KIIs) with purposefully selected stakeholders and officials of the three HEIs. The qualitative data was analysed by categorizing and tabulating it under different thematic areas. According to the findings, despite progress in ICT infrastructure, the development and implementation of e-Learning in Ethiopian HEIs are in their infancy and far from meeting the needs and interests of SWDs in the teaching-learning process. The major constraints include the resistance of many university lecturers to technology-assisted education; a lack of basic digital skills among lecturers and students; the absence of adequate e-Learning policies and legislation concerning inclusive education; and a lack of coordinated efforts from stakeholders to ensure institutional and national support to incorporate e-Learning into inclusive education. Consequently, in response to these constraints, we recommend: enacting comprehensive HEI policies and legislative frameworks that integrate e-Learning and inclusive education; providing adequate and periodic training to SWDs, faculty, and ICT personnel of HEIs; offering free or low-cost internet services and digital end devices to users; and conducting similar studies on e-Learning and inclusive education.

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THE GRAND ETHIOPIAN RENAISSANCE DAM - FILLING AND ANNUAL OPERATION: ISSUES OF LEGALITY AND EQUITABILITY

International Journal of Ethiopian Legal Studies (IJELS), Dec 2021

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) first stage filling that retained 18.5 BCM of water of... more The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) first stage filling that retained 18.5 BCM of water of the Blue Nile River in two years filling plan of 2020 and 2021 has escalated disputes among riparians of Blue Nile sub-Basin, especially between Ethiopia and Egypt. The dispute attracted international attention owing to Egypt’s hegemonic tactics in securitizing the issue by filing to the UN Security Council (UNSC). Egypt disparages the filling as ‘unilateral’ and detrimental to its survival; while Ethiopia firmly stands on realizing equitable and reasonable utilization of its chief river via the GERD filling. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to analyze the legality and equitability of the GERD filling and annual operation in milieu of the international water law regime as well as the Declaration of Principles on the GERD (DoP). It also interrogates validity of accusations and claims of downstream states in their submissions to the UNSC, especially Egypt’s, against the filling from perspectives of the international water law regime. In doing so, the article argues that the GERD’s filling and operation are clear reflections of Ethiopia’s recognized and undeniable right to equitable and reasonable utilization in the Nile River Basin. In this regard, the article also argues that Egypt’s past unilateral water developments that established its existing uses in the Nile and its current antagonistic position against the GERD at its filling and successive operational stages construed as acts causing significant harm on Ethiopia’s right to equitably use the Nile. Further, as a concluding remark, the article forwards suggestions for policy makers and negotiators to consider in the way forward to galvanize Ethiopia’s interest on the GERD and beyond in future GERD negotiations.

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Regulatory framework of e-Learning integration with inclusive higher education in Ethiopia: The case of students with disabilities

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Regulatory Framework of e-Learning Integration with Inclusive Higher Education in Ethiopia: The Case of Students with Disabilities

E-LEARNING WORKING PAPER SERIES, Nov 1, 2023

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THE GRAND ETHIOPIAN RENAISSANCE DAM - FILLING AND ANNUAL OPERATION: ISSUES OF LEGALITY AND EQUITABILITY

International Journal of Ethiopian Legal Studies (IJELS), Dec 2021

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