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Miguel Guzmán

Universidad de Almeria, Agronomy department, Faculty Member

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Born in Conchar (Granada-Spain) 02/05/1957. Biological Sciences Degree (Granada University 1984). PhD. Science (UGR 1987). Master of Innovation Management (UAL 2011). Expert of Cooperation Project Management (OEI 2012). Expert of R
Phone: 644402259
Address: Dpto. Agronomía; EPS; Universidad de Almería

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Fernanda Quintero

Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas

Jennifer Randall

New Mexico State University

Consuelo del Carmen Bautista Muñoz

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Papers by Miguel Guzmán

Relieving dormancy and improving germination of Piquín chili pepper (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) by priming techniques

by Oscar Castillo, Pablo Sanchez, Ana Isabel Guzmán Carrasco, and Miguel Guzmán

Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2018

The effects of different priming techniques were evaluated to improve the dormancy and germinatio... more The effects of different priming techniques were evaluated to improve the dormancy and germination of wild seeds of “Piquín” chili pepper (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum). Three experiments were designed for pre-sowing treatment of seeds: (a) chemical seeds digestion; (b) halopriming (with K+ or NH4+ of NO3−, SO42- or Cl−) at different priming times (24, 48 or 72 h) and osmotic potential (−5, −10 or −15 atm) and (c) previously selected halopriming (KNO3 and NH4NO3) + Gibberellic acid (GA3, at 100 or 200 mg·L−1) were tested. Digestion treatments did show any effect on seed germination. Recommended values of osmotic potential (Ψs), to improve Piquín chili seed germination, must be between −10 and −15 atm (−1.0 and −1.5 MPa) and the priming time must be between 48 and 72 h. Priming techniques can considerably reduce Capsaicinoids content on seeds, improve dormancy, seed germination performance, and increase the rate and uniformity of seedling establishment. KNO3 and secondly GA3 treatments may improve rapid and uniform germination and seedling emergence. The results provide basic information to develop guidelines for commercial establishment of Piquín pepper crops.

Development of a New Essential Oil-Based Technology to Maintain Fruit Quality in Tomato

by Miguel Guzmán and Carlos Asensio

Horticulturae, 2021

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more

Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Biofortification and Protection of Tomato Plants

Environmental Science and Technology, 2023

Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were doped with zinc ions to produce multifunctional nanomaterial... more Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were doped with zinc ions to produce multifunctional nanomaterials for efficient agronomic fortification and protection of plants. The resulting round-shaped nanoparticles (nanoZn) were composed of 20.3 wt % Ca, 14.8 wt % P, and 13.4 wt % Zn and showed a pH-controlled solubility. NanoZn were stable in aqueous solutions at neutral pH but dissolved in citric acid at pH 4.5 (i.e., the pH inside tomato fruits), producing a pH-responsive delivery of the essential nutrients Ca, P, and Zn. In fact, the foliar application of nanoZn on tomato plants provided tomatoes with the highest Zn, Ca, and P contents (causing, respectively, a 65, 65, and 15% increase with respect to a conventional treatment with ZnSO 4) and the highest yields. Additionally, nanoZn (100 ppm of Zn) inhibited in vitro the growth of Pseudomonas syringae (Ps), the main cause of bacterial speck, and significantly reduced Ps incidence and mortality in tomato seeds, previously inoculated with the pathogen. Therefore, nanoZn present dual agricultural applicability, enriching crops with nutrients with important metabolic functions in humans and simultaneously protecting the plants against important bacterial-based diseases, with considerable negative impact in crop production.

Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Biofortification and Protection of Tomato Plants

Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were doped with zinc ions to produce multifunctional nanomaterial... more Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were doped with zinc ions to produce multifunctional nanomaterials for efficient agronomic fortification and protection of plants. The resulting round-shaped nanoparticles (nanoZn) were composed of 20.3 wt % Ca, 14.8 wt % P, and 13.4 wt % Zn and showed a pH-controlled solubility. NanoZn were stable in aqueous solutions at neutral pH but dissolved in citric acid at pH 4.5 (i.e., the pH inside tomato fruits), producing a pH-responsive delivery of the essential nutrients Ca, P, and Zn. In fact, the foliar application of nanoZn on tomato plants provided tomatoes with the highest Zn, Ca, and P contents (causing, respectively, a 65, 65, and 15% increase with respect to a conventional treatment with ZnSO 4) and the highest yields. Additionally, nanoZn (100 ppm of Zn) inhibited in vitro the growth of Pseudomonas syringae (Ps), the main cause of bacterial speck, and significantly reduced Ps incidence and mortality in tomato seeds, previously inoculated with the pathogen. Therefore, nanoZn present dual agricultural applicability, enriching crops with nutrients with important metabolic functions in humans and simultaneously protecting the plants against important bacterial-based diseases, with considerable negative impact in crop production.

Calidad De Agua y Ferti-Riego

En la interpretación tradicional de los análisis de agua para riego lo que se pretende valorar es... more En la interpretación tradicional de los análisis de agua para riego lo que se pretende valorar es el efecto que puede tener la utilización de un determinado tipo de agua como fuente de nutrición hídrica, sobre el desarrollo, el crecimiento o la producción del cultivo. Para utilizar cualquier sistema, método o parámetro de clasificación del agua de riego es necesario tener en cuenta que esta es uno más de los componentes del sistema de cultivo. Por tanto, su capacidad de utilización viene condicionado por el resto de los componentes del propio sistema, con los que interactúa. Las interacciones que se producen al aplicar fertilizantes al agua de riego son más importantes para analizar el sistema de cultivo que la suma de las propiedades de cada uno de los componentes analizados individualmente: el agua y los fertilizantes

Crecimiento y concentración de iones en los tejidos de menta y salvia regadas con aguas salinas para su uso en jardinería

VII Congreso Ibérico de Agroingeniería y Ciencias Hortícolas: Innovar y producir para el futuro : Libro de Actas, 2014, ISBN 978-84-695-9055-3, págs. 1377-1382, 2014

Determination of diagnostic standards on saturated soil extracts for cut roses grown in greenhouses

PloS one, 2017

This work comprises the theoretical determination and validation of diagnostic standards for the ... more This work comprises the theoretical determination and validation of diagnostic standards for the analysis of saturated soil extracts for cut rose flower crops (Rosa spp.) growing in the Bogota Plateau, Colombia. The data included 684 plant tissue analyses and 684 corresponding analyses of saturated soil extracts, all collected between January 2009 and June 2013. The tissue and soil samples were selected from 13 rose farms, and from cultivars grafted on the 'Natal Briar' rootstock. These concurrent samples of soil and plant tissues represented 251 production units (locations) of approximately 10,000 m2 distributed across the study area. The standards were conceived as a tool to improve the nutritional balance in the leaf tissue of rose plants and thereby define the norms for expressing optimum productive potential relative to nutritional conditions in the soil. To this end, previously determined diagnostic standard for rose leaf tissues were employed to obtain rates of foliar...

Water Consumption and Yield for a Reuse Drainage Water System in Mediterranean Plastic House Conditions

International Symposium on Water Quality & Quantity-Greenhouse, 1998

Fertigation of Tomato Crops Using Poor Quality Water

VIII International Symposium on Protected Cultivation in Mild Winter Climates: Advances in Soil and Soilless Cultivation under Protected Environment, 2007

The efficient use of water and fertiliser is of great importance for vegetable crops in arid and ... more The efficient use of water and fertiliser is of great importance for vegetable crops in arid and semiarid regions. The fertigation solutions developed in temperate areas are not adapted to these conditions, and any modification in composition or concentration affects both water (WUE) and fertiliser (NUE) use efficiencies. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the response of tomato crops in order to optimise the use of water and nutrient input when poor quality water is used in the semi-arid region of southeast Spain. In this experiment, four fertigation strategies were used on a tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. 'Salvador', using water of poor agronomic quality. The experiment was carried out from December 2001 to June 2002 in a cool greenhouse, located in Águilas Murcia. The substrate used was perlite (0-6 mm) contained in crops channels 20 L plant-1. Water and fertiliser applications were modified for each different strategy in order to contrast the yield obtained with the input applied. Results show that, from an economic and ecological point of view, the best fertigation strategy consists of reducing fertiliser concentration in nutrient solution by 50%. On the other hand, a reduction of drainage of fertigation volumes applied to less than 20%, can be a good strategy in cool Mediterranean seasons. The different strategies can modify Water and Nutrient efficiencies.

How does salinity affect mineral ion relations and growth of Lobelia erinus for use in urban landscaping?

Lobelia erinus has characteristics that are ideal for use in urban landscaping, including cover a... more Lobelia erinus has characteristics that are ideal for use in urban landscaping, including cover applications in vertical gardens and greenroofs. In these systems, it is necessary to optimize water usage and irrigation management in order to ensure the survival of plant cover. Incorporating a nutrient solution recirculation mechanism or alternative water resources into the vertical greenery system and green roofs design would make it possible to install this type of system in Mediterranean arid and semiarid areas. However, wastewater and recirculated water resources are also characterized by a higher salinity than fresh water. We evaluated the effects of salinity in a hydroponic system with nutrient solution recirculation in Lobelia, characterizing ion concentration content in plant tissues and ornamental characteristics, we aimed to determine proper plant selection for use in vertical garden and green roofs. Complete nutrient solutions were supplemented with 6, 30 and 50 mM NaCl, yi...

Variation of hydro-physical properties of burnt rice husk used for carnation crops: Improvement of fertigation criteria

Scientia Horticulturae, 2013

ABSTRACT a b s t r a c t A by-product of the rice industry, burnt rice husk (BRH) is the main sub... more ABSTRACT a b s t r a c t A by-product of the rice industry, burnt rice husk (BRH) is the main substrate in carnation crops in Colombia due to its low cost and high availability. This paper characterizes the physical properties of BRH over a 100-week cycle in three farms on the Bogotá plateau. Particle density, bulk density, particle size distribution, total pore space, container capacity, air space, available water, easily available water and water buffering capacity were determined. The data show that there are no significant differences between farms regarding the physical properties of the initial analysis. Therefore, the substrate used in all farms and greenhouses was reasonably uniform. Bulk density and particle density increased their initial values by 66% (0.12–0.19 g cm −3) and 2% (1.68–1.72 g cm −3), respectively but these values are within the optimal range. Low values of bulk density indicate that BRH is a very light material and the increase in bulk density suggests the compaction of the substrate with crop time. Over the whole crop cycle, total pore space (TPS) fell on average by 13% and air space (AS) by 40%, while container capacity (CC) increased by 30%. These values are within the range suggested as suitable for substrates. The decrease observed in TPS and AS over time corresponds to the break-up of coarse particles and the increase in bulk density. This may be the result of settlement by of the particles and may be strongly influenced by the mass of roots. Temporal variations in particle size distribution and their spatial reorganization affect all the hydro-physical properties of BRH. Substrate moisture retention capacity is increased, which alters the water/air relationship in the root environment. Based on the results obtained, fertigation criteria were proposed to improve fertigation strategies throughout the carnation crop cycle.

Active and total Fe in castanea sativa and their relation to other nutrients

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1986

ABSTRACT

Definición de estrategias de fertirriego para cultivo de tomate protegido, basadas en criterios de eficiencia

XXXVI Seminario de …, 2007

Localización: XXXVI Seminario de Técnicos y Especialistas en Horticultura: Ibiza, 2006/Miguel Mar... more

DRIS-LT. A set of tools for DRIS application with learning capabilities

IAALD AFITA World Conference on Agricultural Information and IT, 2008

DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System), it is an alternative technique to evaluate... more DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System), it is an alternative technique to evaluate the foliar analysis of a cultivation, which uses the relations between nutrients to interpret their nutritional status. This technique compares the concentration relations of nutrients with those found in populations with maximum/optimal yielding, which are called DRIS norms. Starting with these norms, the method supplies a method to order nutrient relations in expressions called DRIS indexes. Those indexes let us to classify the production factors by their relative significance. This technique uses leaf diagnosis independently of the age, the variety, or which part of the plant you are using; but it is not sufficiently flexible because usually the norms for a crop are generated via extremely expensive research, which limits their updating. We propose to surpass this problem via a tool that managing the data can learn from the commercial production using the data generated by the techni...

Improving Dormancy and Germination of Piquín Chili Pepper (C<em>apsicum annuum</em> var. <em>glabriusculum</em>) by Priming Techniques

The effects of different priming techniques were evaluated to improve the dormancy and germinatio... more The effects of different priming techniques were evaluated to improve the dormancy and germination of wild seeds of “Piquín” chili pepper. Three experiments were designed for pre-sowing treatment of seeds: a) chemical seeds digestion; b) halopriming (with K+ or NH4+ of NO3-, SO42- or Cl-) at different priming times (24, 48 or 72 h) and osmotic potential (-5, -10 or -15 atm) and c) previously selected halopriming (KNO3 and NH4NO3) + Gibberellic acid (GA3, at 100 or 200 ppm) were tested. Digestion treatments did show a negative effect on seed germination. Recommended values of osmotic potential (Ψs), to improve Piquín chili seed germination, must be between -10 and -15 atm (-1.0 and -1.5 MPa) and the priming time must be between 48 and 72 hours. Priming techniques can considerably reduce Capsaicinoids content on seeds, improve dormancy, seed germination performance, and increase the rate and uniformity of seedling establishment. KNO3 and secondly GA3 trea...

Defining Optimal Strength of the Nutrient Solution for Soilless Cultivation of Saffron in the Mediterranean

Agronomy, 2020

Saffron is traditionally cultivated in soil as a semi-perennial crop, although the feasibility of... more Saffron is traditionally cultivated in soil as a semi-perennial crop, although the feasibility of crop production is today constrained in Europe due to both agronomic and socioeconomic factors. Accordingly, interest has been increasing concerning its possible cultivation within protected environments through adoption of soilless cultivation technologies. The aim of the present study was to optimize nutrient solution features in the soilless cultivation of saffron corms. The trial was conducted in a greenhouse at Almeria University. Saffron was grown in 15-L pots filled with perlite. Three fertigation treatments were used, obtained by a linear increase of all nutrients of one standard in order to reach an electrical conductivity (EC) of 2.0 (control, EC2.0), 2.5 (EC2.5) and 3.0 (EC3.0) dS·m−1. Measurements included determinations of shoot length, corm yield, as well as nutrient uptake from the nutrient solution and concentrations within plant tissues. The nutrient solution with the h...

Soilless production of saffron ("Crocus sativus" L.)

espanolEl azafran (Crocus sativus L.) tradicionalmente cultivado en forma extensiva en Espana req... more espanolEl azafran (Crocus sativus L.) tradicionalmente cultivado en forma extensiva en Espana requiere cambios en su forma de produccion para solventar uno de los principales problemas que es la obtencion de material de siembra de calidad para el establecimiento de nuevas areas. Con el objetivo de poder intensificar la produccion tanto de flores como cormos y evaluar su comportamiento en cultivos sin suelo bajo invernadero, se llevo a cabo este trabajo de investigacion en los invernaderos del Departamento de Agronomia de la Universidad de Almeria. El diseno de experimento fue completamente aleatorizado con dos factores a 4 niveles, la densidad de siembra (200-300-400 y 500 cormos m-2) y el diametro de cormos plantados (20-22-25 y 30 mm) para 16 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones por tratamiento. Se realizo analisis de varianza y prueba de medias por LSD ( = 0,05). De los parametros evaluados, el numero de flores por cormo plantado fue mayor en los cormos de mayor diametro, y los cormos d...

Use of germination and early radicle growth parameters for assessing oxidative stress tolerance in zucchini squash

Acta Horticulturae, 2020

Determining Nutrient Diagnostic Norms for Greenhouse Roses

HortScience, 2013

Greenhouse-grown cut roses are an economically important and intensive horticultural cropping sys... more Greenhouse-grown cut roses are an economically important and intensive horticultural cropping system receiving large water, fertilizer, agrochemicals, and labor inputs. This study was conducted to establish and validate norms for the nutrient diagnosis techniques Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) for cut roses (Rosa spp. L.) growing on soil beds within greenhouses in the Bogotá Plateau, Colombia. Information used in this study was obtained from a database of plant tissue and soil analyses, including 1914 foliar analyses of different rose cultivars grafted on the rootstock R. × ‘Natal Briar’. Theoretical validation proved that the generated norms are suitable for crop nutrient status diagnosis, allowing for the correlation of nutrient balance indices with crop flower productivities across a range of cultivars and plant ages. Analysis of the results provided by both DRIS and CND procedures indicated that element relations ...

Effect of Evolution in the Increase the Nutrient Solution E.C. On Quality Parameters of Tomato Seedlings

Acta Horticulturae, 1999

... ISMS 1999 Page 2. 2. Materials and methods The experiment was carried out using seeds of toma... more

Relieving dormancy and improving germination of Piquín chili pepper (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) by priming techniques

by Oscar Castillo, Pablo Sanchez, Ana Isabel Guzmán Carrasco, and Miguel Guzmán

Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2018

The effects of different priming techniques were evaluated to improve the dormancy and germinatio... more The effects of different priming techniques were evaluated to improve the dormancy and germination of wild seeds of “Piquín” chili pepper (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum). Three experiments were designed for pre-sowing treatment of seeds: (a) chemical seeds digestion; (b) halopriming (with K+ or NH4+ of NO3−, SO42- or Cl−) at different priming times (24, 48 or 72 h) and osmotic potential (−5, −10 or −15 atm) and (c) previously selected halopriming (KNO3 and NH4NO3) + Gibberellic acid (GA3, at 100 or 200 mg·L−1) were tested. Digestion treatments did show any effect on seed germination. Recommended values of osmotic potential (Ψs), to improve Piquín chili seed germination, must be between −10 and −15 atm (−1.0 and −1.5 MPa) and the priming time must be between 48 and 72 h. Priming techniques can considerably reduce Capsaicinoids content on seeds, improve dormancy, seed germination performance, and increase the rate and uniformity of seedling establishment. KNO3 and secondly GA3 treatments may improve rapid and uniform germination and seedling emergence. The results provide basic information to develop guidelines for commercial establishment of Piquín pepper crops.

Development of a New Essential Oil-Based Technology to Maintain Fruit Quality in Tomato

by Miguel Guzmán and Carlos Asensio

Horticulturae, 2021

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more

Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Biofortification and Protection of Tomato Plants

Environmental Science and Technology, 2023

Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were doped with zinc ions to produce multifunctional nanomaterial... more Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were doped with zinc ions to produce multifunctional nanomaterials for efficient agronomic fortification and protection of plants. The resulting round-shaped nanoparticles (nanoZn) were composed of 20.3 wt % Ca, 14.8 wt % P, and 13.4 wt % Zn and showed a pH-controlled solubility. NanoZn were stable in aqueous solutions at neutral pH but dissolved in citric acid at pH 4.5 (i.e., the pH inside tomato fruits), producing a pH-responsive delivery of the essential nutrients Ca, P, and Zn. In fact, the foliar application of nanoZn on tomato plants provided tomatoes with the highest Zn, Ca, and P contents (causing, respectively, a 65, 65, and 15% increase with respect to a conventional treatment with ZnSO 4) and the highest yields. Additionally, nanoZn (100 ppm of Zn) inhibited in vitro the growth of Pseudomonas syringae (Ps), the main cause of bacterial speck, and significantly reduced Ps incidence and mortality in tomato seeds, previously inoculated with the pathogen. Therefore, nanoZn present dual agricultural applicability, enriching crops with nutrients with important metabolic functions in humans and simultaneously protecting the plants against important bacterial-based diseases, with considerable negative impact in crop production.

Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Biofortification and Protection of Tomato Plants

Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were doped with zinc ions to produce multifunctional nanomaterial... more Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were doped with zinc ions to produce multifunctional nanomaterials for efficient agronomic fortification and protection of plants. The resulting round-shaped nanoparticles (nanoZn) were composed of 20.3 wt % Ca, 14.8 wt % P, and 13.4 wt % Zn and showed a pH-controlled solubility. NanoZn were stable in aqueous solutions at neutral pH but dissolved in citric acid at pH 4.5 (i.e., the pH inside tomato fruits), producing a pH-responsive delivery of the essential nutrients Ca, P, and Zn. In fact, the foliar application of nanoZn on tomato plants provided tomatoes with the highest Zn, Ca, and P contents (causing, respectively, a 65, 65, and 15% increase with respect to a conventional treatment with ZnSO 4) and the highest yields. Additionally, nanoZn (100 ppm of Zn) inhibited in vitro the growth of Pseudomonas syringae (Ps), the main cause of bacterial speck, and significantly reduced Ps incidence and mortality in tomato seeds, previously inoculated with the pathogen. Therefore, nanoZn present dual agricultural applicability, enriching crops with nutrients with important metabolic functions in humans and simultaneously protecting the plants against important bacterial-based diseases, with considerable negative impact in crop production.

Calidad De Agua y Ferti-Riego

En la interpretación tradicional de los análisis de agua para riego lo que se pretende valorar es... more En la interpretación tradicional de los análisis de agua para riego lo que se pretende valorar es el efecto que puede tener la utilización de un determinado tipo de agua como fuente de nutrición hídrica, sobre el desarrollo, el crecimiento o la producción del cultivo. Para utilizar cualquier sistema, método o parámetro de clasificación del agua de riego es necesario tener en cuenta que esta es uno más de los componentes del sistema de cultivo. Por tanto, su capacidad de utilización viene condicionado por el resto de los componentes del propio sistema, con los que interactúa. Las interacciones que se producen al aplicar fertilizantes al agua de riego son más importantes para analizar el sistema de cultivo que la suma de las propiedades de cada uno de los componentes analizados individualmente: el agua y los fertilizantes

Crecimiento y concentración de iones en los tejidos de menta y salvia regadas con aguas salinas para su uso en jardinería

VII Congreso Ibérico de Agroingeniería y Ciencias Hortícolas: Innovar y producir para el futuro : Libro de Actas, 2014, ISBN 978-84-695-9055-3, págs. 1377-1382, 2014

Determination of diagnostic standards on saturated soil extracts for cut roses grown in greenhouses

PloS one, 2017

This work comprises the theoretical determination and validation of diagnostic standards for the ... more This work comprises the theoretical determination and validation of diagnostic standards for the analysis of saturated soil extracts for cut rose flower crops (Rosa spp.) growing in the Bogota Plateau, Colombia. The data included 684 plant tissue analyses and 684 corresponding analyses of saturated soil extracts, all collected between January 2009 and June 2013. The tissue and soil samples were selected from 13 rose farms, and from cultivars grafted on the 'Natal Briar' rootstock. These concurrent samples of soil and plant tissues represented 251 production units (locations) of approximately 10,000 m2 distributed across the study area. The standards were conceived as a tool to improve the nutritional balance in the leaf tissue of rose plants and thereby define the norms for expressing optimum productive potential relative to nutritional conditions in the soil. To this end, previously determined diagnostic standard for rose leaf tissues were employed to obtain rates of foliar...

Water Consumption and Yield for a Reuse Drainage Water System in Mediterranean Plastic House Conditions

International Symposium on Water Quality & Quantity-Greenhouse, 1998

Fertigation of Tomato Crops Using Poor Quality Water

VIII International Symposium on Protected Cultivation in Mild Winter Climates: Advances in Soil and Soilless Cultivation under Protected Environment, 2007

The efficient use of water and fertiliser is of great importance for vegetable crops in arid and ... more The efficient use of water and fertiliser is of great importance for vegetable crops in arid and semiarid regions. The fertigation solutions developed in temperate areas are not adapted to these conditions, and any modification in composition or concentration affects both water (WUE) and fertiliser (NUE) use efficiencies. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the response of tomato crops in order to optimise the use of water and nutrient input when poor quality water is used in the semi-arid region of southeast Spain. In this experiment, four fertigation strategies were used on a tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. 'Salvador', using water of poor agronomic quality. The experiment was carried out from December 2001 to June 2002 in a cool greenhouse, located in Águilas Murcia. The substrate used was perlite (0-6 mm) contained in crops channels 20 L plant-1. Water and fertiliser applications were modified for each different strategy in order to contrast the yield obtained with the input applied. Results show that, from an economic and ecological point of view, the best fertigation strategy consists of reducing fertiliser concentration in nutrient solution by 50%. On the other hand, a reduction of drainage of fertigation volumes applied to less than 20%, can be a good strategy in cool Mediterranean seasons. The different strategies can modify Water and Nutrient efficiencies.

How does salinity affect mineral ion relations and growth of Lobelia erinus for use in urban landscaping?

Lobelia erinus has characteristics that are ideal for use in urban landscaping, including cover a... more Lobelia erinus has characteristics that are ideal for use in urban landscaping, including cover applications in vertical gardens and greenroofs. In these systems, it is necessary to optimize water usage and irrigation management in order to ensure the survival of plant cover. Incorporating a nutrient solution recirculation mechanism or alternative water resources into the vertical greenery system and green roofs design would make it possible to install this type of system in Mediterranean arid and semiarid areas. However, wastewater and recirculated water resources are also characterized by a higher salinity than fresh water. We evaluated the effects of salinity in a hydroponic system with nutrient solution recirculation in Lobelia, characterizing ion concentration content in plant tissues and ornamental characteristics, we aimed to determine proper plant selection for use in vertical garden and green roofs. Complete nutrient solutions were supplemented with 6, 30 and 50 mM NaCl, yi...

Variation of hydro-physical properties of burnt rice husk used for carnation crops: Improvement of fertigation criteria

Scientia Horticulturae, 2013

ABSTRACT a b s t r a c t A by-product of the rice industry, burnt rice husk (BRH) is the main sub... more ABSTRACT a b s t r a c t A by-product of the rice industry, burnt rice husk (BRH) is the main substrate in carnation crops in Colombia due to its low cost and high availability. This paper characterizes the physical properties of BRH over a 100-week cycle in three farms on the Bogotá plateau. Particle density, bulk density, particle size distribution, total pore space, container capacity, air space, available water, easily available water and water buffering capacity were determined. The data show that there are no significant differences between farms regarding the physical properties of the initial analysis. Therefore, the substrate used in all farms and greenhouses was reasonably uniform. Bulk density and particle density increased their initial values by 66% (0.12–0.19 g cm −3) and 2% (1.68–1.72 g cm −3), respectively but these values are within the optimal range. Low values of bulk density indicate that BRH is a very light material and the increase in bulk density suggests the compaction of the substrate with crop time. Over the whole crop cycle, total pore space (TPS) fell on average by 13% and air space (AS) by 40%, while container capacity (CC) increased by 30%. These values are within the range suggested as suitable for substrates. The decrease observed in TPS and AS over time corresponds to the break-up of coarse particles and the increase in bulk density. This may be the result of settlement by of the particles and may be strongly influenced by the mass of roots. Temporal variations in particle size distribution and their spatial reorganization affect all the hydro-physical properties of BRH. Substrate moisture retention capacity is increased, which alters the water/air relationship in the root environment. Based on the results obtained, fertigation criteria were proposed to improve fertigation strategies throughout the carnation crop cycle.

Active and total Fe in castanea sativa and their relation to other nutrients

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1986

ABSTRACT

Definición de estrategias de fertirriego para cultivo de tomate protegido, basadas en criterios de eficiencia

XXXVI Seminario de …, 2007

Localización: XXXVI Seminario de Técnicos y Especialistas en Horticultura: Ibiza, 2006/Miguel Mar... more

DRIS-LT. A set of tools for DRIS application with learning capabilities

IAALD AFITA World Conference on Agricultural Information and IT, 2008

DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System), it is an alternative technique to evaluate... more DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System), it is an alternative technique to evaluate the foliar analysis of a cultivation, which uses the relations between nutrients to interpret their nutritional status. This technique compares the concentration relations of nutrients with those found in populations with maximum/optimal yielding, which are called DRIS norms. Starting with these norms, the method supplies a method to order nutrient relations in expressions called DRIS indexes. Those indexes let us to classify the production factors by their relative significance. This technique uses leaf diagnosis independently of the age, the variety, or which part of the plant you are using; but it is not sufficiently flexible because usually the norms for a crop are generated via extremely expensive research, which limits their updating. We propose to surpass this problem via a tool that managing the data can learn from the commercial production using the data generated by the techni...

Improving Dormancy and Germination of Piquín Chili Pepper (C<em>apsicum annuum</em> var. <em>glabriusculum</em>) by Priming Techniques

The effects of different priming techniques were evaluated to improve the dormancy and germinatio... more The effects of different priming techniques were evaluated to improve the dormancy and germination of wild seeds of “Piquín” chili pepper. Three experiments were designed for pre-sowing treatment of seeds: a) chemical seeds digestion; b) halopriming (with K+ or NH4+ of NO3-, SO42- or Cl-) at different priming times (24, 48 or 72 h) and osmotic potential (-5, -10 or -15 atm) and c) previously selected halopriming (KNO3 and NH4NO3) + Gibberellic acid (GA3, at 100 or 200 ppm) were tested. Digestion treatments did show a negative effect on seed germination. Recommended values of osmotic potential (Ψs), to improve Piquín chili seed germination, must be between -10 and -15 atm (-1.0 and -1.5 MPa) and the priming time must be between 48 and 72 hours. Priming techniques can considerably reduce Capsaicinoids content on seeds, improve dormancy, seed germination performance, and increase the rate and uniformity of seedling establishment. KNO3 and secondly GA3 trea...

Defining Optimal Strength of the Nutrient Solution for Soilless Cultivation of Saffron in the Mediterranean

Agronomy, 2020

Saffron is traditionally cultivated in soil as a semi-perennial crop, although the feasibility of... more Saffron is traditionally cultivated in soil as a semi-perennial crop, although the feasibility of crop production is today constrained in Europe due to both agronomic and socioeconomic factors. Accordingly, interest has been increasing concerning its possible cultivation within protected environments through adoption of soilless cultivation technologies. The aim of the present study was to optimize nutrient solution features in the soilless cultivation of saffron corms. The trial was conducted in a greenhouse at Almeria University. Saffron was grown in 15-L pots filled with perlite. Three fertigation treatments were used, obtained by a linear increase of all nutrients of one standard in order to reach an electrical conductivity (EC) of 2.0 (control, EC2.0), 2.5 (EC2.5) and 3.0 (EC3.0) dS·m−1. Measurements included determinations of shoot length, corm yield, as well as nutrient uptake from the nutrient solution and concentrations within plant tissues. The nutrient solution with the h...

Soilless production of saffron ("Crocus sativus" L.)

espanolEl azafran (Crocus sativus L.) tradicionalmente cultivado en forma extensiva en Espana req... more espanolEl azafran (Crocus sativus L.) tradicionalmente cultivado en forma extensiva en Espana requiere cambios en su forma de produccion para solventar uno de los principales problemas que es la obtencion de material de siembra de calidad para el establecimiento de nuevas areas. Con el objetivo de poder intensificar la produccion tanto de flores como cormos y evaluar su comportamiento en cultivos sin suelo bajo invernadero, se llevo a cabo este trabajo de investigacion en los invernaderos del Departamento de Agronomia de la Universidad de Almeria. El diseno de experimento fue completamente aleatorizado con dos factores a 4 niveles, la densidad de siembra (200-300-400 y 500 cormos m-2) y el diametro de cormos plantados (20-22-25 y 30 mm) para 16 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones por tratamiento. Se realizo analisis de varianza y prueba de medias por LSD ( = 0,05). De los parametros evaluados, el numero de flores por cormo plantado fue mayor en los cormos de mayor diametro, y los cormos d...

Use of germination and early radicle growth parameters for assessing oxidative stress tolerance in zucchini squash

Acta Horticulturae, 2020

Determining Nutrient Diagnostic Norms for Greenhouse Roses

HortScience, 2013

Greenhouse-grown cut roses are an economically important and intensive horticultural cropping sys... more Greenhouse-grown cut roses are an economically important and intensive horticultural cropping system receiving large water, fertilizer, agrochemicals, and labor inputs. This study was conducted to establish and validate norms for the nutrient diagnosis techniques Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) for cut roses (Rosa spp. L.) growing on soil beds within greenhouses in the Bogotá Plateau, Colombia. Information used in this study was obtained from a database of plant tissue and soil analyses, including 1914 foliar analyses of different rose cultivars grafted on the rootstock R. × ‘Natal Briar’. Theoretical validation proved that the generated norms are suitable for crop nutrient status diagnosis, allowing for the correlation of nutrient balance indices with crop flower productivities across a range of cultivars and plant ages. Analysis of the results provided by both DRIS and CND procedures indicated that element relations ...

Effect of Evolution in the Increase the Nutrient Solution E.C. On Quality Parameters of Tomato Seedlings

Acta Horticulturae, 1999

... ISMS 1999 Page 2. 2. Materials and methods The experiment was carried out using seeds of toma... more

DRIS-LT. A set of tools for DRIS application with learning capabilities

IAALD AFITA WCCA2008 WORLD CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION AND, 2008

DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System), it is an alternative technique to evaluate... more DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System), it is an alternative technique to evaluate the foliar analysis of a cultivation, which uses the relations between nutrients to interpret their nutritional status. This technique compares the concentration relations of nutrients with those found in populations with maximum/optimal yielding, which are called DRIS norms. Starting with these norms, the method supplies a method to order nutrient relations in expressions called DRIS indexes. Those indexes let us to classify the production factors by their relative significance. This technique uses leaf diagnosis independently of the age, the variety, or which part of the plant you are using; but it is not sufficiently flexible because usually the norms for a crop are generated via extremely expensive research, which limits their updating. We propose to surpass this problem via a tool that managing the data can learn from the commercial production using the data generated by the technicians that use DRIS in our area. The software updates automatically the norms, evolving to a more reliable and flexible system for the final user. We started this idea thinking about how to share the knowledge cumulated by the farmers in our area, approximately 30000 H. of greenhouses. The system offers a diagnosis using the shared database, creating furthermore a set of charts and reports with all the details. The tool has been developed using the OOP language Java. We have assembled two versions: autonomous and distributed. The autonomous one allows work alone, while the distributed ones let work together several users with different profiles. The agro-technician introduces the data about the farms, plots and crops, managing the diagnosis. Laboratory analysts introduce leaf analysis results. System managers include new crops starting from experimental research. The system let us to manage user and farm data taking care of specific sensible data.

Effects of Saline Stress and Ca 2+ /K + Interaction on Biomass and Mineral Contents of Tomato

'Raf' is a traditional tomato cultivar in the province of Almeria (Spain) needing specialised man... more 'Raf' is a traditional tomato cultivar in the province of Almeria (Spain) needing specialised management. It requires high electrical conductivity (EC) in the nutrient solution and a high hydric stress to produce high quality fruits. The present paper evaluates the effects of saline stress and Ca 2+ /K + interactions on biomass production and mineral nutrient contents of a 'Raf' tomato crop grown in perlite in greenhouse conditions. Crop management and nutrient solution were those habitually employed in this area, maintaining the Ca 2+ :K + ratios stable for each treatment. Samples were taken 100 and 141 days after transplanting to determine dry biomass, hydric content of roots, stem and leaves, leaf area and the nutrient content in stem and leaves. Results show that a high salinity level reduces leaf area, hydric content and dry biomass content in the whole plant except roots. On the other hand, low Ca 2+ :K + ratios increase the dry weight of roots and stem and reduce the hydric content in stem and fruits. The highest Ca 2+ :K + ratio gave rise to the highest values of Na, Cl, P and Ca and the lowest K values in both leaves and stem. However, the highest salinity level resulted in the lowest values of S, K and Ca in leaves and stem, but increased contents of Na and Cl in leaves and stem, and of Mg only in leaves. INTRODUCTION In order to obtain high quality tomato fruits from the 'Raf' cultivar, high values of electrical conductivity (EC) in the nutrient solution and a hydric stress should be maintained throughout the crop cycle. A high concentration of NaCl increases sugar and dry matter content and improves the overall appearance of the fruit (Grattan and Grieve, 1999). It is widely accepted that high salinity in the crop medium leads to nutritional imbalance in tomato plants, as it results in low macroelement concentrations which have a negative effect on growth (Cuartero and Fernández-Muñoz, 1999), fruit size and yield (Flowers et al., 1977; Greenway and Munns, 1980; Satti and Ahmad, 1992; Öztürk, 2002). This imbalance may be due to the antagonistic effect of salts on nutrient availability to competition for uptake, transport or distribution inside the plant, or to a reduction of the physiological role of a specific nutrient. Any of these causes give rise to an increase in plant internal requirements for the given nutrient (Grattan and Grieve, 1994), in other words the plant suffers nutritional deficiency. K + and Ca 2+ are among the most important nutrients related to saline stress tolerance (Hu and Schmidhalter, 1997). Suitable K + levels are essential to plant welfare in saline media. K + plays a major role in reducing the osmotic potential in the root core (estela) allowing the transport of solutes through the xylem and improving the plant's hydric balance. High concentrations of Na + or high Na + :Ca 2+ ratios in the root media imply low K + content in the plant, which has a negative effect on growth and yield in several crops

Relationship between Pectin-Methyl Esterase Activity and Softening in 'Raf' Tomato Fruit

'Raf' tomato has a higher organoleptic quality than many current cultivars, but it has very short... more 'Raf' tomato has a higher organoleptic quality than many current cultivars, but it has very short shelf-life, is susceptible to chilling and mechanical injury during postharvest handling. Moreover, in this climacteric fruit ripening processes occur rapidly, particularly colour change. The softening of the fruit is due to the action of several enzymes, such as pectinmethyl esterase (PME) and polygalacturonase which play a joint role in this process. This paper studies the relationship between PME activity and softening of the fruits. Fruits harvested at the turning stage were stored at room temperature (24°C) for 4 days or 4°C for 28 days, until they reached the red-ripe stage. Colour, firmness and PME activity were determined. The data show that the fruits turned red in about 24 hours, as the tristimulus parameter (a) increased from-3 to +8. The firmness of the fruit declined progressively during the 4 days of storage, and PME activity also declined gradually, showing a high correlation between shelf life (time storage) and activity of PME enzyme. However, this correlation is not so marked between PME activity and fruit softening, suggesting that PME is not the only enzyme involved in this process.

CRECIMIENTO Y CONCENTRACIÓN DE IONES EN LOS TEJIDOS DE MENTA Y SALVIA REGADAS CON AGUAS SALINAS PARA SU USO EN JARDINERÍA GROWTH AND TISSUE ION CONCENTRATION OF MINT AND SAGE IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER FOR USE IN LANDSCAPE

by Miguel Guzmán and Escalona Argelia

Resumen Conocer el efecto del uso de aguas salinas para riego sobre el crecimiento y la acumulaci... more Resumen Conocer el efecto del uso de aguas salinas para riego sobre el crecimiento y la acumulación de iones en plantas de uso ornamental y culinario como menta (Mentha piperita) y salvia (Salvia officinalis) fueron los objetivos de este trabajo. En zonas mediterráneas es frecuente la escasa y mala calidad del agua, por ello disponer de plantas que toleren el riego con aguas salinas sin deteriorar su aspecto ornamental permitirá aumentar las superficies ajardinadas en las ciudades. A su vez, recientemente está tomando importancia el ajardinamiento de fachadas de edificios, esta técnica aunque necesita agua para asegurar su supervivencia, también permite optimizar el uso del agua con la recirculación de los drenajes. Consecuentemente, disponer de plantas con valor ornamental que a su vez sean acumuladores de iones en sus tejidos ayudaría a la fitodesalinización del agua de riego y a su reutilización. Por ello en el experimento, las plantas fueron crecidas en cultivo sin suelo con recirculación de la solución nutritiva, y regadas con tres concentraciones de NaCl, 6 mmol L-1 (T1), 30 mmol L-1 (T2) y 50 mmol L-1 (T3). Cada tratamiento se colocó completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones y 22 plantas por repetición. Para conocer el efecto de la salinidad en las características ornamentales se cuantificaron parámetros morfológicos, y para determinar su capacidad para eliminar iones de la solución nutritiva se cuantificó la concentración de iones en los tejidos de las plantas. Con el incremento de la salinidad, la altura de la planta, el área foliar y la materia seca disminuyen en ambas especies, mostrando una reducción en la altura del 41% para Salvia y menos del 25% para Menta. La tendencia de Menta y Salvia fue acumular Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cl-, y NO 3-en la parte aérea, mientras que Na + y K + se acumularon en las raíces. La salinidad afectó al crecimiento de ambas plantas, sin embargo, Menta no presentó síntomas de toxicidad y su valor ornamental no fue afectado por el uso de aguas salinas pudiendo ser utilizada para la jardinería con aguas de concentraciones de hasta 50 mM de NaCl. Mientras que Salvia no puede ser recomendada para su uso en jardinería con aguas de baja calidad por su reducción en la calidad ornamental. Palabras clave: salinidad, fitodesalinización, área mediterránea, concentración de nutrientes. Abstract To know the effect of the use of saline waters for irrigation on the growth and the accumulation of ions in tissues of plants of peppermint (Mentha piperita) and sage (Salvia officinalis) were the objectives of this work. In Mediterranean zones is frequently the scarity and poor water quality, therefore there are some tolerant plants that irrigated with saline water without damaging in their ornamental aspect. The use of these species by the irrigation water of poor quality would increase the green areas of the cities in our latitudes. In turn, recently it is introducing new landscaping technic such a green facades, this technology though needs water to assure his survival also allows optimizing the use of the water with the recirculation of the drainages. Consistently, to have plants with ornamental value that in turn they are accumulators of ions in their tissues would help the phytodesalination of irrigation water. In this experiment, the plants were grown by soilless culture with recirculation of the nutrient solution, and watered with three concentrations (mmol L-1) of NaCl: 6 (T1), 30 (T2) and 50 (T3). Every treatment was placed completely at random by four repetitions. To know the effect of the salinity in the ornamental characteristics were quantified parameters of growth, and to determine their ability to remove ions of the nutrient solution was quantified ion concentration in the plant tissues. According to the results, plant height, leaf area and dry matter decreased in both species, showing a reduction in height of 41% for sage and less than 25% for peppermint with increasing salinity. The trend of Mint and Sage were accumulating

Soilless production of saffron (Crocus sativus L

by Ma Sanjuan, Miguel Guzmán, and Jose Diaz

In Spain, Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is traditionally cultivated in extensive system. For the es... more In Spain, Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is traditionally cultivated in extensive system. For the establishment of new areas, obtaining quality planting material is the main problem to solve. So, changes in crop production practices are required. The aim of our assay is to enhance the production of both, flowers and corms, and assess the behavior in soilless culture in greenhouse. An assay was conducted in a greenhouse of the Department of Agronomy at the University of Almería. A completely randomized design with two factors at 4 levels was conducted. Planting density (200-300-400 and 500 corms m-2) and diameter of corms planted (20-22-25 and 30 mm) were the two factors analyzed. 16 treatments and 3 replicates per treatment were used. Analysis of variance was performed and means tested by LSD (α = .05). The number of flowers per corm planted was higher in corms with an initial larger diameter. Initial smaller diameter corms not produced flowers. Regarding the density, significant differences were observed for weight of corms. Increase density of corms produced a decrease of corms weight. Planting densities of 200 and 300 m 2 enhanced corm production. And, corm diameter obtained was higher than in corms planted at 400 and 500 corms m-2. The seeding and seed corm diameter are determining factors at intensive crop production of saffron. Both are important parameters for obtaining quality seed corms and production of flowers. Producción en cultivo sin suelo de azafrán (Crocus sativus L.) Resumen El azafrán (Crocus sativus L.) tradicionalmente cultivado en forma extensiva en España requiere cambios en su forma de producción para solventar uno de los principales problemas que es la obtención de material de siembra de calidad para el establecimiento de nuevas áreas. Con el objetivo de poder intensificar la producción tanto de flores como cormos y evaluar su comportamiento en cultivos sin suelo bajo invernadero, se llevó a cabo este trabajo de investigación en los invernaderos del Departamento de Agronomía de la Universidad de Almería. El diseño de experimento fue completamente aleatorizado con dos factores a 4 niveles, la densidad de siembra (200-300-400 y 500 cormos m-2) y el diámetro de cormos plantados (20-22-25 y 30 mm) para 16 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones por tratamiento. Se realizó análisis de varianza y prueba de medias por LSD (α = 0,05). De los parámetros evaluados, el número de flores por cormo plantado fue mayor en los cormos de mayor diámetro, y los cormos de menor diámetro no produjeron flores. Respecto a la densidad de siembra, se observó diferencias significativas para el peso de cormos, donde a medida que aumentaba la densidad disminuía el peso de los cormos obtenidos. Las densidades de siembra de 200 y 300 cormos m-2 alcanzaron mayor número y diámetro de cormos obtenidos cormo por cormo plantado, superando a las densidades de 400 y 500 cormos m-2. La densidad de siembra y el diámetro del cormo de siembra son factores determinantes en la producción intensiva de azafrán bajo este sistema, tanto para la obtención de cormos semillas de calidad como en la producción de flores.

DRIS-LT. A set of tools for DRIS application with learning capabilities

by Miguel Guzmán and Fernando Bienvenido

IAALD AFITA WCCA2008 WORLD CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION AND IT

DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System), it is an alternative technique to evaluate... more DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System), it is an alternative technique to evaluate the foliar analysis of a cultivation, which uses the relations between nutrients to interpret their nutritional status. This technique compares the concentration relations of nutrients with those found in populations with maximum/optimal yielding, which are called DRIS norms. Starting with these norms, the method supplies a method to order nutrient relations in expressions called DRIS indexes. Those indexes let us to classify the production factors by their relative significance. This technique uses leaf diagnosis independently of the age, the variety, or which part of the plant you are using; but it is not sufficiently flexible because usually the norms for a crop are generated via extremely expensive research, which limits their updating. We propose to surpass this problem via a tool that managing the data can learn from the commercial production using the data generated by the technicians that use DRIS in our area. The software updates automatically the norms, evolving to a more reliable and flexible system for the final user. We started this idea thinking about how to share the knowledge cumulated by the farmers in our area, approximately 30000 H. of greenhouses. The system offers a diagnosis using the shared database, creating furthermore a set of charts and reports with all the details. The tool has been developed using the OOP language Java. We have assembled two versions: autonomous and distributed. The autonomous one allows work alone, while the distributed ones let work together several users with different profiles. The agro-technician introduces the data about the farms, plots and crops, managing the diagnosis. Laboratory analysts introduce leaf analysis results. System managers include new crops starting from experimental research. The system let us to manage user and farm data taking care of specific sensible data.

DEFINICIÓN DE ESTRATEGIAS DE FERTIRRIEGO PARA CULTIVO DE TOMATE PROTEGIDO, BASADAS EN CRITERIOS DE EFICIENCIA

by Emilio Martín and Miguel Guzmán

RESUMEN En Almería, donde el sistema agrícola se centra en la producción de cultivos hortíco-las ... more RESUMEN En Almería, donde el sistema agrícola se centra en la producción de cultivos hortíco-las intensivos, el cultivo del tomate tiene una gran importancia. Este sistema de produc-ción requiere una gran demanda hídrica así como un importante uso de feltilizantes, que está dando lugar a graves problemas medioambientales por la salinización de los acuí-feros y por acumulación en el suelo de nih'ógeno, fósforo y potasio. Por todo esto, con este trabajo se pretenden definir estrategias de manejo que favorezcan la eficiencia en la utilización de los recursos hídricos y de fertilizantes. Para ello se realizó un ensayo so-bre tomate en un invemadero multicapilla (raspa y amagado) de eshuctura metálica y cubierta de polietileno, situado en el CIFA de La Mojonera (Almería). Se estableció un diseño experimental en bloques completos al azar compuesto por cuatro tratamientos, donde los factores a considerar fueron dosis de riego y dosis de abonado (NPK). La do-sis de riego se establecieron en función de las necesidades hídricas del tomate, calcula-das en función de la evapotranspiración del cultivo, y las dosis de abonado se estable-cieron en función de las extracciones del cultivo determinadas en nuestras condiciones. Para cumplir el objetivo de este ensayo se controló la producción y calidad comercial de los flutas durante el período de recolección. El tratamiento con la dosis de riego del 75% de la ETc y 100% de abonado fue el que mayor producción de categoría extra y total obtuvo, siendo el tratamiento con la dosis de riego del 100% de la ETc y 50% de abo-nado el que menor rendimientos de fruto produjo. 417

WATERMELON GENOTYPE DIFFERENCES FOR TOTAL AND ACTIVE IRON INDEX, IRON AND OTHER MICRONUTRIENTS

A daily rhythmic model for pH and volume from xylem sap of tomato plants

Ten-day-old tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Rambo) were transplanted in a NFT sp... more Ten-day-old tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Rambo) were transplanted in a NFT special system. The experiment was repeated three consecutive times. Each experiment consists of three replicates. The experiments were carried out first with 30-day-old plants and subsequently with plants which were 45-days-old. The sap flux rates (V) vary considerably during the day at both harvest dates and there was has highly significant correlation (p{\textgreater}0.999) with the chronophysiological rhythm (Halberg, 1969) which has the highest rates in the day and the lowest rates at night. The pH rhythm, which shows an opposite behavior of the sap flux rate, is related to organic anion equivalents (C-A). A markedly difference in the behavior of C-A values occurred at both harvest dates. The model presented in this paper may provide a framework for the explanation of short and long term V and pH fluctuation of xylem sap. The changes in the pH of the xylem sap are probably normally buffered, but may have the possibility to influence processes localized within the shoot.

Chronophysiological rhythm model for daily ionic variation of xylematic exudates in tomato plants

Ten-day-old tomato plants Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Rambo were transplanted in a NFT spec... more Ten-day-old tomato plants Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Rambo were transplanted in a NFT special system. The experiment was repeated three consecutive times. Each experiment consisted of three replicates. The experiments were carried out with 45-day-old plants. Xylem sap samples were obtained by decapitating the plant during the 35th day in NFT at about 1 cm above the root system. The sap flux rate was strongly correlated (p {\textgreater} 0.999) with the proposed model of a chronophysiological rhythm. Diurnal variations of inorganic ions clearly indicate that ion transport rates varied widely with time and also followed a proposed chronophysiological rhythm. The rhythmic model presented may provide a framework for the explanation of short- and long-term variations in xylem sap concentration-flux relationships. Additionally they may contribute to the knowledge of long distance transport processes and the variations in nutrient uptake by plants. Copyright {\^{A}}{\textcopyright} 1996 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Effect of evolution in the increase the nutrient solution EC on quality parameters of tomato seedlings

Actually many growers use the professional nursery to produce their seedlings. We have developmen... more Actually many growers use the professional nursery to produce their seedlings. We have development a new concept of quality seedlings. It was used many different seedling quality parameters but it seems that homogeneity plants we have to consider a very important the factor for this question. We must know that is a good cultural management to become this objective. It is very usually in the commercial nursery to do a progressive and increase of the EC in the nutrient solution. In this experiment we work with the use of a gradual increase of nutrient solution EC. It were applied in four different treatments on the tomato seedlings and we can see as it was reduced the general seedling quality parameters in comparison with the application of complete and higher nutrient solution from the first days. But it was recorded a significant increase of the homogeneity of different seedlings in the nursery trays.

Ion balance and its evolution in cultivars of melon ( cucumis melo L.) irrigated with brackish water

The present study compares ionic balance in 19 muskmelon cultivars grown under greenhouse conditi... more The present study compares ionic balance in 19 muskmelon cultivars grown under greenhouse conditions with the same system of fertilization-irrigation. Each cultivar was studied in 4 replications distributed in a random block design. In all 20 plants were sampled in each replication of each cultivar every 15 days throughout the reproductive cycle, and analyzed inmediately afterward. Highly significant differences were, noted for cations (C+) (Gold-King 304 meq/100g d.w., Canario 183 meq/100g d.w., anions (A-) (Cantaloupe 387 meq/100g d.w., Arava 272 meq/100g d.w.), and cations-anions balance (C+-A-) (Gold-King -6 meq/100g d.w., Rocher -157 meq/100g d.w., Canario -163 meq/100g d.w.), as well as for hydrogen ions (H+) forming capacity (Dorado and Gold-King 88 meq/100 g d.w., Gallicum, Rocher and Canario 0 meq/100g d.w.). Differences in OH- formation were also notable (Polidor 243 meq/100g d.w., Makdimon 120 meq/100g d.w.). Consequently, fruit production among the different cultivars varied widely. The findings suggest that the more complex the mechanism to be quantified is the greater the differences will be between cultivars. A considerable range of variation was found for cations, anions and cations-anions balance. Furthermore, leaf concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions is known to be an identifying feature among different cultivars. The changes in foliar concentrations of cations, anions and cations-anions balance with plant age show the same trends in all cultivars, being conditioned by the size of the sink (fruit). The influence of physiological activity varies with leaf cations and anions levels.

Variation of hydro-physical properties of burnt rice husk used for carnation crops: Improvement of fertigation criteria

by Miguel Guzmán and Daniel Ortega

A by-product of the rice industry, burnt rice husk (BRH) is the main substrate in carnation crops... more A by-product of the rice industry, burnt rice husk (BRH) is the main substrate in carnation crops in Colombia due to its low cost and high availability. This paper characterizes the physical properties of BRH over a 100-week cycle in three farms on the Bogot{\~{A}}¡ plateau. Particle density, bulk density, particle size distribution, total pore space, container capacity, air space, available water, easily available water and water buffering capacity were determined. The data show that there are no significant differences between farms regarding the physical properties of the initial analysis. Therefore, the substrate used in all farms and greenhouses was reasonably uniform. Bulk density and particle density increased their initial values by 66{\%} (0.12{\^{a}} 0.19{\^{A}} g{\^{A}} cm{\^{a}} 3) and 2{\%} (1.68{\^{a}} 1.72{\^{A}} g{\^{A}} cm{\^{a}} 3), respectively but these values are within the optimal range. Low values of bulk density indicate that BRH is a very light material and the increase in bulk density suggests the compaction of the substrate with crop time. Over the whole crop cycle, total pore space (TPS) fell on average by 13{\%} and air space (AS) by 40{\%}, while container capacity (CC) increased by 30{\%}. These values are within the range suggested as suitable for substrates. The decrease observed in TPS and AS over time corresponds to the break-up of coarse particles and the increase in bulk density. This may be the result of settlement by of the particles and may be strongly influenced by the mass of roots. Temporal variations in particle size distribution and their spatial reorganization affect all the hydro-physical properties of BRH. Substrate moisture retention capacity is increased, which alters the water/air relationship in the root environment. Based on the results obtained, fertigation criteria were proposed to improve fertigation strategies throughout the carnation crop cycle.

Temporal physicochemical variations in burnt rice husk: Improvement of fertigation protocols in carnation crops

The use of burnt rice husk (BRH) as a substrate in the cultivation of carnations in the Bogota pl... more The use of burnt rice husk (BRH) as a substrate in the cultivation of carnations in the Bogota plateau has increased greatly in recent years. Carnation has a relatively long crop cycle and throughout the growing season an intensive and continuous fertigation is supplied. Changes in physicochemical characteristics of the substrate that occur throughout the crop cycle are not fully known and therefore the present study aims to evaluate the behavior of certain parameters of burnt rice husk substrate throughout the carnation crop cycle (100 weeks). Detailed knowledge of this behaviour will allow growers to modify fertigation management accordingly. Substrate samples were taken from greenhouses in 3 different farms at 10-week intervals throughout the carnation crop cycle in order to determine pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations and percent base saturation. From these data the effective CEC and the variable charge were calculated, burnt rice husk presents very high initial values of exchangeable K leading to imbalance in the exchangeable bases, which must be corrected by applying adequate doses of Ca and Mg. After application of this amendment the substrate takes from I to 10 weeks to reach suitable balance. The CEC values increased with crop time on average from 23 to 36 cmol(-1).kg(-1). This represents a 60{\%} increase on the initial value, indicating that the fertigation frequency, composition and concentration should be modified with substrate age. The concentration of exchangeable Na also increased with time; however, this increase varied in the different farms studied. This behaviour is directly related to irrigation water quality, and may also be related to the fact that drainage water is reused in two of the farms. Knowledge of the physicochemical properties of BRH substrate can be useful for improving current fertigation protocols for carnation crops.

Evaluation of alternative substrates for growing the mini carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

Water consumption and yield for a reuse drainage water system in Mediterranean plastic house conditions

The water quality use for soilless culture, in the plastic house area of the spanish south east c... more The water quality use for soilless culture, in the plastic house area of the spanish south east coast presents E.C. values between 0.5 and 3.5 ms cm(-1). In order to avoid salt accumulation, the nutrient solution is applied in excess. This practice leads to an uneconomic use of water and fertilizers. Water consumption, yield and evolution of the E.C. in the lixiviated water were studied in three different Perlite systems: a. Perlite bags and no reuse lixiviated nutrient solution. b. Perlite bags and reuse 50{\%} of the lixiviated nutrient solution. c. As b. but reuse 100{\%}. First two crops results reveal good perspectives for systems b. and c.

Variations in nutrient levels in watermelon cultivars irrigated with saline water: Total ions

Few studies have been published on nutritional parameters in greenhouse cultivated watermelon des... more Few studies have been published on nutritional parameters in greenhouse cultivated watermelon despite the importance of this species in the human diet. It was therefore considered worthwhile to study some of the cultivars soon to become commercially available in Spain to determine which of them are best suited to cultivation in areas along the Mediterranean coast. All ten cultivars of Citrullus lanatus (Trunb) Mansfield studied were grown in polyethylene covered greenhouses. Four replications of each cultivar distributed in random blocks. Leaves were sampled every 15 days during one complete biological cycle to determine total macro- and micro-nutrients. These data ere then related to productivity (fruit yield). The different cultivars presented marked differences in both macro- and micronutrient levels: total N in Perla-Negra (Black Pearl) was twice that found in Tolerant, while total K in Resistent was double that in Candida. Total proteins also differed significantly between cultivarss as did productivity. All high yielding cultivars grown in greenhouse conditions showed high but varying nutritional requirements, with different optimal ranges of total nutrients. Upon comparing nutritional needs and productivity, efficiency in descending order was Perla-Negra, Panonia, Tolerant, Candida, Sugar-Baby, Rocio, Fabiola, Carmit, Early-Star, and Resistent. On the basis of nutritional diagnosis, nutrient values were classified as low, optimal and high, in relation to productivity and total nutrient levels. Important information concerning the responses of cultivars to salinity under various saline water concentrations was obtained by tissue analysis. It should be kept in mind that this information may also be influence by plant species and enviromental conditions.

Physiological Ternary Groups in Horticultural Plants.2. Macronutrients

Horticultural species were grown under industrial greenhouse conditions and sampled at 15 day int... more Horticultural species were grown under industrial greenhouse conditions and sampled at 15 day intervals throughout the biological cycle. In leaves, chemical and statistical analyses of nutritional ternary groups defined their optimal ranges and the evolution over time. The characteristics of the species studied, together with greenhouse conditions, led to higher optimal ranges than those previously reported for the ternary groups N-10P-K and K-Ca-Mg in all species. The numerical value of the optimal ranges showed changes during the biological cycle of the plants. The N-10P-K group was stable throughout the biological cycle, and the proportion of each element remained unchanged at N {\textgreater} 10P {\textgreater} K in all species studied except cucumber, in which an excess of P modified this order of predominance. The relative proportions in the Ca-K-Mg, Ca-K-Na and Ca-K-Mg-Na groups remained constant during the entire biological cycle when the Ca/K interaction, plant age and morphological changes were taken into account.

A Method for Diagnosing the Status of Horticultural Crops.2. Micronutrients

Horticultural crops were grown under conditions of fertilization with micronutrients. After 45 da... more Horticultural crops were grown under conditions of fertilization with micronutrients. After 45 days of growth, 100 plants in greenhouses were taken for analysis. The mobilization and critical levels of micronutrients were determined for the immature to the recently matured and senescent leaf. Variable mobility of nutrients does not depend exclusively on the physiological age of the leaf. Iron mobility is conditioned by the species: it is immobile in tomato, cucumber and navy bean, but mobile in muskmelon; in both pepper and watermelon plant age has no influence. Regardless of Mn concentration in leaves, acts as an immobile nutrient in every species studied. Zinc behaves as a highly immobile nutrient concerning leaf age, but its mobility is conditioned by concentration in that organ. Optimal range values cannot be considered as static since they define a critical area which varies throughout the whole biological cycle and which is established in terms of nutritional dynamics in each species. Significant differences were recorded between horticultural crops in the relationship between yield (fruit quality) and micronutrient concentrations in the leaf below critical levels. The critical concentrations are as follows: tomato (Fe: 158-195; Mn: 70-84; Zn: 30-34; Cu: 18-19), pepper (Fe: 569-610; Mn: 293-321; Zn: 101-107; Cu: 64-70), Navy bean (Fe: 385-523; Mn: 64-88; Zn: 43-56; Cu: 28-33), cucumber (Fe: 481-542; Mn: 175-208; Zn: 40-50; Cu: 36-42), muskmelon (Fe: 433-476; Mn: 214-235; Zn: 94-98; Cu: 38-41) and watermelon (Fe: 257-358; Mn: 178-195; Zn: 83-90; Cu: 24-27).

Nutritional Study of Quercus pyrenaica Willd, During its Vegetative Period

Active and Total Fe in Castanea sativa and their Relation to Other Nutrients

Index and Equilibrium of Fe in Plants of Juglans regia L.

Physiological Ternary Groups in Horticultural Plants. I Micronutrients

Different horticultural plants were sampled at 15 day intervals during two biological cycles. The... more Different horticultural plants were sampled at 15 day intervals during two biological cycles. The leaves were chemically analyzed to determine micronutrient concentrations. The analytical and production data were used to calculate optimal ranges of micronutriens. We also mathematically determined the evolution of physiological ternary groups throughout the biological cycles in each species studied. The Fe-Mn-Zn and Fe-Mn-Cu balances were stable, the proportion of each element remaining unchanged throughout the biological cycles in all species. Because of the crop conditions and the characteristics of the species investigated, optimal ranges of micronutrients were high. The value of the optimal range should however not be considered absolute, but rather should be considered as defining a critical zone which varies throughout the biological cycle, and is established on the basis of the particular nutritional dynamics in each species.

Effects of N-form and saline priming on germination and vegetative growth of galia-type melon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Primal) under salinity

Seed priming has become a common strategy for seed treatment which increases rate, percentage and... more Seed priming has become a common strategy for seed treatment which increases rate, percentage and uniformity of germination or emergence, especially under unfavourable environmental conditions. The most frequently used seed priming techniques involve polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium chloride (NaCl), or potassium nitrate (KNO3). However, for the emergence or growth in conditions of high salinity it becomes necessary to improve on these techniques. Seeds of muskmelon were primed in darkness at 25degreesC for four days, in solutions with 150 mM of different N-form salts (NH4NO3; KNO3; (NH4)SO4) and NaCl. Seeds were then rinsed and dried at 25degreesC, and finally germinated in three levels of salinity (0.5; 2.5 and 5.0 dS m(-1)) for 38 hours. Germination and growth of the protused radicle were monitored each hour to determine the Germination Index (GI) and rates of germination and growth. All salt solutions except (NH4)(2)SO4) resulted in an improved germination rate, radicle growth and Germination Index. Seeds primed with NH4NO3 and KNO3 had greater resistance to higher salinity levels in germination solution, while better GI and rates of germination and growth compared to the control; (NH4)(2)SO4 and NaCl primed treatments. Detrimental effect on total seed germination was observed only on (NH4)(2)SO4 primed seeds.

Ionic variations in xylem stream of tomato plants in relation to time of exudation

10-day-old tomato plants, (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) of the F-1 hybrid variety Ramy were tra... more 10-day-old tomato plants, (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) of the F-1 hybrid variety Ramy were transplanted in a NFT special system. After 24 days of growth of the experiment, concentration of anions, cations, pH and volume of water uptake were measured in exudates collected hourly during 4-hours periods after decapitation. Plants were harvested at different times during the 24-hour day period. It was shown that the values in xylem sap changed dramatically depending on the time of sap collection after decapitation. This study was conducted to gain more information about the techniques for xylem sap sampling and to investigate changes in the ionic concentrations, PH and volume of xylem sap, within the first four hours of exudation. The harvest of exudates should be taken within the first hour after decapitation. In order to obtain a representative xylem sap sample.

Vegetative ndex and Optimal Range in Horticultural Crops

During two vegetative cycles the evolution of two vegetative indexes accurately defines the metab... more During two vegetative cycles the evolution of two vegetative indexes accurately defines the metabolic changes produced during the various phenological stages in crops. Culture conditions and the characteristics of the species used led to high optimal ranges. The value of these optimal ranges cannot be considered as static, since it defines a critical area which varies throughout the whole biological cycle and which is established in terms of the nutritional dynamics of each species. The optimal range of both vegetative indexes allows us to precisely quantify the nutritional state of the crop and to correct possible anomalies before they become irreparable. Optimal range for vegetative index in horticultural crops is: Tomato (1.29-1.37); Pepper (1. 13-1.23); Cucumber (1.16-1.22); Navy bean (1.28-1.44); Muskmelon (0.77-0.78); Watermelon (0.84-0.86).

A Method for Diagnosing the Status of Horticultural Crops. 1. Macronutrients

Marked responses of horticultural crops (tomato, pepper, navy bean, cucumber, muskmelon and water... more Marked responses of horticultural crops (tomato, pepper, navy bean, cucumber, muskmelon and watermelon) to macro- and micronutrient fertilization have been recorded but little information exists on macronutrient requirements of these crops in greenhouses. Although he crops differed in visual susceptibility to nutrient concentrations in the vegetative stage, they differed only slightly in macronutrient uptake. Leaf concentration of mobile nutrients N, P, S and K significantly declined (export) as the biological cycle of cultures elapses. For immobile nutrients Ca, Mg and Na, leaf concentration significantly increase (import) with time in all the species studied. Culture conditions and the characteristics of the species used led to high values for optimal ranges. Optimal ranges for macronutrients, cannot however be considered as static, since they define a critical area which varies throughout the biological cycle and which is stablished in terms of nutritional dynamics in each species.

Concentracion de NO3- en limbos foliares de variedades de sandia

Ferilizer N intercated in their effect on yield and tissue composition of varieties of watermelon... more

Sustratos para cultivos horticolas y flores de corte

Physical evaluation of four substrates for cut-rose crops

The acreage of cut flowers grown on soilless substrates in Colombia has increased substantially o... more The acreage of cut flowers grown on soilless substrates in Colombia has increased substantially over recent years. However, the know-how regarding substrate properties is too empirical, and few studies have been carried out on their physical characteristics. The present paper studies the hydro-physical characteristics of burnt rice husks, coconut fiber and mixtures of both, in proportions of 35:65 and 65:35. Particle size distribution, solid and bulk density, total porosity, air and water distribution (easily, heavily, and reserve water, and saturated hydraulic conductivity) were analyzed for each substrate at several phenological stages of rose crops. The results showed values for solid density similar to those previously reported, ranging between 0.77 g.cm(-3) for burnt rice husks and 0.81 g.cm(-3) for the 65:35 mixture. Bulk density is highest on burnt rice husks (0.26 g.cm(-3)) and lowest on coconut fiber (0.13 g.cm(-3)), mixtures show proportional intermediate values. Coconut fiber displayed bigger particle size (from {\textgreater}2.5 to 0.63 mm), whereas burnt rice husk has higher values of fine particle size (0.63 to {\textless}0.08 mm), and that fraction will increase with the crop's age. These differences in particle size affect the water retention curve and the water types for each substrate type. Air content and easily available water might help us to define adequate water management and efficiency on different substrates, and will be predicted by single linear regression of the mixtures. Production and quality of rose stems were affected by the substrate type.

Fertigation of tomato crops using poor quality water

The efficient use of water and fertiliser is of great importance for vegetable crops in arid and ... more The efficient use of water and fertiliser is of great importance for vegetable crops in arid and semiarid regions. The fertigation solutions developed in temperate areas are not adapted to these conditions, and any modification in composition or concentration affects both water (WUE) and fertiliser (NUE) use efficiencies. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the response of tomato crops in order to optimise the use of water and nutrient input when poor quality water is used in the semi-arid region of south-east Spain. In this experiment, four fertigation strategies were used on a tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. 'Salvador', using water of poor agronomic quality. The experiment was carried out from December 2001 to June 2002 in a cool greenhouse, located in {\'{A}}guilas Murcia. The substrate used was perlite (0-6 mm) contained in crops channels 20 L plant-1. Water and fertiliser applications were modified for each different strategy in order to contrast the yield obtained with the input applied. Results show that, from an economic and ecological point of view, the best fertigation strategy consists of reducing fertiliser concentration in nutrient solution by 50{\%}. On the other hand, a reduction of drainage of fertigation volumes applied to less than 20{\%}, can be a good strategy in cool Mediterranean seasons. The different strategies can modify Water and Nutrient efficiencies.

Postharvest Quality of Three Tomato Cultivars

During the post-harvest life many biochemical changes occur affecting quality. These changes are ... more During the post-harvest life many biochemical changes occur affecting quality. These changes are due to many factors including the cultivar. In tomato, there are marked differences among cultivars regarding the duration of their post- harvest life. "Long Shelf Life" cultivars are characterized by a high firmness throughout the post-harvest period, but their organoleptic characteristics are not optimal. The aim of this study was to characterize changes in various parameters of fruit quality in three tomato cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse (5,000 m2) during 2006-2007 in Southeast Spain. Fruits of cvs. Daniela, Rambo and Genma were harvested at turning stage. They were selected in homogeneous lots and an initial analysis was performed on 20 fruits per cultivar to assess fruit quality. The fruits were conserved at 12{\^{A}}°C ({\^{A}}±1{\^{A}}°C) and 90{\%} relative humidity. Every 7 days a batch of 20 fruits per cultivar was analyzed to determine refractive index (RI), firmness and glucose and fructose contents. At the same interval, another batch of 20 fruits was maintained at 20{\^{A}}°C for 48 h to simulate conditions for marketing, after which their quality parameters were analyzed. At the time of harvest no differences were found for firmness, while R.I., glucose and fructose content were higher for cv. Rambo. The fruits of 'Daniela' were firmer than the rest and had a longer post-harvest life. 'Daniela' is a long life cultivar, which softens slowly. The soluble solids content declined gradually over the days of conservation. 'Daniela' fruit had a lower R.I., a sign of its low organoleptic quality and flavour. This gradual decline of R.I. during cold storage is normal and in principle is attributed to the phenomenon of respiration contributing to the consumption of sugar, the main component of this quality parameter. However, no significant differences were found among glucose and fructose contents during storage.

Both electrical conductivity and sodium absorption ratio of the fertigation solution affect yield and quality of soilless melon crops

This research was carried out on Galia melon plants grown in perlite in greenhouse at a density o... more This research was carried out on Galia melon plants grown in perlite in greenhouse at a density of 2 plants m-2. The seeds of these plants were primed with two nitrogen forms (NO3- or NH 4+) and NaCl at a concentration of 8 gr N l-1 or 300 mM respectively, or not primed (Control). All seeds were germinated in a rhizotron and then sown in the nursery and treated with four fertigation solutions of differing levels of salinity. Two treatments were evaluated in which the Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) of the irrigation water was modified by the direct supply of cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+), and the indirect supply of K+ and anions (NO3-, HPO4- and SO4=) increasing the Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the fertigation solution. Four fertigation treatments were used (SAR 10, 9, 7, 6 and EC 3, 4, 5, 6), thus modifying the ionic ratios of Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+, Na+/Mg2+ and Cl-/NO3-. The fertigation solution with lower SAR and higher EC led to an increase in fruit production, lower average fruit weight, a greater number of fruits and a higher percentage of total soluble solids. These results suggest that the effect of salinity on crop production depends on both the amount of dissolved salts and the ionic ratios established at the level of the rhizosphere. This should be considered for designing alternative models for predicting the response of horticultural crops, such as melon, to increasing salinity.

$Research paper thumbnail of An{\'{a}}lisis vegetal, nutrici{\'{o}}n, y fertirriego: Conceptos b{\'{a}}sicos de nutrici{\'{o}}n vegetal$

An{\'{a}}lisis vegetal, nutrici{\'{o}}n, y fertirriego: Conceptos b{\'{a}}sicos de nutrici{\'{o}}n vegetal

Reutilizacion de aguas residuales para riego en agricultura

Como consecuencia del continuo crecimiento de la poblacion, de la contaminacion tanto de las agua... more Como consecuencia del continuo crecimiento de la poblacion, de la contaminacion tanto de las aguas superficiales como de las subterraneas, de la desigual distribucion de los recursos hidricos y de las sequias periodicas, los responsables de la gestion del agua se han visto obligados a buscar nuevas fuentes de recursos hidricos. La reutilizacion de aguas residuales depuradas y regeneradas esta recibiendo una atencion creciente como fuente fiable para atenuar el deficit hidrico. La demanda anual bruta de agua en Andalucia se cifra en torno a 5.700 hm3 al ano, de los cuales el 15{\%} corresponde al consumo urbano, el 77{\%} corresponde a la demanda para riego (casi 4.400 hm3), un 3{\%} para industria y un 5{\%} para otros usos (Consejeria de Medio Ambiente, Informe 2003). Segun el mismo informe, el nivel de infraestructura y equipamiento para depuracion de aguas residuales en Andalucia, para dicho ano era de 427 estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales (EDAR). La provincia con mayor numero de EDAR es Almeria, con 94 en funcionamiento y 22 en construccion; la que presenta mayor deficit de este tipo de equipamientos es Cordoba, con 21 en funcionamiento y siete en construccion. El Plan Andaluz de Regadios 2000-2006 cifraba en 169 hm3 al ano el volumen de agua depurada para su reutilizacion en las zonas del litoral andaluz (un 52{\%} de las aguas residuales generadas en esas zonas), que podrian llegar a consolidar 48.250 ha de regadio, con una dotacion media de 3.500 m3 por hectarea.

Libro de Resúmenes y Ponencias del 3ºSeminario Internacional RIARES

Libros Electrónicos n.º 161, 2023

Este tercer Seminario Internacional fue organizado por el Vicerrectorado de Investigación e Innov... more Este tercer Seminario Internacional fue organizado por el Vicerrectorado de Investigación e Innovación y la Escuela Superior de Ingeniería de la Universidad de Almería. Contó con la colaboración de Vicerrectorado de Deportes, Sostenibilidad y Universidad Saludable; el Vicerrectorado de Internacionalización; UniGreen: (The Green European University); el Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Agroalimentación (cei A3); el Centro de Investigación en Agrosistemas Intensivos Mediterráneos y Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL); la Oficina de Transferencia de Resultados de Investigación (OTRI); el Grupo de Investigación “Agricultura y Medio Ambiente en Zonas Áridas) (RNM151, PAIDI-UAL) y la Fundación CELBITEC. Se recibieron aportaciones en formato ponencia, pósteres y propuestas de investigación Las aportaciones de este seminario se centraron preferentemente en los Sistemas de Producción Agrícola y Sostenibilidad. Cosecha y Poscosecha sin excluir otros aspectos, experiencias y estrategias para propiciar una agricultura más sostenible.

Libro de Resúmenes y Ponencias del 2º Seminario Internacional RIARES

Libros Electrónicos n.º 153, 2023

Este segundo Seminario fue organizado por la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UP... more Este segundo Seminario fue organizado por la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC); La Dirección de Investigaciones y La Vicerrectoría Investigación y Extensión (VIE); El Centro de Gestión de Investigación y Extensión (CIEC), Facultad de Ciencias, a través del Grupo de Investigación BIOPLASMA, en alianza con la Universidad Arturo Prat (Iquique, Chile), UASLP (San Luis Potosí, México) y la UAL (Almería, España). Asimismo, cuenta con la participación de IMD, S.A. de C. V (México); ASAC. (Chile); FundesCampo (Colombia); ASOCACABO (Colombia) y AGROINTEC (España).
Las aportaciones a este segundo seminario se centraron preferentemente en el uso sostenible de los recursos agrícolas, en la contribución de la biotecnología a la calidad agroambiental: Las aportaciones, recogen aspectos relacionados con la mejora biotecnológica de la resistencia a estreses, la innovación en el sector agrícola, la biodiversidad en sistemas silvopastoriles, el uso y manejo de los sistemas de producción tradicionales y el modernismo o la importancia de las acciones sociales en el fortalecimiento del sector agroalimentario en zonas marginales deprimidas.

Ferti-Riego: Tecnologias y Programacion en Agroplasticultura

by Miguel Guzmán and Roberto Villalobos