Papers by Md Ashrafuzzaman
In vitro propagation of strawberry was conducted at the Biotechnology Lab. of BARI, Joydebpur, Ga... more In vitro propagation of strawberry was conducted at the Biotechnology Lab. of BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur. For shoot induction, five BAP concentrations viz., 0.0 (Control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/l and for root induction four IBA concentrations viz., 0.0 (Control), 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/l were used. The highest average number of shoots (7) and the highest average length (3.34 cm) of shoot was observed at the concentration of 0.5 mg/l BAP. The highest average number of leaves (5) was also observed at the same concentration. Among the five rooting concentrations, IBA @ 0.5 mg/l showed the best performance in all the parameters studied. The highest number (6) of roots/culture and the longest (3.05 cm) roots were also obtained from this concentration. Half strength MS media without IBA concentration did not show any response regarding root induction.
Studies were conducted to isolate and identify Edwardsiella tarda from diseased fish, evaluate th... more Studies were conducted to isolate and identify Edwardsiella tarda from diseased fish, evaluate their antibiotic sensitivity pattern and screen the antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant extracts against the isolates. A total of 12 E. tarda isolates were identified through a series of morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. Furthermore, pathogenicity of the isolates was addressed by experimental challenges with fish models. The isolates exhibited strong virulence to mrigal fish (Cirrhinus mrigala) with LD50 ranging from 1.3×10 3 to 1.8×10 8 CFU/fish -1 . Seven isolates out of these twelve were found highly virulent exhibiting high (100%) mortality in experimental fish. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the E. tarda isolates was conducted by disc diffusion method for eight antibiotic discs where, all of the isolates were found to be sensitive against ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and gentamycin. Conversely, majority of the isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline (75%), ampicillin (66%) and nalidixic acid (50%). A total of 82 plant extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity against the E. tarda isolates where 12 plant extracts were able to show antibacterial activity. Among the plant species tested, Tamarindus indica, Citrus aurantifolia, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, Spondius pinnata showed the most promising result against all of the E. tarda isolates.
Genetic variability among the genotypes of any species could be utilized for its improvement. PCR... more Genetic variability among the genotypes of any species could be utilized for its improvement. PCR-based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to determine the genetic diversity and relationship among 10 cucumber varieties and genotypes. Five decamer primers were used to amplify genomic DNA and the primers yielded a total of 54 bands of which 36 bands were polymorphic and 18 bands were monomorphic. The UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei's (1972) genetic distance indicated segregation of 10 cucumber varieties and genotypes into two main clusters. Variety Joti alone grouped in cluster 1 while variety Green Master, Shahi-50, Shikha, Shila, Shital, Naogaon-5, Shohag-50, Giant Long and genotype CS-043 grouped in cluster 2. Variety Shila was very close to variety Shital with the least genetic distance (0.1712). The highest genetic distance (0.5352) was found between Joti and Naogaon-5.
The study was conducted to obtain salt tolerant genotype of BRRI Dhan 38 and Chini Kanai (local v... more The study was conducted to obtain salt tolerant genotype of BRRI Dhan 38 and Chini Kanai (local variety) rice varieties through somaclonal variation. Different concentration and combinations of growth regulators were supplemented to MS medium to observe the callus induction and plantlet regeneration ability of mature rice seeds. On the other hand, the calli were transferred to the best regeneration medium at different concentrations of NaCl to check the inherent capacity of calli to regenerate on medium under salt stress condition. Maximum percentage of callus induction was observed in MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l 2,4-D for BRRI Dhan 38 and 3 mg/l for Chini Kanai. Calli derived from the different concentrations of 2, 4-D were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/L BA and various concentration of Kinetin for plantlet regeneration. It was observed that MS media supplemented with 2 mg/l of kinetin in combination with 1 mg/l NAA and 2 mg/l BA produced highest percentage of callus for BRRI Dhan 38 (80%) and Chini Kanai (60%) respectively. Plant regeneration of BRRI dhan 38 was 80% at 0 mM NaCl, but decreased to 20% at 100 mM NaCl. There was 0% plant regeneration at 150 mM NaCl for BRRI 38 and Chini Kanai respectively. In Chini Kanai plant regeneration on the no-stress medium was 60%. At 150 mM it decreased to 20% and there was no regeneration at 200 mM NaCl. It indicates that Chini Kanai is more salt tolerant then BRRI Dhan 38.
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogen responsible for skin infection, urinary tract ... more Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogen responsible for skin infection, urinary tract infection (UTI) and endocarditis in human. The study was performed to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistant S. aureus in human clinical sample and to evaluate their sensitivity to Allamanda cathartica L. leaf extract. A total of 12 isolates were identified belongs to S. aureus by performing several physiological and biochemical tests. The isolates exhibited highest resistant (75%) to streptomycin and lowest (33.33%) against co-trimoxazole followed by disc diffusion assay of eight antibiotics tested. The other four antibiotics such as azithromycin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin and erythromycin exhibited 50 to 66.67% resistant to present isolates. Here we found that 75% of S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The crude leaf extract of A. cathartica L. found to possess antibacterial properties at the rate of 83.33% against S. aureus isolates with 12-22 mm zone of inhibition. Results of TLC states that Benzene : Ethyl acetate (1:1) solvent system was more effective for initial separation of compound from crude leaf extract resulted three distinct bands with different Rf values ranging from 0.53 to 0.89. The result of this study refers that A. cathartica L. leaf extract would be useful to develop effective drugs that would reduce the higher prevalence of multidrug resistance S. aureus causing clinical infection in human.
Ten rice germplasms were used to evaluate salinity tolerance at the seedling and reproductive sta... more Ten rice germplasms were used to evaluate salinity tolerance at the seedling and reproductive stages. Salinized and non-salinized setups were maintained at both stages. Phenotyping of the rice germplasms at the seedling stage was done using salinized (EC 12 dSm -1 ) nutrient solution in hydroponic system and at the reproductive stage using salinized tap water (EC 6 dSm -1 ). The salinity screening was done using IRRI standard protocol. At the seedling stage, seven moderately tolerant, two susceptible and one highly susceptible germplasms were identified using standard evaluation score (SES). At the reproductive stage, salt tolerant genotypes showed less reduction of plant height total dry matter and number of filled grains. Considering the performance of the agronomic traits, five moderately tolerant genotypes were identified namely, TNDB-100, RD-2586, Bara (Boro) Dhan, Kala Jira and Y-1281. On the other hand, IR-29, Kaliboro 109-4, Dhaliboro 105-2 and RM 250-43 were identified as susceptible. On the basis of SES score and phenotypic performance, out of 10 rice germplasms, two were selected as desired parents (TNDB-100 and IR-29) for crossing. TNDB-100 were moderately salt tolerant genotype whereas IR-29 high yielding salt susceptible genotype. F2 populations were developed from TNDB-100×IR-29. Genotypic analyses were done using four selected polymorphic SSR markers viz. RM336, RM256, RM6613 and OSR28 for identification of salt tolerant genotypes. Five moderately tolerant rice genotypes from F2 progenies were identified from the four selected SSR markers. These tested markers could be efficiently used in marker-assisted selection.
The study was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity among deep water rice genotypes using Si... more The study was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity among deep water rice genotypes using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers through marker aided selection (MAS). Twelve deep water rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasms of Bangladesh was selected for genetic diversity analysis using eighteen SSR markers. Upon PCR amplification the alleles were separated on Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) system. Initial polymorphism detection was conducted using eighteen primer pairs distributed on twelve rice chromosomes. The chosen microsatellite marker panel consisted of RM1, RM452, RM130, RM252, RM13, RM204, RM11, RM25, RM205, RM244, RM206, and RM463 with one representative from each chromosome. A total of 79 alleles were detected with an average of 4.38 alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content (PIC) reflections of alleles diversity frequency among the varieties, which is ranged from 0.477 to 0.782, with an average of 0.634. RM 13 was found as the best marker for identification of genotypes as revealed by PIC values. The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) dendrogram revealed 2 major groups with 4 clusters and the wide range of dissimilarity values (0.14-0.89) which showed a high degree of diversity among the cultivars. The results of the genetic diversity will be useful for the selection of the parents for developing submergence tolerant and flash flood tolerant rice variety through molecular breeding program.
The present study was conducted with a view to evaluate the therapeutic potentials of twenty six ... more The present study was conducted with a view to evaluate the therapeutic potentials of twenty six plant extracts traditionally used in Bangladesh against human pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis by disc diffusion method. Out of twenty six plant extracts eight crude plant extracts namely Allamanda cathartica (leaf), Allium sativum (bulb), Citrus limon (fruit), Tam arindus indica (fruit), Prunus domestica (Fruit), Averrhoa carambo la (fruit), Piper betle (leaf) and Terminalia arjuna (leaf) were found to exhibit potential antimicrobial properties against the isolated human clinical bacterial isolates whereas twelve plant extracts were failed to show any antibacterial activity against any of the isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by ten plant species in case of Proteus mirabilis. The maximum antimicrobial activity was found up to 80% in Tam arindus indica in case of
Salmonellosis in calves appears as one of the major problems in Bangladesh and causes substantial... more Salmonellosis in calves appears as one of the major problems in Bangladesh and causes substantial economic loss. The present study was conducted with a view to isolate and identify Salmonella species from apparently healthy and diarrhoeic calves of Char Nilokkhiya, BAU dairy farm and calves those came to Veterinary clinic. During the present study, out of 126 rectal swab samples, 10 samples were identified as positive for Salmonella. The isolates were named as D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, H1, H2, H3 and H4. Of the 10 isolates 4 were isolated from 71 apparently healthy calves and 6 were isolated from 55 diarrhoeic calves. In case of apparently healthy individual, the percentage of positive samples from those areas was 6.25%, 4% and 6.66% respectively whereas in case of diarrhoeic calves it was 11.11%, 9.52% and 12% respectively. The overall prevalence of Salmonella in diarrhoeic calves (10.90%) was remarkably higher than in apparently healthy calves (5.633%). Pathogenicity test was performed using 5 groups of day old white mice each consisting of 4 animals by inoculating the isolates orally and intraperitonially which caused diarrhoea and death to the mice used. The group of animals was numbered as Group-A, Group-B, Group-C, Group-D and Goup-E. Two mice from each of Group-A and Group-B were inoculated orally each with o.5 ml. of the inoculum of the isolate No. H1 and H2 respectively, while the remaining two mice of the same groups were injected intraperitoneally each with 0.25 ml. of the inoculum of the same isolate. Similarly isolate no. D1 and D2 were inoculated into the animal group C and D respectively while Group-E was kept as control and inoculated with nutrient broth. The antimicrobial susceptibility of all the Salmonella isolates was analyzed by the disc diffusion method. Most of the isolates were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and spiramycin, moderately sensitive to amoxycillin, streptomycin and oxytetracycline and nearly resistant to penicillin and slulphamethoxazole.
The identification of the best culture medium and the most suitable tomato variety was perform ed... more The identification of the best culture medium and the most suitable tomato variety was perform ed by In vitro regeneration. In the present study, attem pts have been made to develop an efficient protocol for regeneration of V1 (ROMA VF ), V2 (Baromasi Hybrid Tom ato: JHOLOK) and V3 (T omato Hybrid F1 JAGU R) varieties with their tolerance against abiotic stress (salt) to obtain stress tolerant tom ato. The cotyledon induced in MS medium which was supplemented with T1 (MS+1mg/l BA+0.5mg/l NAA), T2 (MS + 1.5mg/l BA + 1mg/l NAA) and T3 (2mg/l BA + 1.5mg/l N AA) from seeds of those varieties. Maximum percentage (75%) of cotyledon induction was observed in T1 for V1, V2 and T3 for V3 respectively. Cotyledon derived from different concentrations of BA and NAA were cultured on MS m edium supplem ented with T3 (1. 5 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/l BA) and TL (2.0 mg/l Kinetin) for plantlet regeneration. It was observed that MS m edia supplemented with T3 + TL produced lowest percentage of shoot (20%), callus (10%) and root (0%) in case of V2 and highest percentage of shoot (80%), callus(60%) and root (20%) in case of V3. Callus were transferred to the regener ation medium supplemented with NaCl (0 to 75mM) in order to examine their responses to salinity, the above three varieties, showed a significant decline in the callus growth. Present studies have shown that Hybrid F1 JAGUR variety is more responsive in regeneration and salt tolerant than others.
Experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of botanical extract and chemical insecticide on... more Experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of botanical extract and chemical insecticide on the germination of pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis) infested seeds of black gram (Phaseolus mungo), gram (Cicer arietinum), and mung bean (Vigna radiata). Neem extract (10%) and garlic extract (10%) were used as botanical extract where as 1% sevin 85 SP was used as chemical insecticide. From the foregoing analysis here in, it was observed that neem extract treated pulse seeds were germinated into highest number of normal seedlings in comparison with garlic extract and sevin 85 SP treated seeds when one day and ten days infested seeds were taken under consideration. But there was no significant difference in producing normal seedlings among neem extract, garlic extract and sevin 85 SP in case of thirty days infested pulse seeds due to the fact that adult insect emerged and leaved the pulse seeds at this time. The germination of normal seedlings varied from pulse species to number of days of seed infestation.
The experiment was carried out to establish an efficient callus induction system of Stevia rebaud... more The experiment was carried out to establish an efficient callus induction system of Stevia rebaudiana from a variety of explants as well as direct regeneration from nodes. Callus initiation was done to extract secondary metabolites. However direct regeneration is essential for rapid large-scale clonal propagation. Among leaf, node and inter-nodal explants, the best callus initiation performance was observed by nodes. MS medium fortified with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) 2.0 mg/L + 6benzyladenine (BA) 2.0 mg/L showed the highest (93.33 ± 6.67%) callus induction by nodal explants. Though inter-nodal explants showed a moderate response (73.33 ± 6.67%) for callus induction in MS medium complemented with NAA 3.0 mg/L + BA 1.0 mg/L, nodal explants showed higher response (86.67 ± 13.33%) than inter-nodal explants in that nutritional environment. Leaf explants always showed very poor callus. However, the best direct regenerating medium was MS medium + BA 1.0 mg/L for multiple shoot proliferation and then transferring those shoots to ½ MS medium + NAA 1.0 mg/L for root formation.
Effects of different hormonal concentration on multiple shoot formation of RABI Strawberry-3 were... more Effects of different hormonal concentration on multiple shoot formation of RABI Strawberry-3 were studied. Where the explants were runner tips that cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 6-Benzyl Adenine and Kinetin. The maximum percentage 80% of shoot was obtained from Benzyl Adenine concentrations of 0.5 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l whereas Kinetin concentrations were 1.5 mg/l and 2.0 mg/l separately. More promising result was found by combining two impressive concentrations of each hormone. When MS basal media was supplemented with Kinetin 2.0mg/l + Benzyl Adenin A 0.5 mg/l, Kinetin 1.5 mg/l + Benzyl Adenine 0.5 mg/l and Kinetin 1.5 mg/l + Benzyl Adenine 1.0 mg/l respectively then 100% shoots were obtained.
The effects of different hormonal concentration on shoot formation and callus induction were stud... more The effects of different hormonal concentration on shoot formation and callus induction were studied on BARI Malta-1 (Citrus sinensis). Seeds containing seed coat and without seed coat was treated by Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 6-benzyl adenine (BA) and Kinetin (KIN). Removal of seed coat showed an early response for shoot formation. The highest (70%) shoot formation was obtained from seeds without seed coat treated with MS basal media + BA 1.0 mg/l while KIN showed no response for shoot formation in any supplemented concentration. However, in case of callus induction internodes and apical shoot tips were used as explants and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) was used as callus inducing hormone. MS basal media supplemented with 2, 4-D, 2.0 mg/l showed highest (68%) callus induction.
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.), known as national fruit of Bangladesh, found between Jun... more Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.), known as national fruit of Bangladesh, found between June to August. Propagation of jackfruit plant from seeds is not widely accepted because of high heterozygosis. To maintain the true type quality fruit, tissue culture technique could be used for the propagation of jackfruit throughout the year. Healthy and juvenile shoot tips were used for explanting purpose and cultured in Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium complemented with different concentrations (0 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 3 mg/L and 4 mg/L) of plant growth hormone i.e. BAP (6-benzyleaminopurine), for the purpose of multiple shoot development. Regeneration of shoots increased comparatively better when MS medium was enriched with 2 mg/L of BAP. With the increase of subculture (up to 10th maximum), frequency of shoot proliferation was enhanced. These shoots were then cultured on half strength of MS medium supplemented with 0 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 3 mg/L and 4 mg/L IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) and observed that 2 mg/L IBA containing medium was highest in number of roots/explants, root length and early root induction.
Chowdhury MMH, Ashrafuzzaman M, Begum SN, Islam MM, Dhar P (2012) Regeneration of plantlets from ... more Chowdhury MMH, Ashrafuzzaman M, Begum SN, Islam MM, Dhar P (2012) Regeneration of plantlets from grape (Vitis vinifera L.) through different explants. Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 7(2), 12-18.
In this study, two varieties of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) BRRI Dhan 50 (Bangla Moti) and BR... more In this study, two varieties of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) BRRI Dhan 50 (Bangla Moti) and BRRI Dhan 34 (Khaskhani) were used to establish a suitable system for callus initiation and regeneration. MS media supplemented with different concentrations i.e. (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mg/L of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and combination with BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), (2.0 mg/L) were used for callus induction from mature dehusked rice seeds. MS medium supplemented with only 3.0 mg/L of 2,4-D, produced maximum percentage of callus that is 90% for BRRI Dhan 50 and 80% for BRRI Dhan 34. On the other hand, MS media with 3.0 and 4.0 mg/L of 2,4-D in combination with 2.0 mg/L BAP produced highest percentage of callus (80 %) for BRRI Dhan 50 and 70 % for BRRI Dhan 34. For plantlet regeneration, MS media with 1.0 mg/L NAA (1-Napthaleneacetic acid), 2.0 mg/L BA (6-benzyladenine) and various concentrations of Kinetin (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mg/L) were employed. The maximum percentage of shoot regeneration was recorded at MS media supplemented with 4.0 mg/L of Kinetin +1.0 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L BA for both varieties. These results will be very helpful to improve rice quality through somaclonal variation and genetic transformation.
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Papers by Md Ashrafuzzaman