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Mervat Badr

National Research Centre, Mechanical Engineering department, Emerita

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Armando Marques-Guedes

UNL - New University of Lisbon

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Universitas Langlangbuana

Jesper Hoffmeyer

University of Copenhagen

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Goldsmiths, University of London

Visvesvaraya Technological University

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Université du Québec à Rimouski

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Papers by Mervat Badr

Library Research Guides: ENGL 1102 - Reed: Welcome

Cost Analysis Of Hybrid Wind Energy Generating System Considering Co2 Emissions

The basic objective of the research is to study the effect of hybrid wind energy on the cost of g... more The basic objective of the research is to study the effect of hybrid wind energy on the cost of generated electricity considering the cost of reduction CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The system consists of small wind turbine(s), storage battery bank and a diesel generator (W/D/B). Using an optimization software package, different system configurations are investigated to reach optimum configuration based on the net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) as economic optimization criteria. The cost of avoided CO<sub>2</sub> is taken into consideration. The system is intended to supply the electrical load of a small community (gathering six families) in a remote Egyptian area. The investigated system is not connected to the electricity grid and may replace an existing conventional diesel powered electric supply system to reduce fuel consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The simulation results showed that W/D energy system is more economic than di...

Technical and Economic Analysis of Smart Micro-Grid Renewable Energy Systems: An Applicable Case Study

Renewable energy-based micro-grids are presently attracting significant consideration. The smart ... more Renewable energy-based micro-grids are presently attracting significant consideration. The smart grid system is presently considered a reliable solution for the expected deficiency in the power required from future power systems. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal components sizes of a micro-grid, investigating technical and economic performance with the environmental impacts. The micro grid load is divided into two small factories with electricity, both on-grid and off-grid modes are considered. The micro-grid includes photovoltaic cells, back-up diesel generator wind turbines, and battery bank. The estimated load pattern is 76 kW peak. The system is modeled and simulated by MATLAB/Simulink tool to identify the technical issues based on renewable power generation units. To evaluate system economy, two criteria are used: the net present cost and the cost of generated electricity. The most feasible system components for the selected application are obtained, based ...

Design of Micro-Grid Renewable Energy System with Energy Storage

Renewable energy-based micro-grids are presently attracting significant consideration. Hence the ... more Renewable energy-based micro-grids are presently attracting significant consideration. Hence the objective of this thesis is to evaluate the technical and economic performance of a micro grid (MG) comparing between MG operation in the two modes; stand-alone (off- grid), and grid connected operation (on-grid). The MGS suggested components are; PV panels, wind turbine(s) in case of grid connected. To evaluate electrical energy storage in batteries and compare it with advanced super-capacitor technology, an experimental set up is designed and constructed. A set of experiments were conducted to investigate the different characteristics and their suitability to charging and discharging conditions. The results showed that super capacitor has higher power density than battery, while battery surpasses the super capacitor in energy density. Hence, the results confirm the understanding that super-capacitor is more suitable for rapid charging and discharging processes than battery which is mor...

Optimization of composite drive shafts against whirling instability

2017 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE), 2017

This paper presents a model for maximizing the critical speed of a composite drive shaft without ... more This paper presents a model for maximizing the critical speed of a composite drive shaft without the penalty of increasing the total structural mass. Additional constraints include stress, torsional buckling as well as side constraints. The selected design variables are the fiber volume fraction distribution, fiber orientation angle and wall thickness of the shaft. Both continuous and discrete grading patterns have been implemented in the directions through the shaft wall thickness and length. Various power-law mathematical expressions describing material grading have been utilized, where the power exponent was taken as a main design variable. The associated optimization problem have been formulated as nonlinear mathematical programming problem and solved by applying the MATLAB optimization ToolBox routines, which implement the sequential quadratic programming method. A case study including the design optimization of a pinned-pinned slender shaft made of carbon-AS4/epoxy-3501-6 comp...

Analysis of Some Engineering Parameters Relevant to the Performance and Reliability of Hollow Fiber Spinning System

Hollow Fiber (HF) membranes manifest wide applications on numerous environmental and industrial f... more Hollow Fiber (HF) membranes manifest wide applications on numerous environmental and industrial fields. The remarkable characteristics of high surface to volume ratio and compaction motivated the rapid advancement of HF technology and engineering. The spinning system is subject to numerous parameters and variables that critically influence the characteristics and performance of the produced HF. This paper outlines theendeavors to develop cellulose acetate (CA) HF membrane prepared by dry-wet spinning under varying dope, rheological settings and conditions in addition to spinning nozzle types and dimensions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been used to simulate the travel of the polymer inside the spinneret. Characterization results using scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and mechanical properties are outlined. Furthermore, the effect of the fore-mentioned parameters on water flux is addressed. Moreover, the fabrication of polysulfone/p...

Economics Analysis of Diesel and Solar Water Pumping with Case Study Water Pumping for Irrigation in Egypt

In rural and undeveloped areas where there is no power grid and more water is needed for agricult... more In rural and undeveloped areas where there is no power grid and more water is needed for agriculture purposes and human uses, the choices for driving water pumps are usually solar via photovoltaic or a fuel driven engine, usually diesel. There are very distinct differences between the two power sources in terms of cost and reliability. The present paper presents an economic analysis of diesel and PV water pumping systems for irrigation purposes at Cairo, Egypt (Lat. 30° 2' 38" North, Long. 31° 14' 9" East). According to the location parameters, the required water demand, unit cost of different components and fuel cost, the study uses the HOMOR software and theoretical equations governing the photovoltaic operation to get the optimal system design and the related economic analysis. The study considered three systems for water pumping; PV only, hybrid PV-Diesel and Diesel only. The study showed the advantages of use photovoltaic energy over that of the diesel generat...

Hybrid Wind and Solar Systems Optimization

Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Wind Farms and Hybrid Systems, Mar 25, 2020

Solar and wind energy systems are considered as promising power-generating sources due to their a... more Solar and wind energy systems are considered as promising power-generating sources due to their availability and advantages in local power generation. However, a drawback is their unpredictable nature. This problem can be partially overcome by integrating these two resources or more in a proper combination to form a hybrid energy system. Nevertheless, the harmonization of different energy sources, energy storage, and load requirements is a challenging task. Thus, the performance of various possible configurations has to be investigated to reach the optimum combination using a simulation program. The number of simulations and time required for calculation increases with the increase in number of optimization variables. Therefore, the selection of a quick and accurate optimization technique is very important. Different software packages, such as HOMER and iHOGA, were developed, where each of them is based on a different optimization algorithm.

Investigation of Socio-Economic and Energy Indicators in the Context of Sustainable Development: Egyptian Case Study

ERJ. Engineering Research Journal, 2009

In this paper, the effect of integration cap size on geoid determination was studied, when using ... more In this paper, the effect of integration cap size on geoid determination was studied, when using gravity disturbances and vertical deflection as input data. For this purpose, a series of varying cap radii was used to predict gravimetric geoidal heights at discrete GPS-Benchmarks, using both the Hotine and deflection-geoid techniques. In both cases, the results showed significant dependence of the resulting geoid accuracy on the integration cap size. The two methods showed comparable behavior in the vicinity of the cap radius, which i s consistent wit? the maximal resolution of the reference geopotential model. At larger cap sizes, the perfomance of the deflection data type was significantly better than the gravity disturbances, which in turn showed a dramatic degradation of the geoid accuracy. Therefore, when solving for the geoid without modifying the integration kemel, it is strongly recommended to nse large cap sizes along with the deflection-geoid method. If gravity disturbances are to be used for geoid determination, then it is recommended to use as small integration cap as possible.

Optimization and energy management of hybrid standalone energy system: a case study

Renewable Energy Focus, 2018

Electric power shortage is a serious problem in remote rural communities in Egypt. Over the past ... more Electric power shortage is a serious problem in remote rural communities in Egypt. Over the past few years, electrification of remote communities including efficient on-site energy resources utilization has achieved high progress. Remote communities usually depend on diesel generator (DG) networks to supply the community with reliable energy and fresh water. The main objective of this paper is to design an optimal economic power supply from a hybrid standalone energy system (HSES). The system is intended to cover the energy required for a desalination unit (DU) installed in a farm in Noubarya, Egypt. The proposed system consists of PV panels, wind turbines (WT), batteries, and DG. DU load is about 105.6 kWh/day rated power with 6.6 kW peak load operating 16 h a day. The objective of system optimization is to reach the suitable size of each component and the control strategy that provide reliable, efficient, and cost effective system using net present cost (NPC) as a criterion. The harmonization of different energy sources, energy storage and load requirements is a challenging task. Thus, the performance of various possible configurations is investigated, using iHOGA software that is based on genetic algorithm (GA). In this study the achieved optimum configuration is further improved by adapting the daily load pattern to the periods of high renewable generated energy to increase direct energy utilization rather than charging batteries. This will result in effective minimization of battery bank size.

Torsional Buckling Optimization of Composite Drive Shafts

One interesting application of composite materials is the composite drive shafts as power transmi... more One interesting application of composite materials is the composite drive shafts as power transmission tubing which are used in many mechanical and structural systems; such as automobiles, marine and flight vehicles, gas and wind turbines…etc. In this paper, a composite drive shaft for an automotive application is optimized for maximizing the torsional buckling torque under mass constraint. Other constraints include bending natural frequency as well as interlaminar shear failure criterion. The selected design variables are the fiber volume fraction, fiber orientation angle and thickness of each composite layer. A case study for a simply supported drive shaft made of carbon/epoxy composite material is considered through the work of this paper. The attained optimum solutions are compared with a known baseline design having the same length, same cross section and same material properties. The optimization problem is built in a nondimensional form; and Global Optimization Toolbox in MAT...

Design Optimization of Mechanical Elements and Structures: a Review with Application

Numerous applications of optimization techniques to solving real life engineering problems that a... more Numerous applications of optimization techniques to solving real life engineering problems that are highly constrained with multiple objectives have been addressed in the literature. Important stage has now been reached at which an investigation of such developments and their practical possibilities should be made and presented. This paper presents the most outstanding progress and development achieved in the field of optimal design of mechanical and structural elements. A brief historical review of this technology, its current status and future needs are addressed in order to achieve an adequate picture of the subject. The authors present some of the important contributions made by the leading scientists of both the theoretical and practical aspects of the optimization of mechanical structures. The aim now is to assimilate this technology into the practicing design environment. As an application, the optimum design problem of a helical compression spring has been formulated and pre...

Economical evaluation of electricity generation considering externalities

Renewable Energy, 2002

The economics of renewable energy are the largest barrier to renewable penetration. Nevertheless,... more

A practical approach for selecting optimum wind rotors

Renewable Energy, 2003

The main objective of this paper is to categorize practical families of horizontal-axis wind turb... more

Frequency optimization of a wind turbine blade in pitching motion

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 2010

This article presents a mathematical model for optimizing frequencies of a wind turbine blade in ... more This article presents a mathematical model for optimizing frequencies of a wind turbine blade in pitching motion. Related design problems include the excessive blade torsional vibrations induced by continuous pitching, which is necessary to limit the power output and protect generator from damages in severe wind conditions. This, in turn, can have adverse effects on the fatigue life of the blades and might cause catastrophic failures near the resonant frequencies. The study considers a blade tapered linearly towards the tip representing the effective aerodynamical surface for producing the needed power. The blade inboard portion is modelled by an equivalent torsional spring simulating the torsional stiffness near the root. The model provides exact solutions of the resulting governing differential equation by utilizing analytical Bessel's functions of the first kind, where the functional behaviour of the torsional frequency has been thoroughly examined. The associated optimizatio...

Cutting Parameter Optimization when Machining Different Materials

Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2010

Flank wear occurring on the cutting edge increases as machining time goes on. This results in an ... more Flank wear occurring on the cutting edge increases as machining time goes on. This results in an increase in the cutting force and the surface roughness which leads to product quality deterioration. Predictive time models presented for flank wear, cutting force, and surface roughness in terms of machining conditions show that the parameters under investigation are sensitive to time, where

Synthesis and characterization of MnPS3 for hydrogen sorption

Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2010

Single phase MnPS3 powder was prepared by solid state reaction between Mn. S and P carried out at... more Single phase MnPS3 powder was prepared by solid state reaction between Mn. S and P carried out at 650 ˚C in evacuated silica tube. The structure, morphology and sorption characteristics of the prepared solid were investigated. The results revealed that the obtained MnPS3 compound was capable of adsorbing 3.5 wt% hydrogen at-193 ˚C and a pressure of 30 bar. Little amount of hydrogen (0.07 wt %) was adsorbed at room temperature. The hydrogen adsorption/desorption cyclesat various temperatures did not result in irreversible chemical structural changes of the MnPS3 compound, but the microstructure after hydrogen cycling diminished and became finer.

Reliability Analysis of Gas Turbine Power Plant Based on Failure Data

Advances in Automobile Engineering, 2020

To predict the reliability of a product or a system, life data from a representative sample of th... more To predict the reliability of a product or a system, life data from a representative sample of the system performance is fitted to the suitable statistical distribution. Reliability analysis techniques have been accepted as standard tools for the planning, design, operation, and maintenance of thermal power plants. Therefore, the parameterized distribution can be used to estimate important life characteristics such as reliability, or probability of failure at a given time, mean life, and failure rate.In today’s competitive environment reliability analysis is the most important requirement of almost all types of systems, subsystems, and complex systems; whether they are mechanical, electrical, or electronic devices. To alleviate failures and improve the performance and increase the operational life of these components and systems, key performance indicators such as: Failure Rate, Reliability, Availability, and Maintainabilityare investigated.Weibull++/ALTA is used to fit the availabl...

Economic Analysis of Stand-Alone Hybrid Wind/PV/Diesel Water Pumping System: A Case Study in Egypt

Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Wind Farms and Hybrid Systems

The design and evaluation of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system for pumping underground... more The design and evaluation of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system for pumping underground water for small farm irrigation is presented. Given environmental conditions, system specifications and daily load demand data, the optimal size of main system components is obtained using a sizing algorithm. Different renewable energy systems are compared using yearly simulations, on hourly base via specialized commercial software simulation packages PVSYST and HOMER, to simulate the system performance and to reach the optimum configurations based on the objective criteria. The criteria used in economic optimization are the net present cost and the cost of energy, with the percent of the capacity shortage. The following systems can be compared: PV only, PV with horizontal axis wind turbine, PV with vertical axis wind turbine, and PV with horizontal axis wind turbine and diesel generator and diesel generator only. The simulation also was carried out for different load patterns for optimum operation. The study was illustrated for climatic conditions of an isolated area in El-Tour City, Sinai, Egypt. The installed 3.42 kW PV water pumping system for irrigation purposes in the same site was also described.

Improving Productivity Using Six Sigma Methodologies: A Case Study on a Fluorescent Glass Tube Production Line

Journal of International Society for Science and Engineering

The objective of this study is to decrease the number of defects occurring through manufacturing ... more The objective of this study is to decrease the number of defects occurring through manufacturing process of the fluorescent glass tube using six sigma techniques performing cost analysis for the case under study; before and after improvement i.e. reduction of the number of defects. The case under study is applied on glass tube production line in one of Toshiba El-Araby Industrial factories. It was observed that there are a number of defect that was monitored through the study period of 9 months. These defects include variation in the outer diameter of the tube, the texture of the batch mix and some other defects. The fluorescent glass tube factory consists of four main areas: utility, batch, melting and production area. The scope of the study is targeting the muffle area in which different types of defects occur during the process. These defects include; variation in the outer diameter of the tube, knots, stones, etc. Advanced six-sigma tool (DMAIC) is applied on a case study to reduce process variation by capability index improvement and determine reduced cost of outside diameter defect per million through using Part-Per-Million (PPM) Calculations. The reduction of outside diameter variation reached 50%

Library Research Guides: ENGL 1102 - Reed: Welcome

Cost Analysis Of Hybrid Wind Energy Generating System Considering Co2 Emissions

The basic objective of the research is to study the effect of hybrid wind energy on the cost of g... more The basic objective of the research is to study the effect of hybrid wind energy on the cost of generated electricity considering the cost of reduction CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The system consists of small wind turbine(s), storage battery bank and a diesel generator (W/D/B). Using an optimization software package, different system configurations are investigated to reach optimum configuration based on the net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) as economic optimization criteria. The cost of avoided CO<sub>2</sub> is taken into consideration. The system is intended to supply the electrical load of a small community (gathering six families) in a remote Egyptian area. The investigated system is not connected to the electricity grid and may replace an existing conventional diesel powered electric supply system to reduce fuel consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The simulation results showed that W/D energy system is more economic than di...

Technical and Economic Analysis of Smart Micro-Grid Renewable Energy Systems: An Applicable Case Study

Renewable energy-based micro-grids are presently attracting significant consideration. The smart ... more Renewable energy-based micro-grids are presently attracting significant consideration. The smart grid system is presently considered a reliable solution for the expected deficiency in the power required from future power systems. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal components sizes of a micro-grid, investigating technical and economic performance with the environmental impacts. The micro grid load is divided into two small factories with electricity, both on-grid and off-grid modes are considered. The micro-grid includes photovoltaic cells, back-up diesel generator wind turbines, and battery bank. The estimated load pattern is 76 kW peak. The system is modeled and simulated by MATLAB/Simulink tool to identify the technical issues based on renewable power generation units. To evaluate system economy, two criteria are used: the net present cost and the cost of generated electricity. The most feasible system components for the selected application are obtained, based ...

Design of Micro-Grid Renewable Energy System with Energy Storage

Renewable energy-based micro-grids are presently attracting significant consideration. Hence the ... more Renewable energy-based micro-grids are presently attracting significant consideration. Hence the objective of this thesis is to evaluate the technical and economic performance of a micro grid (MG) comparing between MG operation in the two modes; stand-alone (off- grid), and grid connected operation (on-grid). The MGS suggested components are; PV panels, wind turbine(s) in case of grid connected. To evaluate electrical energy storage in batteries and compare it with advanced super-capacitor technology, an experimental set up is designed and constructed. A set of experiments were conducted to investigate the different characteristics and their suitability to charging and discharging conditions. The results showed that super capacitor has higher power density than battery, while battery surpasses the super capacitor in energy density. Hence, the results confirm the understanding that super-capacitor is more suitable for rapid charging and discharging processes than battery which is mor...

Optimization of composite drive shafts against whirling instability

2017 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE), 2017

This paper presents a model for maximizing the critical speed of a composite drive shaft without ... more This paper presents a model for maximizing the critical speed of a composite drive shaft without the penalty of increasing the total structural mass. Additional constraints include stress, torsional buckling as well as side constraints. The selected design variables are the fiber volume fraction distribution, fiber orientation angle and wall thickness of the shaft. Both continuous and discrete grading patterns have been implemented in the directions through the shaft wall thickness and length. Various power-law mathematical expressions describing material grading have been utilized, where the power exponent was taken as a main design variable. The associated optimization problem have been formulated as nonlinear mathematical programming problem and solved by applying the MATLAB optimization ToolBox routines, which implement the sequential quadratic programming method. A case study including the design optimization of a pinned-pinned slender shaft made of carbon-AS4/epoxy-3501-6 comp...

Analysis of Some Engineering Parameters Relevant to the Performance and Reliability of Hollow Fiber Spinning System

Hollow Fiber (HF) membranes manifest wide applications on numerous environmental and industrial f... more Hollow Fiber (HF) membranes manifest wide applications on numerous environmental and industrial fields. The remarkable characteristics of high surface to volume ratio and compaction motivated the rapid advancement of HF technology and engineering. The spinning system is subject to numerous parameters and variables that critically influence the characteristics and performance of the produced HF. This paper outlines theendeavors to develop cellulose acetate (CA) HF membrane prepared by dry-wet spinning under varying dope, rheological settings and conditions in addition to spinning nozzle types and dimensions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been used to simulate the travel of the polymer inside the spinneret. Characterization results using scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and mechanical properties are outlined. Furthermore, the effect of the fore-mentioned parameters on water flux is addressed. Moreover, the fabrication of polysulfone/p...

Economics Analysis of Diesel and Solar Water Pumping with Case Study Water Pumping for Irrigation in Egypt

In rural and undeveloped areas where there is no power grid and more water is needed for agricult... more In rural and undeveloped areas where there is no power grid and more water is needed for agriculture purposes and human uses, the choices for driving water pumps are usually solar via photovoltaic or a fuel driven engine, usually diesel. There are very distinct differences between the two power sources in terms of cost and reliability. The present paper presents an economic analysis of diesel and PV water pumping systems for irrigation purposes at Cairo, Egypt (Lat. 30° 2' 38" North, Long. 31° 14' 9" East). According to the location parameters, the required water demand, unit cost of different components and fuel cost, the study uses the HOMOR software and theoretical equations governing the photovoltaic operation to get the optimal system design and the related economic analysis. The study considered three systems for water pumping; PV only, hybrid PV-Diesel and Diesel only. The study showed the advantages of use photovoltaic energy over that of the diesel generat...

Hybrid Wind and Solar Systems Optimization

Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Wind Farms and Hybrid Systems, Mar 25, 2020

Solar and wind energy systems are considered as promising power-generating sources due to their a... more Solar and wind energy systems are considered as promising power-generating sources due to their availability and advantages in local power generation. However, a drawback is their unpredictable nature. This problem can be partially overcome by integrating these two resources or more in a proper combination to form a hybrid energy system. Nevertheless, the harmonization of different energy sources, energy storage, and load requirements is a challenging task. Thus, the performance of various possible configurations has to be investigated to reach the optimum combination using a simulation program. The number of simulations and time required for calculation increases with the increase in number of optimization variables. Therefore, the selection of a quick and accurate optimization technique is very important. Different software packages, such as HOMER and iHOGA, were developed, where each of them is based on a different optimization algorithm.

Investigation of Socio-Economic and Energy Indicators in the Context of Sustainable Development: Egyptian Case Study

ERJ. Engineering Research Journal, 2009

In this paper, the effect of integration cap size on geoid determination was studied, when using ... more In this paper, the effect of integration cap size on geoid determination was studied, when using gravity disturbances and vertical deflection as input data. For this purpose, a series of varying cap radii was used to predict gravimetric geoidal heights at discrete GPS-Benchmarks, using both the Hotine and deflection-geoid techniques. In both cases, the results showed significant dependence of the resulting geoid accuracy on the integration cap size. The two methods showed comparable behavior in the vicinity of the cap radius, which i s consistent wit? the maximal resolution of the reference geopotential model. At larger cap sizes, the perfomance of the deflection data type was significantly better than the gravity disturbances, which in turn showed a dramatic degradation of the geoid accuracy. Therefore, when solving for the geoid without modifying the integration kemel, it is strongly recommended to nse large cap sizes along with the deflection-geoid method. If gravity disturbances are to be used for geoid determination, then it is recommended to use as small integration cap as possible.

Optimization and energy management of hybrid standalone energy system: a case study

Renewable Energy Focus, 2018

Electric power shortage is a serious problem in remote rural communities in Egypt. Over the past ... more Electric power shortage is a serious problem in remote rural communities in Egypt. Over the past few years, electrification of remote communities including efficient on-site energy resources utilization has achieved high progress. Remote communities usually depend on diesel generator (DG) networks to supply the community with reliable energy and fresh water. The main objective of this paper is to design an optimal economic power supply from a hybrid standalone energy system (HSES). The system is intended to cover the energy required for a desalination unit (DU) installed in a farm in Noubarya, Egypt. The proposed system consists of PV panels, wind turbines (WT), batteries, and DG. DU load is about 105.6 kWh/day rated power with 6.6 kW peak load operating 16 h a day. The objective of system optimization is to reach the suitable size of each component and the control strategy that provide reliable, efficient, and cost effective system using net present cost (NPC) as a criterion. The harmonization of different energy sources, energy storage and load requirements is a challenging task. Thus, the performance of various possible configurations is investigated, using iHOGA software that is based on genetic algorithm (GA). In this study the achieved optimum configuration is further improved by adapting the daily load pattern to the periods of high renewable generated energy to increase direct energy utilization rather than charging batteries. This will result in effective minimization of battery bank size.

Torsional Buckling Optimization of Composite Drive Shafts

One interesting application of composite materials is the composite drive shafts as power transmi... more One interesting application of composite materials is the composite drive shafts as power transmission tubing which are used in many mechanical and structural systems; such as automobiles, marine and flight vehicles, gas and wind turbines…etc. In this paper, a composite drive shaft for an automotive application is optimized for maximizing the torsional buckling torque under mass constraint. Other constraints include bending natural frequency as well as interlaminar shear failure criterion. The selected design variables are the fiber volume fraction, fiber orientation angle and thickness of each composite layer. A case study for a simply supported drive shaft made of carbon/epoxy composite material is considered through the work of this paper. The attained optimum solutions are compared with a known baseline design having the same length, same cross section and same material properties. The optimization problem is built in a nondimensional form; and Global Optimization Toolbox in MAT...

Design Optimization of Mechanical Elements and Structures: a Review with Application

Numerous applications of optimization techniques to solving real life engineering problems that a... more Numerous applications of optimization techniques to solving real life engineering problems that are highly constrained with multiple objectives have been addressed in the literature. Important stage has now been reached at which an investigation of such developments and their practical possibilities should be made and presented. This paper presents the most outstanding progress and development achieved in the field of optimal design of mechanical and structural elements. A brief historical review of this technology, its current status and future needs are addressed in order to achieve an adequate picture of the subject. The authors present some of the important contributions made by the leading scientists of both the theoretical and practical aspects of the optimization of mechanical structures. The aim now is to assimilate this technology into the practicing design environment. As an application, the optimum design problem of a helical compression spring has been formulated and pre...

Economical evaluation of electricity generation considering externalities

Renewable Energy, 2002

The economics of renewable energy are the largest barrier to renewable penetration. Nevertheless,... more

A practical approach for selecting optimum wind rotors

Renewable Energy, 2003

The main objective of this paper is to categorize practical families of horizontal-axis wind turb... more

Frequency optimization of a wind turbine blade in pitching motion

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 2010

This article presents a mathematical model for optimizing frequencies of a wind turbine blade in ... more This article presents a mathematical model for optimizing frequencies of a wind turbine blade in pitching motion. Related design problems include the excessive blade torsional vibrations induced by continuous pitching, which is necessary to limit the power output and protect generator from damages in severe wind conditions. This, in turn, can have adverse effects on the fatigue life of the blades and might cause catastrophic failures near the resonant frequencies. The study considers a blade tapered linearly towards the tip representing the effective aerodynamical surface for producing the needed power. The blade inboard portion is modelled by an equivalent torsional spring simulating the torsional stiffness near the root. The model provides exact solutions of the resulting governing differential equation by utilizing analytical Bessel's functions of the first kind, where the functional behaviour of the torsional frequency has been thoroughly examined. The associated optimizatio...

Cutting Parameter Optimization when Machining Different Materials

Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2010

Flank wear occurring on the cutting edge increases as machining time goes on. This results in an ... more Flank wear occurring on the cutting edge increases as machining time goes on. This results in an increase in the cutting force and the surface roughness which leads to product quality deterioration. Predictive time models presented for flank wear, cutting force, and surface roughness in terms of machining conditions show that the parameters under investigation are sensitive to time, where

Synthesis and characterization of MnPS3 for hydrogen sorption

Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2010

Single phase MnPS3 powder was prepared by solid state reaction between Mn. S and P carried out at... more Single phase MnPS3 powder was prepared by solid state reaction between Mn. S and P carried out at 650 ˚C in evacuated silica tube. The structure, morphology and sorption characteristics of the prepared solid were investigated. The results revealed that the obtained MnPS3 compound was capable of adsorbing 3.5 wt% hydrogen at-193 ˚C and a pressure of 30 bar. Little amount of hydrogen (0.07 wt %) was adsorbed at room temperature. The hydrogen adsorption/desorption cyclesat various temperatures did not result in irreversible chemical structural changes of the MnPS3 compound, but the microstructure after hydrogen cycling diminished and became finer.

Reliability Analysis of Gas Turbine Power Plant Based on Failure Data

Advances in Automobile Engineering, 2020

To predict the reliability of a product or a system, life data from a representative sample of th... more To predict the reliability of a product or a system, life data from a representative sample of the system performance is fitted to the suitable statistical distribution. Reliability analysis techniques have been accepted as standard tools for the planning, design, operation, and maintenance of thermal power plants. Therefore, the parameterized distribution can be used to estimate important life characteristics such as reliability, or probability of failure at a given time, mean life, and failure rate.In today’s competitive environment reliability analysis is the most important requirement of almost all types of systems, subsystems, and complex systems; whether they are mechanical, electrical, or electronic devices. To alleviate failures and improve the performance and increase the operational life of these components and systems, key performance indicators such as: Failure Rate, Reliability, Availability, and Maintainabilityare investigated.Weibull++/ALTA is used to fit the availabl...

Economic Analysis of Stand-Alone Hybrid Wind/PV/Diesel Water Pumping System: A Case Study in Egypt

Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Wind Farms and Hybrid Systems

The design and evaluation of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system for pumping underground... more The design and evaluation of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system for pumping underground water for small farm irrigation is presented. Given environmental conditions, system specifications and daily load demand data, the optimal size of main system components is obtained using a sizing algorithm. Different renewable energy systems are compared using yearly simulations, on hourly base via specialized commercial software simulation packages PVSYST and HOMER, to simulate the system performance and to reach the optimum configurations based on the objective criteria. The criteria used in economic optimization are the net present cost and the cost of energy, with the percent of the capacity shortage. The following systems can be compared: PV only, PV with horizontal axis wind turbine, PV with vertical axis wind turbine, and PV with horizontal axis wind turbine and diesel generator and diesel generator only. The simulation also was carried out for different load patterns for optimum operation. The study was illustrated for climatic conditions of an isolated area in El-Tour City, Sinai, Egypt. The installed 3.42 kW PV water pumping system for irrigation purposes in the same site was also described.

Improving Productivity Using Six Sigma Methodologies: A Case Study on a Fluorescent Glass Tube Production Line

Journal of International Society for Science and Engineering

The objective of this study is to decrease the number of defects occurring through manufacturing ... more The objective of this study is to decrease the number of defects occurring through manufacturing process of the fluorescent glass tube using six sigma techniques performing cost analysis for the case under study; before and after improvement i.e. reduction of the number of defects. The case under study is applied on glass tube production line in one of Toshiba El-Araby Industrial factories. It was observed that there are a number of defect that was monitored through the study period of 9 months. These defects include variation in the outer diameter of the tube, the texture of the batch mix and some other defects. The fluorescent glass tube factory consists of four main areas: utility, batch, melting and production area. The scope of the study is targeting the muffle area in which different types of defects occur during the process. These defects include; variation in the outer diameter of the tube, knots, stones, etc. Advanced six-sigma tool (DMAIC) is applied on a case study to reduce process variation by capability index improvement and determine reduced cost of outside diameter defect per million through using Part-Per-Million (PPM) Calculations. The reduction of outside diameter variation reached 50%