Papers by Katarzyna Skowron
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia, 2018
ayache l., skowron K. 2018. a Gallic village hidden in the forest-the exploration and popularisat... more ayache l., skowron K. 2018. a Gallic village hidden in the forest-the exploration and popularisation of the oppidum in Bibracte (France). Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia 13, 69-88 Bibracte-centre archéologique européen is a complex comprising an archaeological site and a research centre and museum, located in the morvan regional park (France). the location of the complex is determined by the fortified celtic settlement, identified with the oppidum of Bibracte, located on mont Beuvray. the inauguration of the Bibracte-centre archéologique européen took place in 1995. the research centre is responsible for excavations on the oppidum, the storage of artefacts, and creating space for archaeological research. the excavations carried out in Bibracte offer a convenient opportunity to organise field practice for students of archaeology. open internships organised in the course of the entire year are a complement to summer excavations. Bibracte is a place of scientific meetings and cooperation for european researchers. the educational packet dedicated to visitors is also noteworthy.
Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2015
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2017
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia, volume 13, 2018
Bibracte – Centre Archéologique Européen to kompleks obejmujący stanowisko archeologiczne, centru... more Bibracte – Centre Archéologique Européen to kompleks obejmujący stanowisko archeologiczne, centrum badawcze oraz muzeum, położony w Parku Regionalnym Morvan (Parc Régional du Morvan). Powodem powstania i zarazem trzonem kompleksu jest zlokalizowana na Mont Beuvray ufortyfikowana osada celtycka identyfikowana ze znanym ze źródeł pisanych oppidum Bibracte. Na oppidum pracowali lub nadal pracują archeolodzy z Austrii, Belgii, Czech, Francji, Hiszpanii, Niemiec, Polski, Szwajcarii, Węgier, Wielkiej Brytanii, Włoch oraz Stanów Zjednoczonych. Bibracte – Centre Archéologique Européen to także ośrodek nastawiony na współpracę z placówkami uniwersyteckimi. Prowadzone tam wykopaliska stanowią dogodną okazję do organizowania praktyk terenowych dla studentów archeologii. Uzupełnieniem letnich prac wykopaliskowych są otwarte staże. Na uwagę zasługuje oferta edukacyjna kierowana do dzieci. Muzeum Cywilizacji Celtyckiej natomiast ma na celu upowszechnianie wiedzy na temat prowadzonych na stanowisku wykopalisk.
Il y a plusieurs cultures antiques où le rite funéraire reste
inconnu et les sépultures n’ont pas... more Il y a plusieurs cultures antiques où le rite funéraire reste
inconnu et les sépultures n’ont pas pu être repérées jusqu’à nos jours. L’analyse des traces matérielles permet parfois de proposer quelques hypothèses à propos
des schémas généraux qui arrangeaient le rite funéraire dominant sur les vastes territoires de l’Europe au IIème âge du Fer. Il semble que la crémation chez les Celtes comprenne un partage des cendres, dont une partie subirait une démarche différente, peut être liée à l’eau. On peut supposer que la disparition des tombes « terrestres », visible à partir de la phase LT C2 serait un effet d’amplification de cette démarche – le défunt serait rendu aux flammes et ensuite ses cendres seraient déposées dans l’eau. Les découvertes de Modlniczka en Pologne suggèrent que dans la phase ancienne, liée avec le groupe de Tyniec, très proche à la culture de la Tène, un dépôt partiel des cendres était conservée pendant des
siècles dans un lieu accessible. Cette variation du rite funéraire peut être considérée comme un élément du culte des ancêtres ou des rites decommémoration, par ailleurs aussi attestés non seulement chez les porteurs de la culture de La Tène, mais aussi chez les peuples de la culture de Przeworsk.
Site no. 10 in Siedliska, community Lubenia, district Rzeszów, is situated near the northern bord... more Site no. 10 in Siedliska, community Lubenia, district Rzeszów, is situated near the northern border of the Dynowskie Foothills. The relics of settlement of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture were located on the north-eastern edge of the slope and a small valley of the watercourse, which is a right side tributary of the Wisłok. In an earlier phase of the settlement there is a dominance of the south, Carpathian elements, associated with the communities representing the Post Gava model of the culture. In younger materials, strong Eastern influences of the circle of the Scythian culture are visible. It is difficult to decide whether the situation observed by us is the result of the movement of the whole population, infiltration by individual representatives of other cultures, imports, a local imitation, or perhaps reminiscence of a certain cultural patterns. The time of functioning of the settlement in Siedliska can be included in the period from the late 8th to the end of the 6th century BC.
Books by Katarzyna Skowron
KU CZCI BOGÓW i LUDZI Skarby z okolic Sanoka. Studium interdyscyplinarne, 2022
Present-day archaeology focuses on the context of finds, on detailed analyses of minor variables ... more Present-day archaeology focuses on the context of finds, on detailed analyses of minor variables and, to a greater and greater degree, makes use of methods offered by pure and natural sciences and interdisciplinary subdisciplines. Hypotheses and interpretations that are based on such sources make researchers verify many statements that can be found in literature. Within this context, “incidental” discoveries of hoards of metal artefacts often remain outside this narrative. There is no question that such discoveries are spectacular and attract media coverage, and they also have exhibition values. However, do we fully make use of their research potential?
In this volume we intended to make use of the research potential offered by five hoards of metal artefacts (Falejówka – Hoard II, Zarszyn – Hoard II, Wola Sękowa, Sanok (Biała Góra), Międzybrodzie). We subjected these hoards to such a series of analyses that would yield a possibly highest amount of research information. This was possible thanks to the effort of 14 authors representing different specialisations, to their knowledge and skills and to analytical instruments they employed. Some differences in conclusions may result from this, but it is a value of this volume rather than its weakness. What was also indispensable in this process was financial support from the Ministry of Culture, National Heritage and Sport, as well as effective organisation during the completion of the project which was provided by the Historical Museum in Sanok. We do not claim that we acquired all possible information. We obtained what we were able to gather in 2022, due to our knowledge, imagination, availability of methods and funds.
In this volume we gathered:
‒ information on circumstances and places of discovery of the deposits
‒ the results of typological, stylistic and chronological analyses of the artefacts from all the discussed deposits,
and results of C dating for the 14 samples from the assemblages discovered in Wola Sękowa and Sanok (Biała Góra),
‒ the results of macro- and microscopic analyses of traces of use for selected (50 samples) bronze artefacts,
‒ the archaeometallurgical study including analyses of the chemical composition of alloys, microscopic
observations and X-ray images of selected artefacts (80 samples),
‒ the results of palaeobotanic analyses of plant remains from the hoards of bronze artefacts in Sanok (Biała Góra) and Wola Sękowa,
‒ the results of the morphological analysis of leather samples taken from inside the bronze fittings which
were part of the hoard from Sanok (Biała Góra),
‒ the attempt at identifying the function of the ceramic vessel from Zarszyn on the basis of chromatographic examinations
‒ the results of magnetic examinations in the area of Site 11 in Zarszyn (place of discovery of the hoard)
‒ the study on the location of the places of discovery of the hoards in the vicinity of Sanok against the background of the settlement and cultural situation in the territory of the eastern part of the Polish Carpathians.
The results of all these analyses allow for demonstrating both similarities and differences between the studied assemblages. We are not able to unequivocally state in what circumstances the hoards that are discussed in this volume were deposited and who did it. It should be assumed that reasons for these actions may have varied. The fact that after 3,000 years archaeologists use the same term (that is, hoards) for all such finds does not mean that it was so in the Late Bronze Age and in the Early Iron Age.
For instance, three finds – Zarszyn (Hoard II), Wola Sękowa, and Sanok (Biała Góra) – can be more or less probably synchronised with the so-called Cimmerian Period or times immediately after it. This is a period of certain unrest in the Carpathian Basin – there were notable cultural changes related to the appearance of groups of lethally effective horse warriors in this territory. Are these three hoards a result of these events? And, more importantly, if they are – in what circumstances and for what reasons were they deposited? Did more metal appear in this zone and was it necessary to withdraw part of this social status medium from cultural circulation in order to preserve hitherto social structure? Or did this metal perhaps arrive with the human communities from the south? Was it intended to conceal valuable artefacts in the face of danger, or were supernatural forces asked for benevolence? On the other hand, the hoard of bronze cups from Zarszyn can be related to another aspect of phenomena which took place in the end of the Bronze Age and in the beginning of the Iron Age, that is, to a growing importance of libations in societies of that period. This can also be to some degree connected with the spread of “Cimmerian” more elitist cultural patterns.
The hoard from Międzybrodzie was supposedly translocated from areas situated about 400 km to the south. Was it deposited by a wanderer or wanderers from the Carpathian Basin, or perhaps did these artefacts arrive in the River San region in result of exchange which had more or less utilitarian significance (acquisition of useful artefacts)? Or was it a diplomatic gift? These questions are difficult to answer, too.
All the hoards that are discussed in this volume (perhaps save the assemblage from Wola Sękowa) were deposited in areas inhabited by local societies. They occupied similar places in the cultural landscape and these localities probably fulfilled special functions (Wroczeń Mountain in particular) for a very long time, perhaps even for different communities.
Many opinions have been expressed in literature concerning peculiarities of deposition of metal artefacts, and many ideas will no doubt be expressed in future. Such opinions were supported with various more or less convincing source evidence. We hope that this book which is offered to readers with its analytical results and with the attempt at their contextualisation will allow for a better understanding of the phenomenon of deposition of metal artefacts, for asking new questions and for suggesting new answers, the latter being perhaps more daring than ours. This volume will also enable readers to better learn about the nature of the Polish part of the Western Carpathians in the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. This territory is so peculiar that it requires more and more research and studies.
2021, Actes des Ve rencontres doctorales Internationales de l'EEPB, tenues à Bibracte les 11-12 m... more 2021, Actes des Ve rencontres doctorales Internationales de l'EEPB, tenues à Bibracte les 11-12 mars 2019
HAL Id:halshs-03485463
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03485463
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Papers by Katarzyna Skowron
inconnu et les sépultures n’ont pas pu être repérées jusqu’à nos jours. L’analyse des traces matérielles permet parfois de proposer quelques hypothèses à propos
des schémas généraux qui arrangeaient le rite funéraire dominant sur les vastes territoires de l’Europe au IIème âge du Fer. Il semble que la crémation chez les Celtes comprenne un partage des cendres, dont une partie subirait une démarche différente, peut être liée à l’eau. On peut supposer que la disparition des tombes « terrestres », visible à partir de la phase LT C2 serait un effet d’amplification de cette démarche – le défunt serait rendu aux flammes et ensuite ses cendres seraient déposées dans l’eau. Les découvertes de Modlniczka en Pologne suggèrent que dans la phase ancienne, liée avec le groupe de Tyniec, très proche à la culture de la Tène, un dépôt partiel des cendres était conservée pendant des
siècles dans un lieu accessible. Cette variation du rite funéraire peut être considérée comme un élément du culte des ancêtres ou des rites decommémoration, par ailleurs aussi attestés non seulement chez les porteurs de la culture de La Tène, mais aussi chez les peuples de la culture de Przeworsk.
Books by Katarzyna Skowron
In this volume we intended to make use of the research potential offered by five hoards of metal artefacts (Falejówka – Hoard II, Zarszyn – Hoard II, Wola Sękowa, Sanok (Biała Góra), Międzybrodzie). We subjected these hoards to such a series of analyses that would yield a possibly highest amount of research information. This was possible thanks to the effort of 14 authors representing different specialisations, to their knowledge and skills and to analytical instruments they employed. Some differences in conclusions may result from this, but it is a value of this volume rather than its weakness. What was also indispensable in this process was financial support from the Ministry of Culture, National Heritage and Sport, as well as effective organisation during the completion of the project which was provided by the Historical Museum in Sanok. We do not claim that we acquired all possible information. We obtained what we were able to gather in 2022, due to our knowledge, imagination, availability of methods and funds.
In this volume we gathered:
‒ information on circumstances and places of discovery of the deposits
‒ the results of typological, stylistic and chronological analyses of the artefacts from all the discussed deposits,
and results of C dating for the 14 samples from the assemblages discovered in Wola Sękowa and Sanok (Biała Góra),
‒ the results of macro- and microscopic analyses of traces of use for selected (50 samples) bronze artefacts,
‒ the archaeometallurgical study including analyses of the chemical composition of alloys, microscopic
observations and X-ray images of selected artefacts (80 samples),
‒ the results of palaeobotanic analyses of plant remains from the hoards of bronze artefacts in Sanok (Biała Góra) and Wola Sękowa,
‒ the results of the morphological analysis of leather samples taken from inside the bronze fittings which
were part of the hoard from Sanok (Biała Góra),
‒ the attempt at identifying the function of the ceramic vessel from Zarszyn on the basis of chromatographic examinations
‒ the results of magnetic examinations in the area of Site 11 in Zarszyn (place of discovery of the hoard)
‒ the study on the location of the places of discovery of the hoards in the vicinity of Sanok against the background of the settlement and cultural situation in the territory of the eastern part of the Polish Carpathians.
The results of all these analyses allow for demonstrating both similarities and differences between the studied assemblages. We are not able to unequivocally state in what circumstances the hoards that are discussed in this volume were deposited and who did it. It should be assumed that reasons for these actions may have varied. The fact that after 3,000 years archaeologists use the same term (that is, hoards) for all such finds does not mean that it was so in the Late Bronze Age and in the Early Iron Age.
For instance, three finds – Zarszyn (Hoard II), Wola Sękowa, and Sanok (Biała Góra) – can be more or less probably synchronised with the so-called Cimmerian Period or times immediately after it. This is a period of certain unrest in the Carpathian Basin – there were notable cultural changes related to the appearance of groups of lethally effective horse warriors in this territory. Are these three hoards a result of these events? And, more importantly, if they are – in what circumstances and for what reasons were they deposited? Did more metal appear in this zone and was it necessary to withdraw part of this social status medium from cultural circulation in order to preserve hitherto social structure? Or did this metal perhaps arrive with the human communities from the south? Was it intended to conceal valuable artefacts in the face of danger, or were supernatural forces asked for benevolence? On the other hand, the hoard of bronze cups from Zarszyn can be related to another aspect of phenomena which took place in the end of the Bronze Age and in the beginning of the Iron Age, that is, to a growing importance of libations in societies of that period. This can also be to some degree connected with the spread of “Cimmerian” more elitist cultural patterns.
The hoard from Międzybrodzie was supposedly translocated from areas situated about 400 km to the south. Was it deposited by a wanderer or wanderers from the Carpathian Basin, or perhaps did these artefacts arrive in the River San region in result of exchange which had more or less utilitarian significance (acquisition of useful artefacts)? Or was it a diplomatic gift? These questions are difficult to answer, too.
All the hoards that are discussed in this volume (perhaps save the assemblage from Wola Sękowa) were deposited in areas inhabited by local societies. They occupied similar places in the cultural landscape and these localities probably fulfilled special functions (Wroczeń Mountain in particular) for a very long time, perhaps even for different communities.
Many opinions have been expressed in literature concerning peculiarities of deposition of metal artefacts, and many ideas will no doubt be expressed in future. Such opinions were supported with various more or less convincing source evidence. We hope that this book which is offered to readers with its analytical results and with the attempt at their contextualisation will allow for a better understanding of the phenomenon of deposition of metal artefacts, for asking new questions and for suggesting new answers, the latter being perhaps more daring than ours. This volume will also enable readers to better learn about the nature of the Polish part of the Western Carpathians in the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. This territory is so peculiar that it requires more and more research and studies.
HAL Id:halshs-03485463
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03485463
inconnu et les sépultures n’ont pas pu être repérées jusqu’à nos jours. L’analyse des traces matérielles permet parfois de proposer quelques hypothèses à propos
des schémas généraux qui arrangeaient le rite funéraire dominant sur les vastes territoires de l’Europe au IIème âge du Fer. Il semble que la crémation chez les Celtes comprenne un partage des cendres, dont une partie subirait une démarche différente, peut être liée à l’eau. On peut supposer que la disparition des tombes « terrestres », visible à partir de la phase LT C2 serait un effet d’amplification de cette démarche – le défunt serait rendu aux flammes et ensuite ses cendres seraient déposées dans l’eau. Les découvertes de Modlniczka en Pologne suggèrent que dans la phase ancienne, liée avec le groupe de Tyniec, très proche à la culture de la Tène, un dépôt partiel des cendres était conservée pendant des
siècles dans un lieu accessible. Cette variation du rite funéraire peut être considérée comme un élément du culte des ancêtres ou des rites decommémoration, par ailleurs aussi attestés non seulement chez les porteurs de la culture de La Tène, mais aussi chez les peuples de la culture de Przeworsk.
In this volume we intended to make use of the research potential offered by five hoards of metal artefacts (Falejówka – Hoard II, Zarszyn – Hoard II, Wola Sękowa, Sanok (Biała Góra), Międzybrodzie). We subjected these hoards to such a series of analyses that would yield a possibly highest amount of research information. This was possible thanks to the effort of 14 authors representing different specialisations, to their knowledge and skills and to analytical instruments they employed. Some differences in conclusions may result from this, but it is a value of this volume rather than its weakness. What was also indispensable in this process was financial support from the Ministry of Culture, National Heritage and Sport, as well as effective organisation during the completion of the project which was provided by the Historical Museum in Sanok. We do not claim that we acquired all possible information. We obtained what we were able to gather in 2022, due to our knowledge, imagination, availability of methods and funds.
In this volume we gathered:
‒ information on circumstances and places of discovery of the deposits
‒ the results of typological, stylistic and chronological analyses of the artefacts from all the discussed deposits,
and results of C dating for the 14 samples from the assemblages discovered in Wola Sękowa and Sanok (Biała Góra),
‒ the results of macro- and microscopic analyses of traces of use for selected (50 samples) bronze artefacts,
‒ the archaeometallurgical study including analyses of the chemical composition of alloys, microscopic
observations and X-ray images of selected artefacts (80 samples),
‒ the results of palaeobotanic analyses of plant remains from the hoards of bronze artefacts in Sanok (Biała Góra) and Wola Sękowa,
‒ the results of the morphological analysis of leather samples taken from inside the bronze fittings which
were part of the hoard from Sanok (Biała Góra),
‒ the attempt at identifying the function of the ceramic vessel from Zarszyn on the basis of chromatographic examinations
‒ the results of magnetic examinations in the area of Site 11 in Zarszyn (place of discovery of the hoard)
‒ the study on the location of the places of discovery of the hoards in the vicinity of Sanok against the background of the settlement and cultural situation in the territory of the eastern part of the Polish Carpathians.
The results of all these analyses allow for demonstrating both similarities and differences between the studied assemblages. We are not able to unequivocally state in what circumstances the hoards that are discussed in this volume were deposited and who did it. It should be assumed that reasons for these actions may have varied. The fact that after 3,000 years archaeologists use the same term (that is, hoards) for all such finds does not mean that it was so in the Late Bronze Age and in the Early Iron Age.
For instance, three finds – Zarszyn (Hoard II), Wola Sękowa, and Sanok (Biała Góra) – can be more or less probably synchronised with the so-called Cimmerian Period or times immediately after it. This is a period of certain unrest in the Carpathian Basin – there were notable cultural changes related to the appearance of groups of lethally effective horse warriors in this territory. Are these three hoards a result of these events? And, more importantly, if they are – in what circumstances and for what reasons were they deposited? Did more metal appear in this zone and was it necessary to withdraw part of this social status medium from cultural circulation in order to preserve hitherto social structure? Or did this metal perhaps arrive with the human communities from the south? Was it intended to conceal valuable artefacts in the face of danger, or were supernatural forces asked for benevolence? On the other hand, the hoard of bronze cups from Zarszyn can be related to another aspect of phenomena which took place in the end of the Bronze Age and in the beginning of the Iron Age, that is, to a growing importance of libations in societies of that period. This can also be to some degree connected with the spread of “Cimmerian” more elitist cultural patterns.
The hoard from Międzybrodzie was supposedly translocated from areas situated about 400 km to the south. Was it deposited by a wanderer or wanderers from the Carpathian Basin, or perhaps did these artefacts arrive in the River San region in result of exchange which had more or less utilitarian significance (acquisition of useful artefacts)? Or was it a diplomatic gift? These questions are difficult to answer, too.
All the hoards that are discussed in this volume (perhaps save the assemblage from Wola Sękowa) were deposited in areas inhabited by local societies. They occupied similar places in the cultural landscape and these localities probably fulfilled special functions (Wroczeń Mountain in particular) for a very long time, perhaps even for different communities.
Many opinions have been expressed in literature concerning peculiarities of deposition of metal artefacts, and many ideas will no doubt be expressed in future. Such opinions were supported with various more or less convincing source evidence. We hope that this book which is offered to readers with its analytical results and with the attempt at their contextualisation will allow for a better understanding of the phenomenon of deposition of metal artefacts, for asking new questions and for suggesting new answers, the latter being perhaps more daring than ours. This volume will also enable readers to better learn about the nature of the Polish part of the Western Carpathians in the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. This territory is so peculiar that it requires more and more research and studies.
HAL Id:halshs-03485463
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03485463