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Marina Miron

King's College London, Department of Defence Studies - School of Social Science and Public Policy, Post-Doc

Escuela Superior de Guerra "General Rafael Reyes Prieto", Military Science, Researcher in Military Science

The University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy - School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Graduate Student

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Post-doctoral researcher, Defence Studies Department, King's College London

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Armando Salvatore

McGill University

Professor Sascha-Dominik Dov Bachmann

University of Canberra

University of Oregon

Martin van Bruinessen

Universiteit Utrecht

University of California, Davis

University of Cologne

Georgetown University

Armando Marques-Guedes

UNL - New University of Lisbon

Emrah Safa Gürkan (ESG)

Istanbul 29 Mayis University

Andrew N Liaropoulos

University of Piraeus

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Papers by Marina Miron

The Use of Cyber Tools by the Russian Military: Lessons from the War against Ukraine and a Warning for NATO?

Applied Cybersecurity & Internet Governance, Jul 8, 2024

Putin's wars: from Chechnya to Ukraine; Russia's road to war with Ukraine: invasion amidst the ashes of empires

International Affairs

The ‘strategy bridge’ as the forgotten dimension of effective COIN: the case of Peru and Sendero

Small wars & insurgencies, Dec 1, 2019

This article examines the strategies employedor not employedin the Peruvian counterinsurgency cam... more This article examines the strategies employedor not employedin the Peruvian counterinsurgency campaign against the Sendero Luminoso insurgent group. Using Carl von Clausewitz's and Colin Gray's strategic theories as a lens through which to analyze the conflict, the aim here is to show what role strategy played in the eventual defeat of this insurgency and what obstacles the Peruvian state and its armed forces faced in enacting good strategy. Specifically, the utilization of the 'strategy bridge' concept is investigated. For a large part of this conflict, the strategy bridge linking the civil authorities with the military and its activities was missing. Once there emerged a clear understanding of the importance of ends, ways and means working in harmony could an effective counterinsurgency campaign flourish.

Public Drone Perception

Social Science Research Network, 2022

Ejes problémicos en estudios estratégicos, seguridad y defensa

Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 2022

Los artículos publicados por la Revista Científica General José María Córdova son de acceso abier... more

Tendencias y nuevos factores en contextos de incertidumbre

Revista Científica General José María Córdova, Apr 1, 2021

Los artículos publicados por la Revista Científica General José María Córdova son de acceso abier... more

Estrategia, seguridad y defensa

Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 2023

derechos humanos; no obstante, hay diversas concepciones de estos términos, no libres de discordi... more derechos humanos; no obstante, hay diversas concepciones de estos términos, no libres de discordia y tensiones, en razón a las particularidades culturales y regionales de la ciudadanía. Por tal motivo, es fundamental desarrollar una visión hemisférica al respecto que permita consolidar una comprensión amplia y transdisciplinar para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en el contexto nacional e internacional contemporáneo. Para contribuir con este propósito, ofrecemos a nuestros lectores-además de la carta del señor Brigadier General Luis Fernando Salgado Romero, director de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes, que presenta este nuevo volumen, así como los principales logros de la Revista-trece nuevos artículos de investigación científica y tecnológica seleccionados para el número 41 de la Revista Científica General José María Córdova (Revista Colombiana de Estudios Militares y Estratégicos), donde se destaca el conocimiento transdisciplinar y hemisférico de autores de España, Colombia y Panamá. Así las cosas, la sección Educación y Doctrina presenta dos interesantes artículos. El primero explora el papel del Ejército Español en la asistencia a las fuerzas de seguridad a través de las lecciones aprendidas en Irak, mientras que el segundo analiza los reclamos ante la recurrencia de los atentados terroristas entre 2012-2018, enfocado en los conceptos de fuerza, competencia, ideología y racionalidad.

Russian ‘hybrid warfare’ and the annexation of Crimea: the modern application of Soviet political warfare

International Affairs, Jan 9, 2023

Russian cyber operations: coding the boundaries of conflict

International Affairs, Jul 4, 2022

Factores de inestabilidad y política pública

Revista Científica General José María Córdova, Jul 1, 2022

Publicado en línea: 1.º de julio de 2022 Los artículos publicados por la Revista Científica Gener... more

Ética militar y fundamentación profesional. Evolución, conceptos y principios

Esta obra hace una valiosa contribución a la comprensión de la ética militar, como un elemento ce... more Esta obra hace una valiosa contribución a la comprensión de la ética militar, como un elemento central de la carrera militar en Colombia, y destaca la necesidad de que fundamente en todo momento el cumplimiento de la misión constitucional que tienen las instituciones castrenses en el país. A través de tres volúmenes, se describen y analizan críticamente los fundamentos teóricos de la ética que orientan las reflexiones y el quehacer cotidiano de los miembros de las Fuerzas Militares, desde su proceso educativo en las escuelas de formación, hasta los distintos niveles y espacios operacionales en los que se desempeñan. Además, se analizan estudios de caso específicos de aplicación de la ética militar relacionados tanto con escenarios tradicionales, como con los nuevos contextos, caracterizados por los avances tecnológicos, las transformaciones de los actores delictivos, los cambios en las relaciones internacionales, las condiciones particulares de Colombia, entre otros aspectos. En est...

What went wrong for the Soviets in Afghanistan? (Working Paper)

Conflict Resolution through Force: The Case of Peru, 1980–1993

Iberoamericana: Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 2023

This article examines the theory of ripeness and the case of the Peruvian Government and the Send... more This article examines the theory of ripeness and the case of the Peruvian Government and the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) guerrilla group. Its findings show that the conflict was resolved through force, never reaching the point of Mutually Hurting Stalemate (MHS) in which negotiations are constricted due to the reduced possibilities of advancing the conflict. To this end, it looks at the Clausewitz Trinity in both the Peruvian State and Shining Path to show how reason, chance, uncertainty, and passion must work harmonically under a Grand Strategy-concept taken from Colin Gray-to accomplish the ends pursued by the parties. It concludes that although Shining Path was unable to adapt, causing its fall, the State was only able to overcome the threat of the guerrilla group once all of the elements were integrated, working as a cohesive organism. RESUMEN Este artículo examina la teoría de la madurez y el caso del Gobierno peruano y el grupo guerrillero Sendero Luminoso. Sus hallazgos muestran que el conflicto fue resuelto a través de la fuerza, sin llegar nunca al punto de Estancamiento por Daño Mutuo (EDM) en el que las negociaciones se encuentran constreñidas debido a las reducidas posibilidades de avanzar en el conflicto. Para esto, se recurre a la Trinidad de Clausewitz tanto en el Estado Peruano como en Sendero Luminoso para mostrar cómo la razón, el azar, la incertidumbre y la pasión deben trabajar armónicamente bajo una Gran Estrategia-concepto tomado de Colin Gray-para lograr los fines que buscan las partes. Se concluye que si bien Sendero Luminoso no supo adaptarse, provocando su caída, el Estado sólo pudo superar la amenaza de la guerrilla una vez que todos los elementos se integraron, funcionando como un organismo cohesionado.

Towards an effective gender integration in the armed forces: The case of the Colombian Army Military Academy

World Development

The importance of gender integration in the armed forces is well-established in the scholarly lit... more The importance of gender integration in the armed forces is well-established in the scholarly literature, as it plays a vital role in conflict prevention and resolution, offering an innovative understanding of security issues. However, the discussion has omitted critical issues involving women’s integration into militaries other than in developed countries, the military academies’ role in fostering respect for women’s rights, and the importance of ongoing gender-equality policy assessment. This article aims to broaden this discussion by focusing on the case of Colombia, a conflicted country whose military has extensive combat experience and where societal sexism, and prejudices remain prevalent. To this end, it examines the Army Military Academy (Escuela Militar de Cadetes General Jose Maria Cordova) and its gender-equality policy, Atenea. The statistical methods show that customary predictors of support for women used to study NATO and developed countries should be carefully used when exploring militaries in countries like Colombia, where individual biases associated with typecasts and traditionally male-dominated cultures usually restrict equal opportunities and support for women in the military profession. It finds the role of military academies significant in fostering cohesion and respect for women’s rights, concluding that the ongoing evaluation of gender-equality policies and strategies is paramount to promoting and guaranteeing an egalitarian environment.

Towards an effective gender integration in the armed forces: The case of the Colombian Army Military Academy

by Andres Eduardo Fernandez-Osorio, Marina Miron, and leidy cabrera

World Development, 2023

The importance of gender integration in the armed forces is well-established in the scholarly lit... more The importance of gender integration in the armed forces is well-established in the scholarly literature, as it plays a vital role in conflict prevention and resolution, offering an innovative understanding of security issues. However, the discussion has omitted critical issues involving women’s integration into militaries other than in developed countries, the military academies’ role in fostering respect for women’s rights, and the importance of ongoing gender-equality policy assessment. This article aims to broaden this discussion by focusing on the case of Colombia, a conflicted country whose military has extensive combat experience and where societal sexism, and prejudices remain prevalent. To this end, it examines the Army Military Academy (Escuela Militar de Cadetes General Jose Maria Cordova) and its gender-equality policy, Atenea. The statistical methods show that customary predictors of support for women used to study NATO and developed countries should be carefully used when exploring militaries in countries like Colombia, where individual biases associated with typecasts and traditionally male-dominated cultures usually restrict equal opportunities and support for women in the military profession. It finds the role of military academies significant in fostering cohesion and respect for women’s rights, concluding that the ongoing evaluation of gender-equality policies and strategies is paramount to promoting and guaranteeing an egalitarian environment.

Conflict Resolution through Force: The Case of Peru

by Marina Miron, Andres Eduardo Fernandez-Osorio, and Luisa Fernanda Villalba-García

IBEROAMERICANA, 2023

This article examines the theory of ripeness and the case of the Peruvian Government and the Send... more This article examines the theory of ripeness and the case of the Peruvian Government and the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) guerrilla group. Its findings show that the conflict was resolved through force, never reaching the point of Mutually Hurting Stalemate (MHS) in which negotiations are constricted due to the reduced possibilities of advancing the conflict. To this end, it looks at the Clausewitz Trinity in both the Peruvian State and Shining Path to show how reason, chance, uncertainty, and passion must work harmonically under a Grand Strategy-concept taken from Colin Gray-to accomplish the ends pursued by the parties. It concludes that although Shining Path was unable to adapt, causing its fall, the State was only able to overcome the threat of the guerrilla group once all of the elements were integrated, working as a cohesive organism.

Public Drone Perception

Technology in Society

The use and popularity of unmanned arial vehicles (drones) has split over from the military domai... more The use and popularity of unmanned arial vehicles (drones) has split over from the military domain into the civilian space in the past two decades. Its utility has been recognised not only by law enforcement agencies and the security industry at large, but also by private enterprises, leading the proliferation of drone integration in a variety of sectors. However, despite widespread recognition, concerns remain in the public domain over drone deployment. This study, funded by the TSB Technology Strategy Board (Funder Project Reference: 83074), aims to uncover the public&#39;s perception of drone use for emergency service response in a civilian context, whilst capturing how exposure to drone operations may influence and alter perception. To do this, two structured surveys were conducted pre-and post-exposure of drone flights, above a 500 m radius from a flight facility in Isleworth, UK (total population of 2363). The results of the study shed light on some statistically important indicators that influence drone perception both pre-and post-treatment; namely, technology acceptance and privacy perception. Those less concerned about privacy who already share personal information with public and private actors perceived drones positively for emergency response. Additionally, open-mindedness about new technology positively impacted public perception of drones. The post-treatment group had an additional three statistically significant predictors: age category, education level, and drone exposure. It was also found that security perception was not statistically significant. These new and novel findings in the field would require further testing to validate the predictors in other areas, in order to facilitate drone integration into civilian spaces.

Public Drone Perception

by Marina Miron and Andrew Hill

Technology in Society, 2023

The use and popularity of unmanned arial vehicles (drones) has split over from the military domai... more The use and popularity of unmanned arial vehicles (drones) has split over from the military domain into the civilian space in the past two decades. Its utility has been recognised not only by law enforcement agencies and the security industry at large, but also by private enterprises, leading the proliferation of drone integration in a variety of sectors. However, despite widespread recognition, concerns remain in the public domain over drone deployment. This study, funded by the TSB Technology Strategy Board (Funder Project Reference: 83074), aims to uncover the public's perception of drone use for emergency service response in a civilian context, whilst capturing how exposure to drone operations may influence and alter perception. To do this, two structured surveys were conducted pre-and post-exposure of drone flights, above a 500 m radius from a flight facility in Isleworth, UK (total population of 2363). The results of the study shed light on some statistically important indicators that influence drone perception both pre-and post-treatment; namely, technology acceptance and privacy perception. Those less concerned about privacy who already share personal information with public and private actors perceived drones positively for emergency response. Additionally, open-mindedness about new technology positively impacted public perception of drones. The post-treatment group had an additional three statistically significant predictors: age category, education level, and drone exposure. It was also found that security perception was not statistically significant. These new and novel findings in the field would require further testing to validate the predictors in other areas, in order to facilitate drone integration into civilian spaces.

Liberalism and free trade: A critical assessment

How radically did FM 3-24 alter the US military's counter-insurgency theory and practice in Iraq? (Working Paper)

The Use of Cyber Tools by the Russian Military: Lessons from the War against Ukraine and a Warning for NATO?

Applied Cybersecurity & Internet Governance, Jul 8, 2024

Putin's wars: from Chechnya to Ukraine; Russia's road to war with Ukraine: invasion amidst the ashes of empires

International Affairs

The ‘strategy bridge’ as the forgotten dimension of effective COIN: the case of Peru and Sendero

Small wars & insurgencies, Dec 1, 2019

This article examines the strategies employedor not employedin the Peruvian counterinsurgency cam... more This article examines the strategies employedor not employedin the Peruvian counterinsurgency campaign against the Sendero Luminoso insurgent group. Using Carl von Clausewitz's and Colin Gray's strategic theories as a lens through which to analyze the conflict, the aim here is to show what role strategy played in the eventual defeat of this insurgency and what obstacles the Peruvian state and its armed forces faced in enacting good strategy. Specifically, the utilization of the 'strategy bridge' concept is investigated. For a large part of this conflict, the strategy bridge linking the civil authorities with the military and its activities was missing. Once there emerged a clear understanding of the importance of ends, ways and means working in harmony could an effective counterinsurgency campaign flourish.

Public Drone Perception

Social Science Research Network, 2022

Ejes problémicos en estudios estratégicos, seguridad y defensa

Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 2022

Los artículos publicados por la Revista Científica General José María Córdova son de acceso abier... more

Tendencias y nuevos factores en contextos de incertidumbre

Revista Científica General José María Córdova, Apr 1, 2021

Los artículos publicados por la Revista Científica General José María Córdova son de acceso abier... more

Estrategia, seguridad y defensa

Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 2023

derechos humanos; no obstante, hay diversas concepciones de estos términos, no libres de discordi... more derechos humanos; no obstante, hay diversas concepciones de estos términos, no libres de discordia y tensiones, en razón a las particularidades culturales y regionales de la ciudadanía. Por tal motivo, es fundamental desarrollar una visión hemisférica al respecto que permita consolidar una comprensión amplia y transdisciplinar para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en el contexto nacional e internacional contemporáneo. Para contribuir con este propósito, ofrecemos a nuestros lectores-además de la carta del señor Brigadier General Luis Fernando Salgado Romero, director de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes, que presenta este nuevo volumen, así como los principales logros de la Revista-trece nuevos artículos de investigación científica y tecnológica seleccionados para el número 41 de la Revista Científica General José María Córdova (Revista Colombiana de Estudios Militares y Estratégicos), donde se destaca el conocimiento transdisciplinar y hemisférico de autores de España, Colombia y Panamá. Así las cosas, la sección Educación y Doctrina presenta dos interesantes artículos. El primero explora el papel del Ejército Español en la asistencia a las fuerzas de seguridad a través de las lecciones aprendidas en Irak, mientras que el segundo analiza los reclamos ante la recurrencia de los atentados terroristas entre 2012-2018, enfocado en los conceptos de fuerza, competencia, ideología y racionalidad.

Russian ‘hybrid warfare’ and the annexation of Crimea: the modern application of Soviet political warfare

International Affairs, Jan 9, 2023

Russian cyber operations: coding the boundaries of conflict

International Affairs, Jul 4, 2022

Factores de inestabilidad y política pública

Revista Científica General José María Córdova, Jul 1, 2022

Publicado en línea: 1.º de julio de 2022 Los artículos publicados por la Revista Científica Gener... more

Ética militar y fundamentación profesional. Evolución, conceptos y principios

Esta obra hace una valiosa contribución a la comprensión de la ética militar, como un elemento ce... more Esta obra hace una valiosa contribución a la comprensión de la ética militar, como un elemento central de la carrera militar en Colombia, y destaca la necesidad de que fundamente en todo momento el cumplimiento de la misión constitucional que tienen las instituciones castrenses en el país. A través de tres volúmenes, se describen y analizan críticamente los fundamentos teóricos de la ética que orientan las reflexiones y el quehacer cotidiano de los miembros de las Fuerzas Militares, desde su proceso educativo en las escuelas de formación, hasta los distintos niveles y espacios operacionales en los que se desempeñan. Además, se analizan estudios de caso específicos de aplicación de la ética militar relacionados tanto con escenarios tradicionales, como con los nuevos contextos, caracterizados por los avances tecnológicos, las transformaciones de los actores delictivos, los cambios en las relaciones internacionales, las condiciones particulares de Colombia, entre otros aspectos. En est...

What went wrong for the Soviets in Afghanistan? (Working Paper)

Conflict Resolution through Force: The Case of Peru, 1980–1993

Iberoamericana: Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 2023

This article examines the theory of ripeness and the case of the Peruvian Government and the Send... more This article examines the theory of ripeness and the case of the Peruvian Government and the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) guerrilla group. Its findings show that the conflict was resolved through force, never reaching the point of Mutually Hurting Stalemate (MHS) in which negotiations are constricted due to the reduced possibilities of advancing the conflict. To this end, it looks at the Clausewitz Trinity in both the Peruvian State and Shining Path to show how reason, chance, uncertainty, and passion must work harmonically under a Grand Strategy-concept taken from Colin Gray-to accomplish the ends pursued by the parties. It concludes that although Shining Path was unable to adapt, causing its fall, the State was only able to overcome the threat of the guerrilla group once all of the elements were integrated, working as a cohesive organism. RESUMEN Este artículo examina la teoría de la madurez y el caso del Gobierno peruano y el grupo guerrillero Sendero Luminoso. Sus hallazgos muestran que el conflicto fue resuelto a través de la fuerza, sin llegar nunca al punto de Estancamiento por Daño Mutuo (EDM) en el que las negociaciones se encuentran constreñidas debido a las reducidas posibilidades de avanzar en el conflicto. Para esto, se recurre a la Trinidad de Clausewitz tanto en el Estado Peruano como en Sendero Luminoso para mostrar cómo la razón, el azar, la incertidumbre y la pasión deben trabajar armónicamente bajo una Gran Estrategia-concepto tomado de Colin Gray-para lograr los fines que buscan las partes. Se concluye que si bien Sendero Luminoso no supo adaptarse, provocando su caída, el Estado sólo pudo superar la amenaza de la guerrilla una vez que todos los elementos se integraron, funcionando como un organismo cohesionado.

Towards an effective gender integration in the armed forces: The case of the Colombian Army Military Academy

World Development

The importance of gender integration in the armed forces is well-established in the scholarly lit... more The importance of gender integration in the armed forces is well-established in the scholarly literature, as it plays a vital role in conflict prevention and resolution, offering an innovative understanding of security issues. However, the discussion has omitted critical issues involving women’s integration into militaries other than in developed countries, the military academies’ role in fostering respect for women’s rights, and the importance of ongoing gender-equality policy assessment. This article aims to broaden this discussion by focusing on the case of Colombia, a conflicted country whose military has extensive combat experience and where societal sexism, and prejudices remain prevalent. To this end, it examines the Army Military Academy (Escuela Militar de Cadetes General Jose Maria Cordova) and its gender-equality policy, Atenea. The statistical methods show that customary predictors of support for women used to study NATO and developed countries should be carefully used when exploring militaries in countries like Colombia, where individual biases associated with typecasts and traditionally male-dominated cultures usually restrict equal opportunities and support for women in the military profession. It finds the role of military academies significant in fostering cohesion and respect for women’s rights, concluding that the ongoing evaluation of gender-equality policies and strategies is paramount to promoting and guaranteeing an egalitarian environment.

Towards an effective gender integration in the armed forces: The case of the Colombian Army Military Academy

by Andres Eduardo Fernandez-Osorio, Marina Miron, and leidy cabrera

World Development, 2023

The importance of gender integration in the armed forces is well-established in the scholarly lit... more The importance of gender integration in the armed forces is well-established in the scholarly literature, as it plays a vital role in conflict prevention and resolution, offering an innovative understanding of security issues. However, the discussion has omitted critical issues involving women’s integration into militaries other than in developed countries, the military academies’ role in fostering respect for women’s rights, and the importance of ongoing gender-equality policy assessment. This article aims to broaden this discussion by focusing on the case of Colombia, a conflicted country whose military has extensive combat experience and where societal sexism, and prejudices remain prevalent. To this end, it examines the Army Military Academy (Escuela Militar de Cadetes General Jose Maria Cordova) and its gender-equality policy, Atenea. The statistical methods show that customary predictors of support for women used to study NATO and developed countries should be carefully used when exploring militaries in countries like Colombia, where individual biases associated with typecasts and traditionally male-dominated cultures usually restrict equal opportunities and support for women in the military profession. It finds the role of military academies significant in fostering cohesion and respect for women’s rights, concluding that the ongoing evaluation of gender-equality policies and strategies is paramount to promoting and guaranteeing an egalitarian environment.

Conflict Resolution through Force: The Case of Peru

by Marina Miron, Andres Eduardo Fernandez-Osorio, and Luisa Fernanda Villalba-García

IBEROAMERICANA, 2023

This article examines the theory of ripeness and the case of the Peruvian Government and the Send... more This article examines the theory of ripeness and the case of the Peruvian Government and the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) guerrilla group. Its findings show that the conflict was resolved through force, never reaching the point of Mutually Hurting Stalemate (MHS) in which negotiations are constricted due to the reduced possibilities of advancing the conflict. To this end, it looks at the Clausewitz Trinity in both the Peruvian State and Shining Path to show how reason, chance, uncertainty, and passion must work harmonically under a Grand Strategy-concept taken from Colin Gray-to accomplish the ends pursued by the parties. It concludes that although Shining Path was unable to adapt, causing its fall, the State was only able to overcome the threat of the guerrilla group once all of the elements were integrated, working as a cohesive organism.

Public Drone Perception

Technology in Society

The use and popularity of unmanned arial vehicles (drones) has split over from the military domai... more The use and popularity of unmanned arial vehicles (drones) has split over from the military domain into the civilian space in the past two decades. Its utility has been recognised not only by law enforcement agencies and the security industry at large, but also by private enterprises, leading the proliferation of drone integration in a variety of sectors. However, despite widespread recognition, concerns remain in the public domain over drone deployment. This study, funded by the TSB Technology Strategy Board (Funder Project Reference: 83074), aims to uncover the public&#39;s perception of drone use for emergency service response in a civilian context, whilst capturing how exposure to drone operations may influence and alter perception. To do this, two structured surveys were conducted pre-and post-exposure of drone flights, above a 500 m radius from a flight facility in Isleworth, UK (total population of 2363). The results of the study shed light on some statistically important indicators that influence drone perception both pre-and post-treatment; namely, technology acceptance and privacy perception. Those less concerned about privacy who already share personal information with public and private actors perceived drones positively for emergency response. Additionally, open-mindedness about new technology positively impacted public perception of drones. The post-treatment group had an additional three statistically significant predictors: age category, education level, and drone exposure. It was also found that security perception was not statistically significant. These new and novel findings in the field would require further testing to validate the predictors in other areas, in order to facilitate drone integration into civilian spaces.

Public Drone Perception

by Marina Miron and Andrew Hill

Technology in Society, 2023

The use and popularity of unmanned arial vehicles (drones) has split over from the military domai... more The use and popularity of unmanned arial vehicles (drones) has split over from the military domain into the civilian space in the past two decades. Its utility has been recognised not only by law enforcement agencies and the security industry at large, but also by private enterprises, leading the proliferation of drone integration in a variety of sectors. However, despite widespread recognition, concerns remain in the public domain over drone deployment. This study, funded by the TSB Technology Strategy Board (Funder Project Reference: 83074), aims to uncover the public's perception of drone use for emergency service response in a civilian context, whilst capturing how exposure to drone operations may influence and alter perception. To do this, two structured surveys were conducted pre-and post-exposure of drone flights, above a 500 m radius from a flight facility in Isleworth, UK (total population of 2363). The results of the study shed light on some statistically important indicators that influence drone perception both pre-and post-treatment; namely, technology acceptance and privacy perception. Those less concerned about privacy who already share personal information with public and private actors perceived drones positively for emergency response. Additionally, open-mindedness about new technology positively impacted public perception of drones. The post-treatment group had an additional three statistically significant predictors: age category, education level, and drone exposure. It was also found that security perception was not statistically significant. These new and novel findings in the field would require further testing to validate the predictors in other areas, in order to facilitate drone integration into civilian spaces.

Liberalism and free trade: A critical assessment

How radically did FM 3-24 alter the US military's counter-insurgency theory and practice in Iraq? (Working Paper)

Counterinsurgency Operations in the 21st Century: Insights from the U.S. Army Experiences in Iraq

by Sello Editorial Escuela Militar de Cadetes, Revista Científica General José María Córdova (Revista Colombiana de Estudios Militares y Estratégicos), and Marina Miron

Sello Editorial ESMIC, 2019

Too often states have faced internal threats from violent non-state actors seeking to overthrow t... more Too often states have faced internal threats from violent non-state actors seeking to overthrow the government and replace it with their own. Too often have states’ efforts fallen short in overcoming such an internal menace. This begs the question: is successful counterinsurgency possible? This question took the centre stage in light of the United States’ involvement in Afghanistan (2001) and Iraq (2003). Quickly it became evident that superior military strength did not translate into military success. The American way of war could not mitigate the escalating situation on the ground. The descent into chaos in Iraq has perpetuated the need for a new approach to counter the insurgents. This approach came to be known as “population-centric” counterinsurgency. By 2006, it appeared in the form of the US Army/Marine Corps joint publication entitled Field Manual 3-24 Counterinsurgency. The new manual offered an arguably new way of addressing insurgencies, shifting the focus from the enemy to the key population. For the US Army and Marine Corps, this ‘new’ thinking presented a radical departure from previous practices. However, was the initial success in Iraq, indeed, indebted to the implementation of the manual? And how ‘new’ was this new approach the manual laid out? In this book, the author closely examines the situation in Iraq and assesses in how far the new manual could be said to have contributed to the reduction of violence in Iraq in 2007. In addition, the core elements are examined in detail and contrasted with previous manuals in order to highlight that the ‘new’ thinking might not have been that new after all.

Counterinsurgency Theory and Practice: From Early Renaissance to Present Day

by Sello Editorial Escuela Militar de Cadetes and Marina Miron

Sello Editorial ESMIC, 2019

Recent experiences in Afghanistan and Iraq served as an impetus to create a new doctrinal approac... more Recent experiences in Afghanistan and Iraq served as an impetus to create a new doctrinal approach suited to conduct expeditionary counterinsurgency operations in accordance with the exigencies of the contemporary operational environment. These arguably new tenets for operational design—enshrined in the U.S. Army/Marine Corps Field Manual 3-24 Counterinsurgency—are, as demonstrated, carbon copies of the intellectual products of earlier thinkers and practitioners. This book, therefore, seeks to illuminate the canon of thought and practice on counterinsurgency that stretches back to the 18th century, critically assessing writings from different parts of the world, including Spain, France, Great Britain, present-day Germany, the United States and China, to name but a few. The purpose of this intellectual exercise is two-fold. The first aim is to show that counterinsurgency thinking and practice are cyclical. Theorists and practitioners such as those of the 20th century and onwards have only repeated what their predecessors had already discovered. The second is to provide a rational understanding of how and why different practices came about and in what context. Finally, the review throws a critical glance at the contemporary publications, arguing that much of the effort dedicated to devising the ultimate guide to counterinsurgency remains trapped on the operational level, sidelining not only other hierarchically superior levels such as that of policy and strategy but also some critical works such as those written by Carl von Clausewitz and Charles E. Callwell which could both expand and enrich the current understanding of what is perceived as an insurgency.

Editorial: Perspectiva histórica y doctrinas estratégicas en inteligencia

by Revista Científica General José María Córdova (Revista Colombiana de Estudios Militares y Estratégicos) and Marina Miron

Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 2021

Reporte anual de visibilidad e impacto 2021

by Revista Científica General José María Córdova (Revista Colombiana de Estudios Militares y Estratégicos) and Marina Miron

Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 2021

Este reporte compila los aportes académicos de la RCGJMC a la investigación y el debate sobre el ... more

Editorial: Riesgos y oportunidades emergentes en la región de Latinoamérica y el Caribe

by Revista Científica General José María Córdova (Revista Colombiana de Estudios Militares y Estratégicos) and Marina Miron

Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 2021

Editorial: Avances transdisciplinares en las ciencias militares

by Revista Científica General José María Córdova (Revista Colombiana de Estudios Militares y Estratégicos) and Marina Miron

Revista Científica General Jose María Córdova, 2020

Editorial: Dilemas de los escenarios cambiantes en seguridad y defensa

by Revista Científica General José María Córdova (Revista Colombiana de Estudios Militares y Estratégicos) and Marina Miron

Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 2020

Primera década de publicación en línea de la Revista Científica General José María Córdova

by Revista Científica General José María Córdova (Revista Colombiana de Estudios Militares y Estratégicos), Andres Eduardo Fernandez-Osorio, and Marina Miron

Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 2020

Este reporte compila los aportes académicos de la Revista Científica General José María Córdova (... more Este reporte compila los aportes académicos de la Revista Científica General José María Córdova (Revista colombiana de estudios militares y estratégicos), durante la última década, a la investigación y el debate sobre el uso legítimo del poder y su adecuado ejercicio en relación con los intereses nacionales, para el beneficio de la formulación de políticas y la gestión pública.

La guerra irregular y cómo contrarrestarla: una perspectiva comparativa entre los enfoques centrados en el enemigo y en la población

by Revista Científica General José María Córdova (Revista Colombiana de Estudios Militares y Estratégicos) and Marina Miron

Revista Cientifica General Jose Maria Cordova, 2019

Este artículo toma el debate actual entre los enfoques centrados en el enemigo y los centrados en... more Este artículo toma el debate actual entre los enfoques centrados en el enemigo y los centrados en la población como un punto de partida para hacer su contribución, cambiando el enfoque del ámbito operacional y táctico al estratégico. Con este fin, rastrea los significados de cada enfoque desde sus orígenes históricos, discutiendo los fundamentos teóricos para destilar los principios básicos y evaluar hasta qué punto cada uno es adecuado para contrarrestar una insurgencia. El argumento central de este artículo es que, si bien ambos enfoques tienen “filosofías” diferentes, son dos caras de la misma moneda. Por lo tanto, lo que se debe tener en cuenta es la dimensión estratégica y, lógicamente, la política, al referirse a la contrainsurgencia ya que los dos serán determinantes en el enfoque que se emplee.

On irregular wars, insurgencies and how to counter them: Enemy and population-centric approaches in comparative perspective

by Revista Científica General José María Córdova (Revista Colombiana de Estudios Militares y Estratégicos) and Marina Miron

Revista Científica General José María Córdova, 2019

This article takes the current debate between the enemy-centric and the population-centric approa... more This article takes the current debate between the enemy-centric and the population-centric approaches as a point of departure to make its contribution by shifting the focus from the operational and tactical to the strategic realm. To this end, it traces the meanings of each approach to its historical origins, discussing the theoretical underpinnings as to distill the basic tenets and to evaluate to what extent each is suitable to counter an insurgency. The central argument of this article is that while both approaches have different ‘philosophies,’ they are two sides of the same coin. Thus, what needs to be taken into account is the strategic dimension and, logically enough, the political, when referring to counterinsurgency as the two will be determinant in which approach is employed.

Globalisation, neo-realism and neo-liberalism (Working Paper ESAVE No.7)

by Escuela de Aviación del Ejército (ESAVE) and Marina Miron

Working Papers ESAVE, 2020

This working paper deals with the concept of globalization and what it encompasses. To understand... more This working paper deals with the concept of globalization and what it encompasses. To understand the full complexity of the often-nebulous phenomenon, the authors apply the most prominent theories in international relations in order to demonstrate that each of them describes only a limited number of aspects of globalization. The authors, thus, conclude that a more multidimensional of understanding of the phenomenon is necessary to ensure that all complexities are taken into account.

Liberalism and free trade: A critical assessment (Working Paper ESAVE No.8)

by Escuela de Aviación del Ejército (ESAVE) and Marina Miron

Working Papers ESAVE, 2020

This working paper examine the neo-liberal theory of free trade. First, they discuss core concept... more This working paper examine the neo-liberal theory of free trade. First, they discuss core concepts of the theory. Further, they look at several historical examples, including those concerning third world countries and critically assess in how far free trade is beneficial and for whom. Finally, the authors conclude that there is a significant discrepancy between what the theory dictates and what happens in practice, calling into question the benefits of the practical application of the free trade theory, especially, in more economically disadvantage countries.

A brief introduction to military ethics: ESACE - Survey

by Escuela de Armas Combinadas del Ejército (ESACE), Andres Eduardo Fernandez-Osorio, and Marina Miron

ESACE - Working Paper 5, 2019

A brief introduction to military ethics: ESACE - End of course report

by Escuela de Armas Combinadas del Ejército (ESACE), Andres Eduardo Fernandez-Osorio, and Marina Miron

ESACE - Working Paper 6, 2019

Do democracies fight each other?

by Escuela de Armas Combinadas del Ejército (ESACE), Andres Eduardo Fernandez-Osorio, and Marina Miron

ESACE - Working Paper 3, 2019

Clausewitz's Continued Relevance to Strategic Studies: The Cases of Afghanistan and Iraq

by Escuela de Armas Combinadas del Ejército (ESACE) and Marina Miron

ESACE - Working Paper 2, 2019

The Question of Statehood: Kosovo and Palestine in Comparative Perspective

by Escuela de Armas Combinadas del Ejército (ESACE) and Marina Miron

ESACE - Working Paper 1, 2019