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Mack Shelley

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Mustafa SOZBILIR

ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Gwynne Ellen Ash

Texas State University

University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa

Saleh M . Saleh

Arish University

Gulcin Tan Sisman

Hacettepe University

Deakin University

Stamatis Papadakis

University of Crete

kunnathodi abdul gafoor

University Of calicut

Stavroula Kaldi

UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY, GREECE

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Papers by Mack Shelley

Gaps in Safe Food Handling Practices of Older Adults

Journal of extension, Feb 1, 2019

We identified gaps in safe food handling practices that may be placing older adults at increased ... more We identified gaps in safe food handling practices that may be placing older adults at increased risk of food-borne illness. A convenience sample of 1,019 older adults completed the Food Safety Behavior Questionnaire. Majority groups among participants were those who were female, those who were White, and those who were widowed. Participants had lower adherences to safe practices related to temperature control, attention to sell-by/use-by dates on food packages, and cross-contamination. Adherences were significantly (p < .05) influenced by gender, race/ethnicity, age, marital status, and education. Our findings suggest the need for older adult-focused safe food handling education related to temperature control, product selection practices, and cross-contamination.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities and Prevalence in Prescription Drug Misuse, Illicit Drug Use, and Combination of Both Behaviors in the United States

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, May 19, 2023

This study examines racial and ethnic disparities and prevalence in prescription drug misuse, ill... more This study examines racial and ethnic disparities and prevalence in prescription drug misuse, illicit drug use, and the combination of both behaviors in the United States. Using five waves of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH, 2015-2019; n = 276,884), a multinomial logistic regression model estimated the outcomes of prescription drug misuse, illicit drug use, and the combination of both behaviors. Participants' age was considered as an interaction effect. Approximately 5.4%, 2.9%, and 2.5% misused prescription drug, used illicit drug, or had both behaviors, respectively. Compared with White participants, Black (AOR = 0.69, 99.9 CI: 0.61, 0.79) and Asian (AOR = 0.60, 99.9% CI: 0.42, 0.87) participants had significantly lower odds of reporting prescription drug misuse. Individuals who were classified as others had higher odds of reporting illicit drug use (AOR = 1.31; 99.9% CI: 1.05, 1.64), compared with White participants. Black (AOR = 0.40, 99.9% CI: 0.29, 0.56) and Hispanic (AOR = 0.71, 99.9% CI: 0.55, 0.91) participants were significantly less likely to have both prescription drug misuse and illicit drug use behaviors. Interaction analysis showed that Black participants between 18 and 49 years old were less likely to participate in prescription drug misuse. However, Black participants who were 50 years of age or above were more likely to engage in illicit drug use and the combination of both prescription drug misuse and illicit drug use (all p < 0.001). Hispanic adult participants between 18 and 49 years old were more likely to engage in illicit drug use. Successful intervention and cessation programs may consider the cultural and age disparities among different racial and ethnic groups.

Retirement, Pensions and Depression Among Older Adults in China, England, Mexico, and the U.S

Innovation in Aging, Nov 1, 2018

There is evidence that financial hardship is associated with mental health. Our aim was to assess... more There is evidence that financial hardship is associated with mental health. Our aim was to assess the effects of income adequacy on depressive symptomatology before and after the Great Recession for three cohorts of communitydwelling older adults. Additionally, we assessed the impact of three measures of locus of control (LOC) on these relationships. Data from the HRS was utilized for the years 2006 and 2010 with a sample size of 3044 and an age range of 51-102 years. We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scores and an assessment of perceived income adequacy, which was a self-report measure asking respondents to assess how difficult it is to meet you monthly payments on household bills. Our results indicate that in 2006 for each cohort income adequacy was negatively and significantly (p < .001) associated with depression. In 2010, however, the results were not significant for the oldest old. Additionally, when LOC measures were incorporated into the analysis, the general measure of locus of control, and not the domain-specific measures, had a significant impact on depressive symptomatology. This study provides evidence that the Great Recession affected depressive symptomatology of mid-aged adults and the findings signify the influence of LOC; interventions that positively affect general LOC may negatively affect depressive symptomatology among community-dwelling mid-aged and older adults. These results encourage the development of LOC interventions so as to improve the mental health of a large aging population affected by the prospects of income inadequacy in mid-age and old age.

Differences in Direct Care Professional Burnout and Personalized Care in Long-Term Care Settings

Innovation in Aging, Nov 1, 2018

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Graduated Stress Exposure in Virtual Spaceflight Hazard Training

Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, May 29, 2018

Purpose: Psychological and physiological stress experienced by astronauts can pose risks to missi... more Purpose: Psychological and physiological stress experienced by astronauts can pose risks to mission success. In clinical settings, gradually increasing stressors help patients develop resilience. It is unclear whether graduated stress exposure can affect responses to acute stressors during spaceflight. This study evaluated psychophysiological responses to potentially catastrophic spaceflight operation, with and without graduated stress exposure, using a virtual reality environment. Methods: Twenty healthy participants were tasked with locating a fire on a virtual International Space Station (VR-ISS). After orientation, the Treatment group (n=10) practiced searching for a fire while exposed to a low-level stressor (light-smoke), while the Control group (n=10) practiced without smoke. In the testing session, both groups responded to a fire while the VR-ISS unexpectedly filled with heavy smoke. Heart rate variability and blood pressure were measured continuously. Subjective workload was evaluated with the NASA Task Load Index, stress with the Short Stress State Questionnaire, and stress exposure with time-to-complete. Results and Conclusions: During the heavy smoke condition, the Control group showed parasympathetic withdrawal, indicating a mild stress response. The Treatment group retained parasympathetic control. Thus, graduated stress exposure may enhance allostasis and relaxation behavior when confronted with a subsequent stressful condition.

Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology

Journal of the American Statistical Association, Mar 1, 1984

Investigation of Cornell Critical Thinking Results as Aected by Science Writing Heuristic

Examining the Impact of Using the Science Writing Heuristic Approach in Learning Science: A Cluster Randomized Study

Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2013

Limit 4 pages single-spaced. Background / Context: Description of prior research and its intellec... more Limit 4 pages single-spaced. Background / Context: Description of prior research and its intellectual context. The U.S. began a new national standards movement in the area of K-12 science education curriculum reform in the 1980s known as "Science for All" to develop a population that is literate in economic and democratic agendas for a global market focused on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) (Duschl, 2008). The National Research Council (NRC) report, Rising above the Gathering Storm (RAGS, NRC, 2007), describes four areas of needed proficiency for science students: generate and evaluate scientific evidence and explanations; know, use, and interpret scientific explanations of the natural world; understand the nature and development of scientific knowledge; and participate productively in scientific practices and discourse. To this end, pedagogical skills in science education have moved from teaching students how to memorize what they need to know from science textbooks to developing an understanding of the knowledge-building process by learning how to develop explanations and predictions about our world (Erduran, Simon, & Osborne, 2004).

Title: Structural Equation Modeling of Knowledge Content Improvement using Inquiry Based Instruction Authors and Affiliations

Limit 4 pages single-spaced. Background / Context: Description of prior research and its intellec... more Limit 4 pages single-spaced. Background / Context: Description of prior research and its intellectual context. The U.S. began a new national standards movement in the area of K-12 science education curriculum reform in the 1980s known as "Science for All" to develop a population that is literate in economic and democratic agendas for a global market focused on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) (Duschl, 2008). The National Research Council (NRC) report, Taking Science to School: Learning and Teaching Science in Grades K-8 (TSTS; NRC, 2007b) described shortages in attracting students to science learning and careers, and of science teachers (particularly women and minorities). More recently, researchers have focused on science reform that incorporates a cultural imperative in the teaching of science (Driver, Leach, Millar, & Scott, 1996; Millar, 2006; Osborne, Duschl, & Fairbrother, 2002). The sister NRC report, Rising above the Gathering Storm (RAGS, NRC, 2007a), describes four areas of needed proficiency for science students of how to: generate and evaluate scientific evidence and explanations; know, use, and interpret scientific explanations of the natural world; understand the nature and development of scientific knowledge; and participate productively in scientific practices and discourse. To this end, pedagogical skills in science education have moved from teaching students how to memorize what they need to know from science textbooks to developing an understanding of the knowledge-building process by learning how to develop explanations and predictions about our world. A key element in science education is establishing and maintaining linkages between teachers and researchers that can eventuate in enhanced student outcomes. Determining when and where a new educational program or intervention results in an enhanced outcome can be sensitive to many different forces that the researcher must carefully manage. The two NRC reports encourage changes in pedagogy and approaches better suited to the evolving technological world. As members of society are expected to process information that is updated constantly and rapidly, it is critical to understand how ideas are developed and processed. Research in abstract reasoning teaches us that infants learn causal inference and differentiation of animate and inanimate objects, demonstrating that the learning ability of even the youngest children permits them to engage in complex decision making (Gelman & Brenneman, 2004; Mertz, 2004; Spelke, 2000). To do this, students require abstract deductive and inductive reasoning skills, including the ability to view with an open mind and a willingness to be aware of the world (Critical Thinking Co., 2011).

Racial Differences in Employment and Poverty Histories and Health in Older Age

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Educational Practices during the COVID-19 Viral Outbreak: International Perspectives

This chapter provides a review of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the teaching and learnin... more This chapter provides a review of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the teaching and learning at higher education institutions, the challenges faced by educators, and approaches to dealing with the impact on the educational process of higher education. ➢ The chapter deals with the transition from face-to-face classes to remote learning, with a focus on engineering education. ➢ The transition involves the methodology for the creation of effective classroom lessons that align specified learning outcomes with learning experiences and measures of student achievement for the physical classroom that can be adopted for remote learning. ➢ The different modes of learning that are considered include total face-to-face, total remote, and hybrid. ➢ Synchronous and asynchronous modes of learning and appropriate technological platforms are considered. ➢ Approaches for providing students with hands-on experiences in the engineering laboratory are addressed.

Testing the Missing Mechanism of Demographic and Health Variables in the Health and Retirement Study

Innovation in Aging, 2020

Studies using data from longitudinal health survey of older adults usually assumed the data were ... more Studies using data from longitudinal health survey of older adults usually assumed the data were missing completely at random (MCAR) or missing at random (MAR). Thus subsequent analyses used multiple imputation or likelihood-based method to handle missing data. However, little existing research actually examines whether the data met the MCAR/MAR assumptions before performing data analyses. This study first summarized the commonly used statistical methods to test missing mechanism and discussed their application conditions. Then using two-wave longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; wave 2014-2015 and wave 2016-2017; N=18,747), this study applied different approaches to test the missing mechanism of several demographic and health variables. These approaches included Little’s test, logistic regression method, nonparametric tests, false discovery rate, and others. Results indicated the data did not meet the MCAR assumption even though they had a very low rate of mi...

Retail Foodservice Employees' Perceptions of Barriers and Motivational Factors That Influence Performance of Safe Food Behaviors

Food protection trends, 2014

T his study identified the barriers and motivational factors that influence nonsupervisory foodse... more T his study identified the barriers and motivational factors that influence nonsupervisory foodservice employees’ decisions to perform safe food handling behaviors. Responses to a bilingual questionnaire were received from 1,103 employees working in four types of retail foodservice. Respondents rated 8 of 16 listed barriers as important obstacles in keeping them from handling food safely, including “the work pace” (mean = 4.28 on a 5-point scale, where 1 = Not Important and 5 = Very Important) and “lack of good habits” (mean = 4.19). Using the same scale, respondents assessed importance of 27 listed items that encourage them to follow safe practices. Of the 27 items, 23 were rated at a mean of 4.0 or higher. The item rated highest was “Keeping customers safe from food-related diseases,” (mean of 4.91), and the item rated lowest (mean of 3.39) was “An unsupportive work group.” Results show employees know what behaviors are considered proper to ensure the safety of food; however, real...

Social capital, housing planning, and rural community vitality

Encore Café: An Innovative and Effective Congregate Nutrition Program

Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2021

Abstract Effective community food and nutrition programs are imperative for supporting older adul... more Abstract Effective community food and nutrition programs are imperative for supporting older adults health and well-being. This three-part study examined to what extent the innovative congregate nutrition program (CNP), Encore Café, and targeted marketing campaign influenced CNP utilization, CNP program satisfaction, and overall CNP impact (e.g., nutritional risk, dietary practices, and loneliness). The Encore Café resulted in increases of 386% in meal distribution and 3,164% in CNP participants during a two-year period compared to a 20.8% reduction at traditional meal sites across the state. Total CNP satisfaction (food and dining) was high for both the Encore Café and Traditional CNP. Encore Café participants maintained their nutritional status and experienced significant reductions in emotional loneliness (p = 0.017) and dietary intake frequencies of processed meat (p = 0.027) compared to non-CNP participants. Utilizing a client-centered approach in marketing and programming for the Encore Café shows promising results for improving the utilization and effectiveness of the CNP.

Creative Teaching in Mathematics Class Scale

PsycTESTS Dataset, 2019

Big Five Model of Personality Scale--Turkish and Spanish Versions

PsycTESTS Dataset, 2018

Factors Influencing Dietary Intake Frequencies and Nutritional Risk among Community-Residing Older Adults

Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2018

Older adult (OA) dietary practices may be placing them at nutritional risk. This cross-sectional ... more Older adult (OA) dietary practices may be placing them at nutritional risk. This cross-sectional study examined the dietary intake frequencies (DIF) and nutritional risk (NR) using the Dietary Screening Tool (DST) of OA attending communitybased nutrition education and physical activity programs. Most were white females aged 60-80 years. The majority (80.1%) were classified as "at NR" or "at possible NR." Participants had "low" lean protein, dairy, and processed meat DIF and "moderate" whole fruit and juice, total and whole grains, vegetables and added fats, sugars, and sweets DIF. State influenced whole fruit and juice (p .001) and vegetable (p ¼ .021) DIF, age influenced processed meat DIF (p ¼ .001), and gender influenced NR (p ¼ .006), vegetable (p ¼ .022), and processed meat (p ¼ .033) DIF. Results indicate that OA participating in lifestyle interventions are at NR. When developing future nutrition education programs, educators should consider sociodemographic factors to promote dairy and proteinrich foods to OA at NR.

Factors Influencing the Nutritional Risk and Food Intakes of Community-Residing Older Adults

Innovation in Aging, 2017

Structural Equation Modeling

Encyclopedia of Educational Leadership and Administration

Gaps in Safe Food Handling Practices of Older Adults

Journal of extension, Feb 1, 2019

We identified gaps in safe food handling practices that may be placing older adults at increased ... more We identified gaps in safe food handling practices that may be placing older adults at increased risk of food-borne illness. A convenience sample of 1,019 older adults completed the Food Safety Behavior Questionnaire. Majority groups among participants were those who were female, those who were White, and those who were widowed. Participants had lower adherences to safe practices related to temperature control, attention to sell-by/use-by dates on food packages, and cross-contamination. Adherences were significantly (p < .05) influenced by gender, race/ethnicity, age, marital status, and education. Our findings suggest the need for older adult-focused safe food handling education related to temperature control, product selection practices, and cross-contamination.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities and Prevalence in Prescription Drug Misuse, Illicit Drug Use, and Combination of Both Behaviors in the United States

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, May 19, 2023

This study examines racial and ethnic disparities and prevalence in prescription drug misuse, ill... more This study examines racial and ethnic disparities and prevalence in prescription drug misuse, illicit drug use, and the combination of both behaviors in the United States. Using five waves of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH, 2015-2019; n = 276,884), a multinomial logistic regression model estimated the outcomes of prescription drug misuse, illicit drug use, and the combination of both behaviors. Participants' age was considered as an interaction effect. Approximately 5.4%, 2.9%, and 2.5% misused prescription drug, used illicit drug, or had both behaviors, respectively. Compared with White participants, Black (AOR = 0.69, 99.9 CI: 0.61, 0.79) and Asian (AOR = 0.60, 99.9% CI: 0.42, 0.87) participants had significantly lower odds of reporting prescription drug misuse. Individuals who were classified as others had higher odds of reporting illicit drug use (AOR = 1.31; 99.9% CI: 1.05, 1.64), compared with White participants. Black (AOR = 0.40, 99.9% CI: 0.29, 0.56) and Hispanic (AOR = 0.71, 99.9% CI: 0.55, 0.91) participants were significantly less likely to have both prescription drug misuse and illicit drug use behaviors. Interaction analysis showed that Black participants between 18 and 49 years old were less likely to participate in prescription drug misuse. However, Black participants who were 50 years of age or above were more likely to engage in illicit drug use and the combination of both prescription drug misuse and illicit drug use (all p < 0.001). Hispanic adult participants between 18 and 49 years old were more likely to engage in illicit drug use. Successful intervention and cessation programs may consider the cultural and age disparities among different racial and ethnic groups.

Retirement, Pensions and Depression Among Older Adults in China, England, Mexico, and the U.S

Innovation in Aging, Nov 1, 2018

There is evidence that financial hardship is associated with mental health. Our aim was to assess... more There is evidence that financial hardship is associated with mental health. Our aim was to assess the effects of income adequacy on depressive symptomatology before and after the Great Recession for three cohorts of communitydwelling older adults. Additionally, we assessed the impact of three measures of locus of control (LOC) on these relationships. Data from the HRS was utilized for the years 2006 and 2010 with a sample size of 3044 and an age range of 51-102 years. We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scores and an assessment of perceived income adequacy, which was a self-report measure asking respondents to assess how difficult it is to meet you monthly payments on household bills. Our results indicate that in 2006 for each cohort income adequacy was negatively and significantly (p < .001) associated with depression. In 2010, however, the results were not significant for the oldest old. Additionally, when LOC measures were incorporated into the analysis, the general measure of locus of control, and not the domain-specific measures, had a significant impact on depressive symptomatology. This study provides evidence that the Great Recession affected depressive symptomatology of mid-aged adults and the findings signify the influence of LOC; interventions that positively affect general LOC may negatively affect depressive symptomatology among community-dwelling mid-aged and older adults. These results encourage the development of LOC interventions so as to improve the mental health of a large aging population affected by the prospects of income inadequacy in mid-age and old age.

Differences in Direct Care Professional Burnout and Personalized Care in Long-Term Care Settings

Innovation in Aging, Nov 1, 2018

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Graduated Stress Exposure in Virtual Spaceflight Hazard Training

Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, May 29, 2018

Purpose: Psychological and physiological stress experienced by astronauts can pose risks to missi... more Purpose: Psychological and physiological stress experienced by astronauts can pose risks to mission success. In clinical settings, gradually increasing stressors help patients develop resilience. It is unclear whether graduated stress exposure can affect responses to acute stressors during spaceflight. This study evaluated psychophysiological responses to potentially catastrophic spaceflight operation, with and without graduated stress exposure, using a virtual reality environment. Methods: Twenty healthy participants were tasked with locating a fire on a virtual International Space Station (VR-ISS). After orientation, the Treatment group (n=10) practiced searching for a fire while exposed to a low-level stressor (light-smoke), while the Control group (n=10) practiced without smoke. In the testing session, both groups responded to a fire while the VR-ISS unexpectedly filled with heavy smoke. Heart rate variability and blood pressure were measured continuously. Subjective workload was evaluated with the NASA Task Load Index, stress with the Short Stress State Questionnaire, and stress exposure with time-to-complete. Results and Conclusions: During the heavy smoke condition, the Control group showed parasympathetic withdrawal, indicating a mild stress response. The Treatment group retained parasympathetic control. Thus, graduated stress exposure may enhance allostasis and relaxation behavior when confronted with a subsequent stressful condition.

Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology

Journal of the American Statistical Association, Mar 1, 1984

Investigation of Cornell Critical Thinking Results as Aected by Science Writing Heuristic

Examining the Impact of Using the Science Writing Heuristic Approach in Learning Science: A Cluster Randomized Study

Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2013

Limit 4 pages single-spaced. Background / Context: Description of prior research and its intellec... more Limit 4 pages single-spaced. Background / Context: Description of prior research and its intellectual context. The U.S. began a new national standards movement in the area of K-12 science education curriculum reform in the 1980s known as "Science for All" to develop a population that is literate in economic and democratic agendas for a global market focused on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) (Duschl, 2008). The National Research Council (NRC) report, Rising above the Gathering Storm (RAGS, NRC, 2007), describes four areas of needed proficiency for science students: generate and evaluate scientific evidence and explanations; know, use, and interpret scientific explanations of the natural world; understand the nature and development of scientific knowledge; and participate productively in scientific practices and discourse. To this end, pedagogical skills in science education have moved from teaching students how to memorize what they need to know from science textbooks to developing an understanding of the knowledge-building process by learning how to develop explanations and predictions about our world (Erduran, Simon, & Osborne, 2004).

Title: Structural Equation Modeling of Knowledge Content Improvement using Inquiry Based Instruction Authors and Affiliations

Limit 4 pages single-spaced. Background / Context: Description of prior research and its intellec... more Limit 4 pages single-spaced. Background / Context: Description of prior research and its intellectual context. The U.S. began a new national standards movement in the area of K-12 science education curriculum reform in the 1980s known as "Science for All" to develop a population that is literate in economic and democratic agendas for a global market focused on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) (Duschl, 2008). The National Research Council (NRC) report, Taking Science to School: Learning and Teaching Science in Grades K-8 (TSTS; NRC, 2007b) described shortages in attracting students to science learning and careers, and of science teachers (particularly women and minorities). More recently, researchers have focused on science reform that incorporates a cultural imperative in the teaching of science (Driver, Leach, Millar, & Scott, 1996; Millar, 2006; Osborne, Duschl, & Fairbrother, 2002). The sister NRC report, Rising above the Gathering Storm (RAGS, NRC, 2007a), describes four areas of needed proficiency for science students of how to: generate and evaluate scientific evidence and explanations; know, use, and interpret scientific explanations of the natural world; understand the nature and development of scientific knowledge; and participate productively in scientific practices and discourse. To this end, pedagogical skills in science education have moved from teaching students how to memorize what they need to know from science textbooks to developing an understanding of the knowledge-building process by learning how to develop explanations and predictions about our world. A key element in science education is establishing and maintaining linkages between teachers and researchers that can eventuate in enhanced student outcomes. Determining when and where a new educational program or intervention results in an enhanced outcome can be sensitive to many different forces that the researcher must carefully manage. The two NRC reports encourage changes in pedagogy and approaches better suited to the evolving technological world. As members of society are expected to process information that is updated constantly and rapidly, it is critical to understand how ideas are developed and processed. Research in abstract reasoning teaches us that infants learn causal inference and differentiation of animate and inanimate objects, demonstrating that the learning ability of even the youngest children permits them to engage in complex decision making (Gelman & Brenneman, 2004; Mertz, 2004; Spelke, 2000). To do this, students require abstract deductive and inductive reasoning skills, including the ability to view with an open mind and a willingness to be aware of the world (Critical Thinking Co., 2011).

Racial Differences in Employment and Poverty Histories and Health in Older Age

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Educational Practices during the COVID-19 Viral Outbreak: International Perspectives

This chapter provides a review of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the teaching and learnin... more This chapter provides a review of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the teaching and learning at higher education institutions, the challenges faced by educators, and approaches to dealing with the impact on the educational process of higher education. ➢ The chapter deals with the transition from face-to-face classes to remote learning, with a focus on engineering education. ➢ The transition involves the methodology for the creation of effective classroom lessons that align specified learning outcomes with learning experiences and measures of student achievement for the physical classroom that can be adopted for remote learning. ➢ The different modes of learning that are considered include total face-to-face, total remote, and hybrid. ➢ Synchronous and asynchronous modes of learning and appropriate technological platforms are considered. ➢ Approaches for providing students with hands-on experiences in the engineering laboratory are addressed.

Testing the Missing Mechanism of Demographic and Health Variables in the Health and Retirement Study

Innovation in Aging, 2020

Studies using data from longitudinal health survey of older adults usually assumed the data were ... more Studies using data from longitudinal health survey of older adults usually assumed the data were missing completely at random (MCAR) or missing at random (MAR). Thus subsequent analyses used multiple imputation or likelihood-based method to handle missing data. However, little existing research actually examines whether the data met the MCAR/MAR assumptions before performing data analyses. This study first summarized the commonly used statistical methods to test missing mechanism and discussed their application conditions. Then using two-wave longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; wave 2014-2015 and wave 2016-2017; N=18,747), this study applied different approaches to test the missing mechanism of several demographic and health variables. These approaches included Little’s test, logistic regression method, nonparametric tests, false discovery rate, and others. Results indicated the data did not meet the MCAR assumption even though they had a very low rate of mi...

Retail Foodservice Employees' Perceptions of Barriers and Motivational Factors That Influence Performance of Safe Food Behaviors

Food protection trends, 2014

T his study identified the barriers and motivational factors that influence nonsupervisory foodse... more T his study identified the barriers and motivational factors that influence nonsupervisory foodservice employees’ decisions to perform safe food handling behaviors. Responses to a bilingual questionnaire were received from 1,103 employees working in four types of retail foodservice. Respondents rated 8 of 16 listed barriers as important obstacles in keeping them from handling food safely, including “the work pace” (mean = 4.28 on a 5-point scale, where 1 = Not Important and 5 = Very Important) and “lack of good habits” (mean = 4.19). Using the same scale, respondents assessed importance of 27 listed items that encourage them to follow safe practices. Of the 27 items, 23 were rated at a mean of 4.0 or higher. The item rated highest was “Keeping customers safe from food-related diseases,” (mean of 4.91), and the item rated lowest (mean of 3.39) was “An unsupportive work group.” Results show employees know what behaviors are considered proper to ensure the safety of food; however, real...

Social capital, housing planning, and rural community vitality

Encore Café: An Innovative and Effective Congregate Nutrition Program

Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2021

Abstract Effective community food and nutrition programs are imperative for supporting older adul... more Abstract Effective community food and nutrition programs are imperative for supporting older adults health and well-being. This three-part study examined to what extent the innovative congregate nutrition program (CNP), Encore Café, and targeted marketing campaign influenced CNP utilization, CNP program satisfaction, and overall CNP impact (e.g., nutritional risk, dietary practices, and loneliness). The Encore Café resulted in increases of 386% in meal distribution and 3,164% in CNP participants during a two-year period compared to a 20.8% reduction at traditional meal sites across the state. Total CNP satisfaction (food and dining) was high for both the Encore Café and Traditional CNP. Encore Café participants maintained their nutritional status and experienced significant reductions in emotional loneliness (p = 0.017) and dietary intake frequencies of processed meat (p = 0.027) compared to non-CNP participants. Utilizing a client-centered approach in marketing and programming for the Encore Café shows promising results for improving the utilization and effectiveness of the CNP.

Creative Teaching in Mathematics Class Scale

PsycTESTS Dataset, 2019

Big Five Model of Personality Scale--Turkish and Spanish Versions

PsycTESTS Dataset, 2018

Factors Influencing Dietary Intake Frequencies and Nutritional Risk among Community-Residing Older Adults

Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2018

Older adult (OA) dietary practices may be placing them at nutritional risk. This cross-sectional ... more Older adult (OA) dietary practices may be placing them at nutritional risk. This cross-sectional study examined the dietary intake frequencies (DIF) and nutritional risk (NR) using the Dietary Screening Tool (DST) of OA attending communitybased nutrition education and physical activity programs. Most were white females aged 60-80 years. The majority (80.1%) were classified as "at NR" or "at possible NR." Participants had "low" lean protein, dairy, and processed meat DIF and "moderate" whole fruit and juice, total and whole grains, vegetables and added fats, sugars, and sweets DIF. State influenced whole fruit and juice (p .001) and vegetable (p ¼ .021) DIF, age influenced processed meat DIF (p ¼ .001), and gender influenced NR (p ¼ .006), vegetable (p ¼ .022), and processed meat (p ¼ .033) DIF. Results indicate that OA participating in lifestyle interventions are at NR. When developing future nutrition education programs, educators should consider sociodemographic factors to promote dairy and proteinrich foods to OA at NR.

Factors Influencing the Nutritional Risk and Food Intakes of Community-Residing Older Adults

Innovation in Aging, 2017

Structural Equation Modeling

Encyclopedia of Educational Leadership and Administration