Julien Cases

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Yuzuncu Yil University

National Research Institute of Animal Production

Pleunie Hogenkamp

Uppsala University

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Papers by Julien Cases

Selenium from Selenium-Rich Spirulina Is Less Bioavailable than Selenium from Sodium Selenite and Selenomethionine in Selenium-Deficient Rats

The Journal of Nutrition, Sep 1, 2001

The bioavailabilty of selenium (Se) from selenium-rich Spirulina (SeSp) was assessed in Se-defici... more The bioavailabilty of selenium (Se) from selenium-rich Spirulina (SeSp) was assessed in Se-deficient rats by measuring tissue Se accumulation and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. For 42 d, rats were subjected to dietary Se depletion by consumption of a Torula yeast (TY)-based diet with no Se; controls were fed the same diet supplemented with 75 g Se/kg diet as sodium selenite. Se-deficient rats were then repleted with Se (75 g/kg) by the addition of sodium selenite, selenomethionine (SeMet) or SeSp to the TY basal diet. Selenium speciation in SeSp emphasized the quasi-absence of selenite (2% of total Se); organic Se comprised SeMet (ϳ18%), with the majority present in the form of two selenoproteins (20 -30 kDa and 80 kDa). Gross absorption of Se from SeSp was significantly lower than from free SeMet and sodium selenite. SeMet was less effective than sodium selenite in restoring Se concentration in the liver but not in kidney. SeSp was always much less effective. Similarly, Se from SeSp was less effective than the other forms of Se in restoring GSH-Px activity, except in plasma and red blood cells where no differences were noted among the three sources. This was confirmed by measuring the bioavailability of Se by slope-ratio analysis using selenite as the reference form of Se. Although Se from SeSp did not replenish Se concentration and GSH-Px activity in most tissues to the same degree as the other forms of Se, we conclude that it is biologically useful and differently metabolized due to its chemical form.

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A 12-week randomized double-blind parallel pilot trial of Sinetrol XPur on body weight, abdominal fat, waist circumference, and muscle metabolism in overweight men

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2015

Overweight and obesity are associated to increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases t... more Overweight and obesity are associated to increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases that might dramatically affect life expectancy according World Health Organization. Overweight, obesity, and decline in physical activity are correlated to a significant propensity to lose skeletal muscle mass as a result of prolonged inflammation and oxidative stress whereas cohort surveys and clinical investigations have demonstrated health benefits of Citrus-based polyphenols to reverse such regression. Overweight men were included in a double-blind, randomized, parallel pilot trial where they received daily for a 12-week period 900 mg of a Citrus-based polyphenol extract, Sinetrol® XPur. Body composition, anthropometric, and blood parameters were assessed before and at the end of the intervention period. After 12 weeks, while the silhouette slimmed down, metabolic parameters were significantly improved and skeletal muscle catabolism held back. These data suggest that over a 12-week period, the efficacy of the supplement improve both overweight process and correlated skeletal muscle mass metabolism.

Regular consumption of Fiit-ns, a polyphenol extract from fruit and vegetables frequently consumed within the Mediterranean diet, improves metabolic ageing of obese volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, parallel trial

International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 2015

Epidemiological studies suggest that metabolic ageing process of overweight and obese populations... more Epidemiological studies suggest that metabolic ageing process of overweight and obese populations is associated with an increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Inflammation, hyper-glycaemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress have been associated with early stages of NCDs development whereas cohort surveys have demonstrated health benefits of dietary polyphenols from various dietary sources to reverse such progress. Obese volunteers were included in a double-blind, randomized, parallel pilot trial where they received daily for a 12-week period 900 mg of a polyphenol-rich treatment extracted from fruit and vegetables frequently consumed within the Mediterranean diet. Anthropometric and blood parameters were assessed before and at the end of the intervention period. After 12 weeks, while the silhouette slimmed down, metabolic parameters were significantly improved and general satisfaction considerably ameliorated. These data suggest that over a 12-week period, th...

Pilot trial of Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2010

Botanicals are an alternative option to prescription drugs for the alleviation of symptoms due to... more Botanicals are an alternative option to prescription drugs for the alleviation of symptoms due to anxiety disorders and insomnia. Melissa officinalis L. has been shown as an anti-stress and anxiolytic agent. We previously reported moderate stress improvement in mice in which Cyracos Ò , a standardized Melissa officinalis L. extract, was administrated. Cyracos Ò contains phytochemicals that inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism. This was a prospective, open-label, 15-day study to evaluate the efficacy of Cyracos Ò on stressed volunteers, who have mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances. Using clinician rating criteria, primary outcomes showed improvement of symptoms. Cyracos Ò reduced anxiety manifestations by 18% (p \ 0.

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Carnosic acid-rich rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaf extract limits weight gain and improves cholesterol levels and glycaemia in mice on a high-fat diet

British Journal of Nutrition, 2011

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extracts (RE) are natural antioxidants that are used in food... more Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extracts (RE) are natural antioxidants that are used in food, food supplements and cosmetic applications; exert anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycaemic effects; and promote weight loss, which can be exploited to develop new preventive strategies against metabolic disorders. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the preventive effects of rosemary leaf extract that was standardised to 20 % carnosic acid (RE) on weight gain, glucose levels and lipid homeostasis in mice that had begun a high-fat diet (HFD) as juveniles. The animals were given a low-fat diet, a HFD or a HFD that was supplemented with 500 mg RE/kg body weight per d (mpk). Physiological and biochemical parameters were monitored for 16 weeks. Body and epididymal fat weight in animals on the HFD that was supplemented with RE increased 69 and 79 % less than those in the HFD group. Treatment with RE was associated with increased faecal fat excretion but not with decreased food intake. The extract also reduced fasting glycaemia and plasma cholesterol levels. In addition, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of RE in vitro on pancreatic lipase and PPAR-g agonist activity; the in vitro findings correlated with our observations in the animal experiments. Thus, the present results suggest that RE that is rich in carnosic acid can be used as a preventive treatment against metabolic disorders, which merits further examination at physiological doses in randomised controlled trials.

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Fraxinus excelsior seed extract FraxiPure™ limits weight gains and hyperglycemia in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Phytomedicine, 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether a Fraxinus excelsior L. seed extract, Fra... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether a Fraxinus excelsior L. seed extract, FraxiPure TM (0.5% in the diet), limits weight gain and hyperglycemia in mice. In a previous report, we identified several secoiridoids in FraxiPure TM , some of which activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR␣) in vitro and inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. In a separate study, FraxiPure TM reduced glycemia in healthy volunteers, following an oral glucose tolerance test. These findings suggest that FraxiPure TM has antiobesity and antihyperglycemia effects. Materials and methods: FraxiPure TM was tested in mice that were fed a high-fat diet over 16 weeks and compared with low-fat and high-fat diet controls. Weight gain, omental and retroperitoneal fat, fasting blood glucose, and fasting blood insulin were measured. Results: FraxiPure TM reduced gains in body weight by 32.30% (p < 0.05), omental fat by 17.92%, and retroperitoneal fat by 17.78%. FraxiPure TM also lowered fasting blood glucose levels by 76.52% (p < 0.001) and plasma insulin levels by 53.43% (p < 0.05) after 16 weeks. Moreover, FraxiPure TM lowered liver weight gains by 63.62% (p < 0.05) and the incidence of fatty livers by 66.67%. Conclusions: Our novel results demonstrate the antiobesity effects of chronic administration of an F. excelsior seed extract and confirm its ability to regulate glycemia and insulinemia. In addition, this extract, which is rich in secoiridoid glucosides, protects against obesity-related liver steatosis.

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Importance of Extract Standardization and In Vitro/Ex Vivo Assay Selection for the Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Botanicals: A Case Study on Three Rosmarinus officinalis L. Extracts

Journal of Medicinal Food, 2010

The overproduction of free radicals and oxygen reactive species is suspected to be implicated in ... more The overproduction of free radicals and oxygen reactive species is suspected to be implicated in a wide range of metabolic reactions that can have pernicious consequences in the development of a variety of human diseases. Botanical extracts are sources of antioxidants that counteract both free radicals and oxygen reactive species. The processing conditions used in the botanical extraction may influence the antioxidant composition; therefore, different extracts from the same plant may have different antioxidant properties. To illustrate this fact, we conducted a study using three commercial rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaf extracts. The three extracts were standardized to contain, respectively, 20% carnosic acid, 40% ursolic acid, or 20% rosmarinic acid. They were evaluated for their total (hydrophilic + lipophilic) antioxidant effects on oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), their ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), and their capacity to inhibit Cu(2+)-induced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation ex vivo. The ursolic acid extract showed the lowest antioxidant capacity on all models. The rosmarinic acid extract had an antioxidant capacity 1.5 times higher on ORAC and four times higher on FRAP than the carnosic acid extract. However, the carnosic acid extract was better than the rosmarinic acid extract in inhibiting the oxidation of LDL ex vivo. These results encourage conducting further studies to evaluate the carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid extracts in vivo. Our study offers an example of the importance of the extraction procedures, on which depends the nature of the antioxidant composition, and highlights interest to proceed with in vitro/ex vivo assay selection for the evaluation of the antioxidant properties of botanical extracts.

$Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Selenium Bioavailability from High-Selenium Spirulina Subfractions in Selenium-Deficient Rats$

Assessment of Selenium Bioavailability from High-Selenium Spirulina Subfractions in Selenium-Deficient Rats

by Julien Cases and Jean-Max Rouanet

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002

It was previously found that the bioavailability of Se from Se-rich spirulina (SeSp) was lower th... more It was previously found that the bioavailability of Se from Se-rich spirulina (SeSp) was lower than that from selenite or selenomethionine when fed to Se-deficient rats. The present study examined the bioavailability of Se from SeSp subfractions: a pellet (P) issuing from the centrifugation of a suspension of broken SeSp and a retentate (R) resulting from ultrafiltration of the supernatant through a 30 kDa exclusion membrane. Animals were fed a torula yeast based diet with no Se (deficients) or supplemented with 75 µg of Se/kg of diet as sodium selenite (controls) for 42 days. Se-deficient rats were then repleted for 56 days with Se (75 µg/kg of diet) supplied as sodium selenite, SeSp, P, or R. During this period, controls continued to receive sodium selenite. Speciation of Se in subfractions showed that the majority was present in the form of high molecular weight compounds; free selenomethionine was only a minor constituent. Gross absorption of Se from sodium selenite, P, and R was not different and was higher than from SeSp. Only retentate allowed full replenishment of Se concentration in liver and kidney (as did sodium selenite) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity in liver, kidney, plasma, and erythrocytes. The bioavailabilities of Se in retentate, as assessed by slope ratio analysis using selenite as a reference Se, were 89 and 112% in the tissue Se content and 106-133% in the GSHPx activities. SeSp and P exhibited a gross bioavailability of <100%.

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A diet high in cholesterol and deficient in vitamin E induces lipid peroxidation but does not enhance antioxidant enzyme expression in rat liver

by Julien Cases and Jean-Max Rouanet

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2002

Expression of antioxidant enzymes (AOE), an important mechanism in the protection against oxidati... more Expression of antioxidant enzymes (AOE), an important mechanism in the protection against oxidative stress, could be modified by the redox status of the cells. The aim of this project was to evaluate the role of vitamin E deficiency in association with a high-cholesterol diet in the hepatic lipid peroxidation and the expression of AOE. Two groups of 6 male rats were fed with a high-cholesterol or a high-cholesterol vitamin E-deficient diet. All animals were sacrificed at 72 days of treatment. Liver lipid peroxidation index (Malondialdehyde ; MDA) and hepatic AOE were evaluated. Total liver RNA was extracted, and the steady state messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of glutathion peroxydase, manganese superoxide dismutase, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and catalase were examined by northern blot. After 72 days on the diet, a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation index was observed in the vitamin E deficient group (MDA : 4.45 Ϯ 0.29 nmol/mg protein versus 3.65 Ϯ 0.1 nmol/mg protein in vitamin E normal group). Despite this oxidative stress, the activities and mRNA levels of liver AOE were not significantly different in the 2 groups. These preliminary results show that chronic vitamin E deficiency associated with high cholesterol diet is able to increase lipid peroxidation without modulation of AOE expression and activity in the liver. This suggests that beneficial effects of dietary vitamin E are due to a plasma antioxidant effect or a cell mediated action, rather than to a specific modulation of cellular enzymes.

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Selenium from Selenium-Rich Spirulina Is Less Bioavailable than Selenium from Sodium Selenite and Selenomethionine in Selenium-Deficient Rats

The Journal of Nutrition, Sep 1, 2001

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A 12-week randomized double-blind parallel pilot trial of Sinetrol XPur on body weight, abdominal fat, waist circumference, and muscle metabolism in overweight men

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2015