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Fariza Hashim

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Maejo University

Indian Institute of Management, Ranchi

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Papers by Fariza Hashim

The effect of organisational green culture and organisational environmental ethics on green employee behaviour: the role of green innovative performance and green communication and feedback among employees of garment industry in Bangladesh

International journal of environment, workplace and employment, 2024

Antecedents And Consequences Of Market Orientation In Non-Profit Organizations: Evidence From Malaysia

International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 2011

Understanding Consumer Environmental Ethics and the Willingness to Use Green Products

Environmental ethics and moral obligation are action plan that helps to preserve the environment ... more Environmental ethics and moral obligation are action plan that helps to preserve the environment and has influenced consumption style. The utilization of green products and consumption has helped minimize environmental and health threats, which is considered to sustain the environment. In this study, we examine consumer environmental ethics, environmental attitude, social influence, and moral obligation through the mediation of the willingness to use green products toward green behavior. Using a questionnaire survey method to capture 250 consumers in Abuja, Nigeria and SmartPLS3.0 to assess the model validity. The outcomes of our study show that consumer environmental ethics, environmental attitude, and moral obligation positively influence willingness to use green products, which also influence green behavior. The mediating effect was established and willingness to use green products simultaneously mediates the relationships between consumer environmental ethics, environmental attitude, moral obligation and green behavior. Further, social influence does not predict willingness to use green products, and the mediating link between social influence and green behavior was not supported. The study provides implications based on the empirical findings for theoretical and managerial insight as well as for future research.

Green innovation behaviour: Impact of industry 4.0 and open innovation

Heliyon, Jun 1, 2023

Antecedents and Consequences of Market Orientation in Non-Profit Organizations: Evidence from Malaysia

Social Science Research Network, 2011

Knowledge Acquisition in International Strategic Alliances: The Role of Knowledge Ambiguity

Management International Review, 2019

Understanding Consumer Environmental Ethics and the Willingness to Use Green Products

SAGE Open, 2023

Environmental ethics and moral obligation are action plan that helps to preserve the environment ... more Environmental ethics and moral obligation are action plan that helps to preserve the environment and has influenced consumption style. The utilization of green products and consumption has helped minimize environmental and health threats, which is considered to sustain the environment. In this study, we examine consumer environmental ethics, environmental attitude, social influence, and moral obligation through the mediation of the willingness to use green products toward green behavior. Using a questionnaire survey method to capture 250 consumers in Abuja, Nigeria and SmartPLS3.0 to assess the model validity. The outcomes of our study show that consumer environmental ethics, environmental attitude, and moral obligation positively influence willingness to use green products, which also influence green behavior. The mediating effect was established and willingness to use green products simultaneously mediates the relationships between consumer environmental ethics, environmental attitude, moral obligation and green behavior. Further, social influence does not predict willingness to use green products, and the mediating link between social influence and green behavior was not supported. The study provides implications based on the empirical findings for theoretical and managerial insight as well as for future research.

Green Training and Development Revolutionizing Organizational Performance: The Moderating Role of Green Employee Involvement in the Bangladeshi Pharmaceutical Industry

International Business Research

Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) has been found to positively affect job satisfaction (JS) ... more Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) has been found to positively affect job satisfaction (JS) and job performance as employees are more engaged and motivated to improve organizational performance (OP). However, few studies have investigated this phenomenon, and none have examined green employee involvement (GEI) within the Bangladeshi context. Therefore, this study examines the moderating role of GEI and the mediating role of JS and employee motivation (EM) on green training and development (GTD), organizational commitment (OC), and OP among pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh and contributes to the theories of action and job performance and of ability-motivation-opportunity. Self-administered surveys were sent to executives working in 10 pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh, and data were collected from 180 respondents using convenience sampling. These findings show that the GTD positively influenced OC and OP. Additionally, GEI played a significant moderating role between ...

Emerging Markets: Evaluating Graham’s Stock Selection Criteria on Portfolio Return in Saudi Arabia Stock Market

International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2017

Graham’s stock selection criteria enable investors to be more cautious in selecting their portfol... more Graham’s stock selection criteria enable investors to be more cautious in selecting their portfolios in order to generate abnormal return. Graham’s model was widely examined in various developed market where the stock markets and companies are more mature and economy of the countries are more stable. However, the selection criteria model was not commonly examined in emerging countries despite of their rapid economic growth and diversified sectors in the stocks trading. Hence, this study attempts to investigate the relevance of Graham’s stock selection criteria on the portfolio returns of the Saudi Arabia stock market. Saudi Arabia represents the fastest growing market in the Middle East primarily Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council region thus testing the market is justified. The study found that despite of being young and immature stock market, Saudi stock market was able to offer abnormal return to the investors and Graham’s model of stock selection is indeed valuable to investors.

Business performance for private higher education institutions in Malaysia

In view of today’s development in the world economy, and globalization, Malaysia recognises that ... more In view of today’s development in the world economy, and globalization, Malaysia recognises that ‘knowledge’ is the passport to prosperity and social stability.The purpose of the study to identify the performance of Private Higher Education Institutions (IPTS) Malaysia based on each main factors, namely reputation, accreditation, admission, and finance.Initially, the failures Private Higher Education Institutions (IPTS) this could affect Malaysia's aspiration to become an education hub in the region.The interviews were conducted with personnel the senior and middle managers of the PHEIs, who are able to give the right information and related to the research questions by getting the data collection personally from the participants themselves.The important factors of these for business performance of the PHEIs, i.e. 1) clear and well defined mission, values and strategy; 2) top management and leadership style and support; 3) participation and total involvement that leads to perfor...

Student Spin-off Intentions in Malaysian Higher Educational Institutions: Founders' Characteristics and University Roles

Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 2018

This study aims to examine the effects of founders’ characteristics and university roles on stude... more This study aims to examine the effects of founders’ characteristics and university roles on student spin-off intentions in Malaysian higher educational institutions. The study of student spin-offs has captured the attention of policymakers, educators and researchers because of its contribution to achieving a university’s vision and mission, regional economic growth, knowledge commercialization and employment generation. This study involved online survey research designed and informed by two research questions. A stratified sampling technique was applied and was able to obtain 369 samples from the founders of student spin-offs from eleven public universities in Malaysia. The data was analysed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that four of the six paths in the conceptual model were significant and affirmed the direction proposed by this study. The need for achievement, innovativeness, a propensity for risk taking and self-efficac...

Effect of Graham's share selection criteria on portfolio return in emerging markets: case of Malaysian share market

International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 2019

Graham's model has been broadly investigated in diverse advanced share markets primarily in the U... more Graham's model has been broadly investigated in diverse advanced share markets primarily in the USA and Europe as the companies are larger and established in sound economies. However, the selection criteria model is not prevalently examined in emerging countries, regardless of their fast economic growth and diversified sectors in stocks trading. For this reason, this study seeks to analyse the effect of Graham's stock selection criteria on the portfolio returns of the Malaysian stock market. Malaysia's has been recognised as one of the most rapidly growing markets in the Far East region; therefore, testing the market is essential and valid. The study found that notwithstanding its inception in the stock market, the Malaysian stock market was capable of proffering abnormal returns to investors, thus indicating that Graham's model of stock selection is certainly beneficial to investors.

The making of global players: A look on Malaysian firms adopting e-commerce

This study looks at the current initiatives by the priuatejrms on the e-commerce projects in Mala... more This study looks at the current initiatives by the priuatejrms on the e-commerce projects in Malaysia. It seeks to identlfj the drivingforces ofprivate firms adopt e-commerce, to explore private firms initiatives andparticipation in e-commerce andfinally to gauge the level ofparticipation of the private firms in e-commerce. Thefindingsprovide interesting facts where Malaysian firms primarily SMEs possess agloba l marketfocus with the ability to transact electronically. Malaysian e-commerce firms have the capability to compete in the global digital marketplace together .with other large firms ffom the developed countries mainly, the United States.

International R&D an examination on knowledge management practices and innovation intensity in Malaysian MSC cluster

Effective knowledge management (KM) has been recognized as one important method to improve perfor... more Effective knowledge management (KM) has been recognized as one important method to improve performance. Knowledge application and generation absorb in the process of R&D stimulate the creation of innovations. Hence, this study aims to examine the efficiency of knowledge management practices by the international firms located in Multi-media Super Corridor (MSC). This is vital in order to understand further the role of MSC as a support for innovation planning and implementation of the K-economy. The study only confined to the firms established in the MSC area. It is believed that the firms in this area are all R&D firms which are heavily engage in innovation and knowledge management practices. The findings of the study indicate that the KM practices were applied by the firms were part of the knowledge management practices. There were also various associations between the variables of knowledge management practices and innovation. Nevertheless, most of these associations were positive in nature which indicate that the stronger the relationship, greater the knowledge management practices. In addition, the findings reveal that international firms did not extensively engage in the R&D based on their level of innovation. The study is interesting and has various potential to be further explored. It is suggested that the result could be more comprehensive if the study includes all international firms in the whole country. The construct of innovation intensities and other innovative capabilities also can be extended in order to discover more factors contributing to the effectiveness of the knowledge management practices on the international firms' innovative behavior in Malaysia.

Outward Internationalization and FDI: Motives for Malaysian MNEs Moving into China

Firms are pressured to operate globally to reap the benefits of other locations through foreign i... more Firms are pressured to operate globally to reap the benefits of other locations through foreign investment. This phenomenon occurs not only among multinational enterprises from developed countries but also younger multinational enterprises from developing countries. Various factors induce them to invest in foreign locations. This paper highlights the motives of multinationals from developing countries engaging in foreign locations and capitalizing on location to enhance their competitiveness. This study uses one Malaysian company’s experiences to analyze the situation through a qualitative analysis. The results show that intense competition in the domestic and global market has forced firms to move out of their home country and relocate their production centers in China. China offers various factors that entice Malaysian MNEs to escalate their global expansion.

Learning from Foreign Partners Through International Alliances in Malaysia

SMEs’ impediments and developments in the internationalization process

World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 2015

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is, first, to examine the factors that impede SMEs in their i... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is, first, to examine the factors that impede SMEs in their internationalization process; second, to analyse the effectiveness of the government support and development programs of the SMEs; and finally, to examine the networking efforts by Malaysian SMEs at the industrial level. Design/methodology/approach – This study is descriptive in nature. Secondary data are the main source of data collection. Data were obtained from reliable and authoritative sources such as SME Corp, government agency publications, newspapers, international business journals and other related periodicals. A meta-analysis technique was used in this study where results from previous and current studies on similar topics were critically reviewed. Findings – This study found that Malaysian SMEs faced external and internal impediments in their efforts of expanding their operations internationally. Externally there is a lack of skilled workers available in the domestic labour ma...

Firm Technology Motivation and Its Influence on E-Business Technology

This study investigates the notion of technology motivation in the adoption of e-business technol... more This study investigates the notion of technology motivation in the adoption of e-business technology among firms. It is hypothesized that the adoption of e-business technology depends on the motivations of adoption. While it is posited that technology motivations influence e-business adoption, the organizational-technology-environment framework serves as the antecedents of firm's technology motivation. The empirical analysis in this study consists of 153 Malaysian manufacturing firms. The research demonstrates that technology motivation influence e-business technology adoption.

What's cooking? Indonesia's kerosene to LPG conversion program

Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, 2011

Subject area Strategic market entry; international business; marketing. Study level/applicability... more Subject area Strategic market entry; international business; marketing. Study level/applicability MBA/MA in management; international business; postgraduate. Case overview This case is based on a real-life situation of an existing transnational firm contemplating to enter a new market in a developing country. It involves a gamut of issues ranging from firm-strategic market entry, competitive positioning, international marketing strategies (including international market segmentation) and international product lifecycle. These issues revolve on numerous theories namely theories on internationalization (motive, scope, process, scale and timing of entry) and globalization of markets (standardization versus adaptation). In the past, the market was heavily regulated and protected which makes market entry simply impossible. However, a change in government policy is opening up new opportunities for foreign providers to participate in the host country. Although the market potential is enorm...

Internationalisation of MNCs from developing economies: Case of Malaysia

Internationalisation is a process that MNCs have to engage in becoming global players. This proce... more Internationalisation is a process that MNCs have to engage in becoming global players. This process enables them to be mature in their operations in foreign markets and strengthen their competitive position abroad. The current trend has witnessed the surge of MNCs not only from developed nations but also from developing nations that actively involve in the global economy. The process of internationalisation take place among MNCs from developed economies are also experienced by firms from developing economies, however the pattern of the process is slightly different. This study explored the internationalisation process of MNC from Malaysia, namely TM Berhad, a leading telecommunication company in the country. Its motives, expansion strategies and entry mode chosen in setting up its operations abroad are deeply analyzed. This study discovered that internationalisation process that Malaysian firm experienced is not similar to the internationalisation process that are discussed in the literature which were based on firms from developed economies. TM as a government linked firms internationalise by utilizing its ownership advantages as other MNCs, but the efforts were more driven by opportunities and government linkages rather than other factors.

The effect of organisational green culture and organisational environmental ethics on green employee behaviour: the role of green innovative performance and green communication and feedback among employees of garment industry in Bangladesh

International journal of environment, workplace and employment, 2024

Antecedents And Consequences Of Market Orientation In Non-Profit Organizations: Evidence From Malaysia

International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 2011

Understanding Consumer Environmental Ethics and the Willingness to Use Green Products

Environmental ethics and moral obligation are action plan that helps to preserve the environment ... more Environmental ethics and moral obligation are action plan that helps to preserve the environment and has influenced consumption style. The utilization of green products and consumption has helped minimize environmental and health threats, which is considered to sustain the environment. In this study, we examine consumer environmental ethics, environmental attitude, social influence, and moral obligation through the mediation of the willingness to use green products toward green behavior. Using a questionnaire survey method to capture 250 consumers in Abuja, Nigeria and SmartPLS3.0 to assess the model validity. The outcomes of our study show that consumer environmental ethics, environmental attitude, and moral obligation positively influence willingness to use green products, which also influence green behavior. The mediating effect was established and willingness to use green products simultaneously mediates the relationships between consumer environmental ethics, environmental attitude, moral obligation and green behavior. Further, social influence does not predict willingness to use green products, and the mediating link between social influence and green behavior was not supported. The study provides implications based on the empirical findings for theoretical and managerial insight as well as for future research.

Green innovation behaviour: Impact of industry 4.0 and open innovation

Heliyon, Jun 1, 2023

Antecedents and Consequences of Market Orientation in Non-Profit Organizations: Evidence from Malaysia

Social Science Research Network, 2011

Knowledge Acquisition in International Strategic Alliances: The Role of Knowledge Ambiguity

Management International Review, 2019

Understanding Consumer Environmental Ethics and the Willingness to Use Green Products

SAGE Open, 2023

Environmental ethics and moral obligation are action plan that helps to preserve the environment ... more Environmental ethics and moral obligation are action plan that helps to preserve the environment and has influenced consumption style. The utilization of green products and consumption has helped minimize environmental and health threats, which is considered to sustain the environment. In this study, we examine consumer environmental ethics, environmental attitude, social influence, and moral obligation through the mediation of the willingness to use green products toward green behavior. Using a questionnaire survey method to capture 250 consumers in Abuja, Nigeria and SmartPLS3.0 to assess the model validity. The outcomes of our study show that consumer environmental ethics, environmental attitude, and moral obligation positively influence willingness to use green products, which also influence green behavior. The mediating effect was established and willingness to use green products simultaneously mediates the relationships between consumer environmental ethics, environmental attitude, moral obligation and green behavior. Further, social influence does not predict willingness to use green products, and the mediating link between social influence and green behavior was not supported. The study provides implications based on the empirical findings for theoretical and managerial insight as well as for future research.

Green Training and Development Revolutionizing Organizational Performance: The Moderating Role of Green Employee Involvement in the Bangladeshi Pharmaceutical Industry

International Business Research

Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) has been found to positively affect job satisfaction (JS) ... more Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) has been found to positively affect job satisfaction (JS) and job performance as employees are more engaged and motivated to improve organizational performance (OP). However, few studies have investigated this phenomenon, and none have examined green employee involvement (GEI) within the Bangladeshi context. Therefore, this study examines the moderating role of GEI and the mediating role of JS and employee motivation (EM) on green training and development (GTD), organizational commitment (OC), and OP among pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh and contributes to the theories of action and job performance and of ability-motivation-opportunity. Self-administered surveys were sent to executives working in 10 pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh, and data were collected from 180 respondents using convenience sampling. These findings show that the GTD positively influenced OC and OP. Additionally, GEI played a significant moderating role between ...

Emerging Markets: Evaluating Graham’s Stock Selection Criteria on Portfolio Return in Saudi Arabia Stock Market

International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2017

Graham’s stock selection criteria enable investors to be more cautious in selecting their portfol... more Graham’s stock selection criteria enable investors to be more cautious in selecting their portfolios in order to generate abnormal return. Graham’s model was widely examined in various developed market where the stock markets and companies are more mature and economy of the countries are more stable. However, the selection criteria model was not commonly examined in emerging countries despite of their rapid economic growth and diversified sectors in the stocks trading. Hence, this study attempts to investigate the relevance of Graham’s stock selection criteria on the portfolio returns of the Saudi Arabia stock market. Saudi Arabia represents the fastest growing market in the Middle East primarily Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council region thus testing the market is justified. The study found that despite of being young and immature stock market, Saudi stock market was able to offer abnormal return to the investors and Graham’s model of stock selection is indeed valuable to investors.

Business performance for private higher education institutions in Malaysia

In view of today’s development in the world economy, and globalization, Malaysia recognises that ... more In view of today’s development in the world economy, and globalization, Malaysia recognises that ‘knowledge’ is the passport to prosperity and social stability.The purpose of the study to identify the performance of Private Higher Education Institutions (IPTS) Malaysia based on each main factors, namely reputation, accreditation, admission, and finance.Initially, the failures Private Higher Education Institutions (IPTS) this could affect Malaysia's aspiration to become an education hub in the region.The interviews were conducted with personnel the senior and middle managers of the PHEIs, who are able to give the right information and related to the research questions by getting the data collection personally from the participants themselves.The important factors of these for business performance of the PHEIs, i.e. 1) clear and well defined mission, values and strategy; 2) top management and leadership style and support; 3) participation and total involvement that leads to perfor...

Student Spin-off Intentions in Malaysian Higher Educational Institutions: Founders' Characteristics and University Roles

Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 2018

This study aims to examine the effects of founders’ characteristics and university roles on stude... more This study aims to examine the effects of founders’ characteristics and university roles on student spin-off intentions in Malaysian higher educational institutions. The study of student spin-offs has captured the attention of policymakers, educators and researchers because of its contribution to achieving a university’s vision and mission, regional economic growth, knowledge commercialization and employment generation. This study involved online survey research designed and informed by two research questions. A stratified sampling technique was applied and was able to obtain 369 samples from the founders of student spin-offs from eleven public universities in Malaysia. The data was analysed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that four of the six paths in the conceptual model were significant and affirmed the direction proposed by this study. The need for achievement, innovativeness, a propensity for risk taking and self-efficac...

Effect of Graham's share selection criteria on portfolio return in emerging markets: case of Malaysian share market

International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 2019

Graham's model has been broadly investigated in diverse advanced share markets primarily in the U... more Graham's model has been broadly investigated in diverse advanced share markets primarily in the USA and Europe as the companies are larger and established in sound economies. However, the selection criteria model is not prevalently examined in emerging countries, regardless of their fast economic growth and diversified sectors in stocks trading. For this reason, this study seeks to analyse the effect of Graham's stock selection criteria on the portfolio returns of the Malaysian stock market. Malaysia's has been recognised as one of the most rapidly growing markets in the Far East region; therefore, testing the market is essential and valid. The study found that notwithstanding its inception in the stock market, the Malaysian stock market was capable of proffering abnormal returns to investors, thus indicating that Graham's model of stock selection is certainly beneficial to investors.

The making of global players: A look on Malaysian firms adopting e-commerce

This study looks at the current initiatives by the priuatejrms on the e-commerce projects in Mala... more This study looks at the current initiatives by the priuatejrms on the e-commerce projects in Malaysia. It seeks to identlfj the drivingforces ofprivate firms adopt e-commerce, to explore private firms initiatives andparticipation in e-commerce andfinally to gauge the level ofparticipation of the private firms in e-commerce. Thefindingsprovide interesting facts where Malaysian firms primarily SMEs possess agloba l marketfocus with the ability to transact electronically. Malaysian e-commerce firms have the capability to compete in the global digital marketplace together .with other large firms ffom the developed countries mainly, the United States.

International R&D an examination on knowledge management practices and innovation intensity in Malaysian MSC cluster

Effective knowledge management (KM) has been recognized as one important method to improve perfor... more Effective knowledge management (KM) has been recognized as one important method to improve performance. Knowledge application and generation absorb in the process of R&D stimulate the creation of innovations. Hence, this study aims to examine the efficiency of knowledge management practices by the international firms located in Multi-media Super Corridor (MSC). This is vital in order to understand further the role of MSC as a support for innovation planning and implementation of the K-economy. The study only confined to the firms established in the MSC area. It is believed that the firms in this area are all R&D firms which are heavily engage in innovation and knowledge management practices. The findings of the study indicate that the KM practices were applied by the firms were part of the knowledge management practices. There were also various associations between the variables of knowledge management practices and innovation. Nevertheless, most of these associations were positive in nature which indicate that the stronger the relationship, greater the knowledge management practices. In addition, the findings reveal that international firms did not extensively engage in the R&D based on their level of innovation. The study is interesting and has various potential to be further explored. It is suggested that the result could be more comprehensive if the study includes all international firms in the whole country. The construct of innovation intensities and other innovative capabilities also can be extended in order to discover more factors contributing to the effectiveness of the knowledge management practices on the international firms' innovative behavior in Malaysia.

Outward Internationalization and FDI: Motives for Malaysian MNEs Moving into China

Firms are pressured to operate globally to reap the benefits of other locations through foreign i... more Firms are pressured to operate globally to reap the benefits of other locations through foreign investment. This phenomenon occurs not only among multinational enterprises from developed countries but also younger multinational enterprises from developing countries. Various factors induce them to invest in foreign locations. This paper highlights the motives of multinationals from developing countries engaging in foreign locations and capitalizing on location to enhance their competitiveness. This study uses one Malaysian company’s experiences to analyze the situation through a qualitative analysis. The results show that intense competition in the domestic and global market has forced firms to move out of their home country and relocate their production centers in China. China offers various factors that entice Malaysian MNEs to escalate their global expansion.

Learning from Foreign Partners Through International Alliances in Malaysia

SMEs’ impediments and developments in the internationalization process

World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 2015

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is, first, to examine the factors that impede SMEs in their i... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is, first, to examine the factors that impede SMEs in their internationalization process; second, to analyse the effectiveness of the government support and development programs of the SMEs; and finally, to examine the networking efforts by Malaysian SMEs at the industrial level. Design/methodology/approach – This study is descriptive in nature. Secondary data are the main source of data collection. Data were obtained from reliable and authoritative sources such as SME Corp, government agency publications, newspapers, international business journals and other related periodicals. A meta-analysis technique was used in this study where results from previous and current studies on similar topics were critically reviewed. Findings – This study found that Malaysian SMEs faced external and internal impediments in their efforts of expanding their operations internationally. Externally there is a lack of skilled workers available in the domestic labour ma...

Firm Technology Motivation and Its Influence on E-Business Technology

This study investigates the notion of technology motivation in the adoption of e-business technol... more This study investigates the notion of technology motivation in the adoption of e-business technology among firms. It is hypothesized that the adoption of e-business technology depends on the motivations of adoption. While it is posited that technology motivations influence e-business adoption, the organizational-technology-environment framework serves as the antecedents of firm's technology motivation. The empirical analysis in this study consists of 153 Malaysian manufacturing firms. The research demonstrates that technology motivation influence e-business technology adoption.

What's cooking? Indonesia's kerosene to LPG conversion program

Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, 2011

Subject area Strategic market entry; international business; marketing. Study level/applicability... more Subject area Strategic market entry; international business; marketing. Study level/applicability MBA/MA in management; international business; postgraduate. Case overview This case is based on a real-life situation of an existing transnational firm contemplating to enter a new market in a developing country. It involves a gamut of issues ranging from firm-strategic market entry, competitive positioning, international marketing strategies (including international market segmentation) and international product lifecycle. These issues revolve on numerous theories namely theories on internationalization (motive, scope, process, scale and timing of entry) and globalization of markets (standardization versus adaptation). In the past, the market was heavily regulated and protected which makes market entry simply impossible. However, a change in government policy is opening up new opportunities for foreign providers to participate in the host country. Although the market potential is enorm...

Internationalisation of MNCs from developing economies: Case of Malaysia

Internationalisation is a process that MNCs have to engage in becoming global players. This proce... more Internationalisation is a process that MNCs have to engage in becoming global players. This process enables them to be mature in their operations in foreign markets and strengthen their competitive position abroad. The current trend has witnessed the surge of MNCs not only from developed nations but also from developing nations that actively involve in the global economy. The process of internationalisation take place among MNCs from developed economies are also experienced by firms from developing economies, however the pattern of the process is slightly different. This study explored the internationalisation process of MNC from Malaysia, namely TM Berhad, a leading telecommunication company in the country. Its motives, expansion strategies and entry mode chosen in setting up its operations abroad are deeply analyzed. This study discovered that internationalisation process that Malaysian firm experienced is not similar to the internationalisation process that are discussed in the literature which were based on firms from developed economies. TM as a government linked firms internationalise by utilizing its ownership advantages as other MNCs, but the efforts were more driven by opportunities and government linkages rather than other factors.