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Diaa Ibrahim

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Mostafa Elshobary

Tanta University

Anahita Shariat

Kamal A . Qureshi

Qassim University

Mariusz Jaremko

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Piotr Rybarczyk

Tammy Overstreet

Andrews University

Pietro Massimiliano Bianco

ISPRA

Sultan Qaboos University

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Papers by Diaa Ibrahim

REMEDIATION CAPACITY AND GROWTH RESPONSES OF Platanus orientalis L., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn., and Populus nigra L. TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF LEAD AND CHROMIUM IN CONTAMINATED SOIL

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of contaminated soil with lead and chromium using... more This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of contaminated soil with lead and chromium using three species of trees Platanus orientalis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Populus nigra as a remediation tool which considers as a priority restoring method to keep healthy soil which support life system for all organisms. The experiment was conducted with three concentrations of Pb (200,400, and 600 mg.kg-1) and three levels of Cr (100, 200, and 300 mg.kg-1) along with control. The results reveals that root dry weight for orientale plane and poplar tree were reduced meanwhile, eucalyptus showed significant increase at 200 and 400 mg.kg-1 of lead. Shoot dry weight of poplar revealed a stimulatory effect (187.26, and 193.5 g) at 200 and 400 mg.kg-1 of lead respectively. Chlorophyl content decreased significantly linearly with the increasing the concentration of Pb and Cr. At the same time, proline content showed the highest values ((76.53, 35.325, and 45.020 µmoles. g-1) at 300 mg.kg-1 o...

Effect of Drought and Salicylic Acid on Vegitive Growth and Prolin Accumulation of Two Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Plants

المجلة العربية للعلوم الزراعية

Current study was conducted during one growing season from March to July, 2021 in local farm unde... more Current study was conducted during one growing season from March to July, 2021 in local farm under field conditions via plastic pots, in Biology Department/ Faculty of Science / University of Zakho-Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The experiment comprises studying soaking two local cowpea seeds, Iraqi and American cultivar in both 250 ppm of salicylic acid and distal water for four hours separately before planting. In addition to utilizing foliar spraying of 250 ppm of salicylic acid at three stages, vegetative (4 th true leaf stage), starting flowering stage and without spraying as a control treatment. and the effects of drought in three levels, control with continuous irrigation, three and five days of water deficit at flowering stage, followed by continuous daily irrigation (75% from field capacity) till the harvest date of the experiment. The results showed that immersion the seeds will promote seed germination percentage, plant length, number of flowers, shoot fresh weight, roots fresh weight, roots length, shoots dry weight, roots dry weight and proline accumulation. Moreover, the growth reduced as a result of water shortage due to water stress except roots length which were increased. Proline concentrations increased by rising the period of water withholding from 3 to 5 days compared to continuous irrigated treatment (control). Meanwhile, salicylic acid stimulates the accumulation amount of proline in stressed plant leaves. The Iraqi cultivar exceed the American cultivar in: seed germination percentage, plant length, number of flowers, root fresh weight, root length and roots dry weight, while the American cultivar surpasses the Iraqi cultivar in: number of branches, number of leaves, leaves area, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and proline concentration.

In Vitro Micropropagation of Vitis Vinifera L. in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Science Journal of University of Zakho, 2015

This investigation was carried out at plant biotechnology laboratories of Scientific Research Cen... more This investigation was carried out at plant biotechnology laboratories of Scientific Research Center in Faculty of Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, during the period from April 2013 to January 2014. The objectives of the study were to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators in micropropagation on two local cultivars of grapes Vitis vinifera L. The most effective explant disinfestations were obtained by using NaOCl in a ratio of 1:1 water for 10 min which was very effective in reducing contamination in the established cultures resulting in a higher percentage of contaminations free cultures. At initiation stage, the highest initiation rate was achieved by using specific concentrations of BA on basal MS media. At multiplication stage, BA alone and BA combined with GA 3 which was showed different responses in the measured parameters. At rooting formation stage two auxins were tested including IAA and NAA to estimate their ability for root formation. The in vitro propagated of grape plantlets were gradually transferred in successful way from lab. To field conditions, which didn't showed any morphological abnormalities.

Assessment the Response of Chickpea Genotypes to Agrobacterium -Mediated Transformation System

Science Journal of University of Zakho, 2016

Transformation protocol based on the inoculation of chickpea mature embryos with Agrobacterium su... more Transformation protocol based on the inoculation of chickpea mature embryos with Agrobacterium suspension was carried out. Four chickpea lines and one Iraqi local variety were used as recipient to the foreign gene of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain (AgL1). Three plasmids were already inserted in the bacteria cells. The first plasmid carries the bar gene coding for phosphinothricin acetyle transferase (PAT), which confers resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin or glofosinate ammonium(PPT) and uidA (gusA) gene coding for βglucuronidase (GUS). The other two plasmids carried the LeEREBP gene which confers drought resistance and bar gene coding for phosphinothricin acetyle transferase (PAT). Successfully regenerated explants were subjected to selection pressure on 10 mg /l of phosphinothricin PPT and the putative transgenic explants were rooted on root induction medium consisting of MS basal medium with B5 medium vitamins supplemented with 2.5 ml of 1mg /ml IBA in addition to grafting on 7 days old non-transformed rootstock. PCR approved transgenic chickpea. 600 mg/l of PPT was used by painting the leaves of surviving plants to detect the expression of bar gene which encodes for phosphinothricin acetyle transferase and confirmed herbicide resistance in transgenic plants.

Characterization of Crude Lipoxygenase from Natural and Callus Extracts of Carrot

ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2017

The present work was designed to characterize crude carrot lipoxygenase activity from natural and... more The present work was designed to characterize crude carrot lipoxygenase activity from natural and callus extract specially induced with help of plant growth regulators. Characterization of carrot lipoxygenase offers the potential of rising scientific facts that can support the determination of optimum processing at which the detrimental effects of this enzyme are minimized. Lipoxygenase activity was assayed by using spectrophotometric method. Optimal activity of crude lipoxygenase was found at pH 6 and 7 for natural carrot and callus extracts respectively. The kinetic parameters determined under the best conditions were a Michaelis constant (K M ) of 0.004 M and 0.001 M, while the values obtained for the maximum rate (V max ) were 1250 units and 1000 units for the lipoxygenase from natural carrot and callus extracts respectively. Crude lipoxygenase activity that extract from natural and callus of carrot was increased at temperature 45 C and 50 C

Impact of Regional Distribution and Air Pollution on Internal Structure of Melia Azedarach L. Leaves

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2021

This study was performed to investigate the impact of air pollution on leaf area and anatomical f... more This study was performed to investigate the impact of air pollution on leaf area and anatomical features of Melia azedarach L. trees, in urban areas with three demographical classes: location (I) industrial area, location (II) roadside area and free parts (control area) as a location (III) of Duhok city/Kurdistan Region-Iraq, during July 2021. The results demonstrated that the leaf area of selected plants' leaves in location I had reduced with no noticeable change in the average stomata density in the three locations I, II and Ⅲ. Meanwhile, the results of the most anatomical features of the blade (blade, lower cuticle, epidermis (both upper and lower) thickness, palisade layer height and spongy parenchyma width) in addition to midrib parameters (epidermis thickness (upper and lower), collenchyma and parenchyma layer width, phloem and xylem width and pith diameter) were decreased in both locations I, II, and with well-developed anatomical features in location III.

Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Two Tomato Cultivars (Lycopersicon Esculentum MILL.) CV. Sandra and Rocky

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2021

An efficient protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato cultivars Sandra and Ro... more An efficient protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato cultivars Sandra and Rocky was conducted to examine the possibility of producing transgenic tomato plants cultivars harbouring the nptII gene, conferring kanamycin resistance. To achieve this aim, tomato cotyledon explants were transformed using EHA105 Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain harboring the binary vectors pBI121 which contains Gus gene, and neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) as selectable marker gene under the control of a CaMV35S promoter and nopaline synthase (nos) Terminator. Transformant detection was carried out in three distinct ways. First antibiotic selection, Kanamycin at a concentration of100 mgl-1 found to be efficient for this purpose. Second histochemical GUS assay revealed the presence of blue colored zones in a number of shoots and leaves for both in vitro and the greenhouse-grown transgenic plants. Third PCR analysis indicated positive result by showing the fragment for nptII gene i...

Multiple Shoots Production from Shoot Tips of Fig Tree (Ficus carica L.) and Callus Induction from Leaf Segments

by Diaa Ibrahim and Belan Khalil

Cultivated fig (Ficus carica L.) is commonly grown in Kurdistan Region of Iraq for garden specime... more Cultivated fig (Ficus carica L.) is commonly grown in Kurdistan Region of Iraq for garden specimen as well as fruit tree with some propagation difficulties. For rapid clonal propagation of this plant, the shoot apices from actively growing adult plants, were excised and cultured on MS medium supplemented with various combinations of growth regulators to induce shoot proliferation and subsequent rooting. Following 4 weeks of incubation, the shoot tips grew into 4cm tall shoots in a medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l BAP. The effects of the cytokinins BAP and kinetin were tested for their ability to induce shoot multiplication, while the auxins IBA and NAA were tested for rooting, leaf disc explants of fig were used as a starting material for callus induction. Explants were cultured on MS medium having different concentrations of plant regulators (kinetin and 2, 4-D). The results revealed that the optimal concentration for shoot multiplication ranged between 0.5 and 3.0 mg/l BAP. No ben...

Organogenesis of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Sandra and Rocky by Hypocotyl, Cotyledon and Leaf Explants

المجلة العربیة للعلوم الزراعیة, 2020

In vitro regeneration protocols were established for two Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) c... more In vitro regeneration protocols were established for two Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars (Sandra and Rocky) grown in Kurdistan region using hypocotyl, cotyledonous leaves and leaf explants. The explants excised from 12-15 days old of in vitro plantlets cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. High organogenesis percentage (100%) was achieved from hypocotyl grown in MS medium augmented with 1.0mgl-1 BA+ 0.5mgl-1 kinetin, which record approximately 3.75 in Sandra and 4.09 in Rocky cultivar as average number of shoots produced from each explant. While the highest organogenesis percentage (100%) was formed from cotyledon leaves using 1.5 mgl-1 BA+0.5mgl-1 kinetin that gave around 3.5 in Sandra cultivar as average number of shoots / explant. In contrast, the highest organogenesis was found on MS medium supplemented with 2.0mgl-1 BA+1.0 mgl-1 kinetin and the average number of shoots produced from each explant were approximately 3.17 in Rocky cultivar. The results of combination between 5.0mgl-1 BA with (0.0, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0)mgl-1 NAA, indicated that the highest organogenesis percentage was recorded from hypocotyl (91.67 % with 6.5 shoots/explant and 66.67% with 4.0 shoots/ explant) in Sandra and Rocky cultivars respectively grown on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mgl-1 BA alone. While the highest organogenesis percentage (100%) was induced from 11 3 cotyledonous leaves in both cultivars (3.67 shoots for Sandra and 3.08 for Rocky) on MS medium supplemented with 5.0mgl-1 BA +0.2mgl-1 NAA. Meanwhile, the highest organogenesis percentage was obtained from leaf explants for both cultivars on the combination of 1.0mgl-1 BA +0.5mgl-1 kinetin, (77.78% and 66.67%) in Sandra and Rocky cultivars respectively. The regenerated plants were successfully transplanted to the field for acclimatization Keywords

In vitroDrought Tolerant of Rootstock Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and Pear (Pyrus calleryana)

Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A, 2013

Clustering is the process of finding underlying group structures in data. Although mixture model-... more Clustering is the process of finding underlying group structures in data. Although mixture model-based clustering is firmly established in the multivariate case, there is a relative paucity of work on matrix variate distributions and none for clustering with mixtures of skewed matrix variate distributions. Four finite mixtures of skewed matrix variate distributions are considered. Parameter estimation is carried out using an expectation-conditional maximization algorithm, and both simulated and real data are used for illustration.

Efficient Protocol of Micropropagation, and Organogenesis of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Plants via Stem and Leaf Segments

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2016

A highly efficient plant propagation protocol was developed for Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. usin... more A highly efficient plant propagation protocol was developed for Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. using nodal shoot segments. Different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) singly or in combination with both GA 3 and adenine sulfate. Use of BAP at 0.5 mg/l combination with 20 mg/l adenine sulfate induced the highest frequency (100%) of shoot induction as well as maximum number of shoots per explant (10.6) followed by using the combination of 1.5 mg/l BAP with 0.5 mg/l GA 3 which create 6.76 shoot /explants, while lower number of shoot/explants (5.88) was recorded in MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP and the proliferated shoot clumps were further multiplied and elongated. The highest rooting frequency (77.8%) as well as highest number of roots (4.9) was observed in full strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l Indole-acetic acid (IAA). In order to study the effects of organs culture (stem and leaf) in vitro culture of poinsettia, shoot regeneration frequently was 100% when the stem explants were placed on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l BAP combination with 0.2 mg/l of NAA. Highest number of shoots per explant (6.95) was recorded followed by (5.83) shoots per explants in MS medium containing BAP 0.5 mg/l combination with GA 3 0.1 mg/l. Shoot regeneration from Leaf explants reached 77.73% when the leaf explants were placed on MS medium containing BAP 1.0 mg/l combination with 0.2 mg/l of IAA and highest number of shoots per explant (3.00) was recorded. Regenerated plantlets were acclimatized successfully in the green house and finally transplanted in the pots.

New protocol of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in vitro propagation

Innovaciencia Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 2018

Introduction: A successful in vitro propagation system was developed for Sandra and Rocky cultiva... more Introduction: A successful in vitro propagation system was developed for Sandra and Rocky cultivars of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) commonly grown in Kurdistan Region of Iraq by in vitro culture of shoot tips and node explants. Methods: Shoot tip and node explants were excised and cultured on basal MS medium containing several concentrations of BAP and Zeatin. Results: Multiple shoots formation of up to 2 shoots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 Zeatin in node and shoot explants for the two cultivars. Microshoots were tested for root initiation on full MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA, NAA and IAA. The best root formation was observed on a medium containing 1.0 mgl-1 IAA in Sandra cultivar and 0.5 mgl-1 of NAA in rocky cultivar. Conclusion: The regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized and transplanted to the open field conditions.

Response of Running Shoot tips of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa) for in vitro Propagation in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2016

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa) is grown for its excellent food and nutritional value in many par... more Strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa) is grown for its excellent food and nutritional value in many parts of the world. The main objective of this study was to optimize an efficient, reliable and economical protocol for In vitro propagation of strawberry plants. The effect of BAP (6-Benzyl amino purine) alone or combined with (Gibberellic acid, Kinetin, IBA) and the effects of TDZ (Thidiazuron) on shoot proliferation of strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa) has been evaluated. It has been noticed that 2.0 mgl-1 BAP combination with 0.25 mgl-1 IBA able to generate the maximum number of shoots / explants (6.375) with high shoot length (0.675 cm) and high leaves number /explants (19.0). On the other hand, presence of 1.5 mgl-1 of TDZ in the nutrient medium increased the shoot number/explants to (7.335) as compared to BAP treatments. The proliferated shoots were subjected to full strength MS media supplemented with 0.75 mgl-1 IAA give the optimal ratio of rooting.

Plant Regeneration from Shoot Tips-derived Callus of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)

American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2015

A protocol was described to regenerate plants from callus culture of ginger (Zingiber officinale ... more A protocol was described to regenerate plants from callus culture of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). Callus cultures were induced from ginger shoot tips inverted cultured on semi-solid MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (0.5-1.0 mg L -1 ) and BA (0.51.0 mg L -1 ). Maximum callus induction was obtained on MS medium supplemented with BA (0.5 mg L -1 ) either alone or with 2,4-D (0.5 – 1.0 mg L), while the highest callus weight was on MS medium supplemented with BA (0.5 mg L -1 ) and 2,4-D (0.5 mg L -1 ). Induced callus was tested for regeneration on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D and BA and the best regeneration was observed on a medium containing 2.5 mg L -1 BA. The regenerated plants were rooted and successfully established in the field after few days of acclimatization.

REMEDIATION CAPACITY AND GROWTH RESPONSES OF Platanus orientalis L., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn., and Populus nigra L. TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF LEAD AND CHROMIUM IN CONTAMINATED SOIL

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of contaminated soil with lead and chromium using... more This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of contaminated soil with lead and chromium using three species of trees Platanus orientalis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Populus nigra as a remediation tool which considers as a priority restoring method to keep healthy soil which support life system for all organisms. The experiment was conducted with three concentrations of Pb (200,400, and 600 mg.kg-1) and three levels of Cr (100, 200, and 300 mg.kg-1) along with control. The results reveals that root dry weight for orientale plane and poplar tree were reduced meanwhile, eucalyptus showed significant increase at 200 and 400 mg.kg-1 of lead. Shoot dry weight of poplar revealed a stimulatory effect (187.26, and 193.5 g) at 200 and 400 mg.kg-1 of lead respectively. Chlorophyl content decreased significantly linearly with the increasing the concentration of Pb and Cr. At the same time, proline content showed the highest values ((76.53, 35.325, and 45.020 µmoles. g-1) at 300 mg.kg-1 o...

Effect of Drought and Salicylic Acid on Vegitive Growth and Prolin Accumulation of Two Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Plants

المجلة العربية للعلوم الزراعية

Current study was conducted during one growing season from March to July, 2021 in local farm unde... more Current study was conducted during one growing season from March to July, 2021 in local farm under field conditions via plastic pots, in Biology Department/ Faculty of Science / University of Zakho-Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The experiment comprises studying soaking two local cowpea seeds, Iraqi and American cultivar in both 250 ppm of salicylic acid and distal water for four hours separately before planting. In addition to utilizing foliar spraying of 250 ppm of salicylic acid at three stages, vegetative (4 th true leaf stage), starting flowering stage and without spraying as a control treatment. and the effects of drought in three levels, control with continuous irrigation, three and five days of water deficit at flowering stage, followed by continuous daily irrigation (75% from field capacity) till the harvest date of the experiment. The results showed that immersion the seeds will promote seed germination percentage, plant length, number of flowers, shoot fresh weight, roots fresh weight, roots length, shoots dry weight, roots dry weight and proline accumulation. Moreover, the growth reduced as a result of water shortage due to water stress except roots length which were increased. Proline concentrations increased by rising the period of water withholding from 3 to 5 days compared to continuous irrigated treatment (control). Meanwhile, salicylic acid stimulates the accumulation amount of proline in stressed plant leaves. The Iraqi cultivar exceed the American cultivar in: seed germination percentage, plant length, number of flowers, root fresh weight, root length and roots dry weight, while the American cultivar surpasses the Iraqi cultivar in: number of branches, number of leaves, leaves area, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and proline concentration.

In Vitro Micropropagation of Vitis Vinifera L. in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Science Journal of University of Zakho, 2015

This investigation was carried out at plant biotechnology laboratories of Scientific Research Cen... more This investigation was carried out at plant biotechnology laboratories of Scientific Research Center in Faculty of Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, during the period from April 2013 to January 2014. The objectives of the study were to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators in micropropagation on two local cultivars of grapes Vitis vinifera L. The most effective explant disinfestations were obtained by using NaOCl in a ratio of 1:1 water for 10 min which was very effective in reducing contamination in the established cultures resulting in a higher percentage of contaminations free cultures. At initiation stage, the highest initiation rate was achieved by using specific concentrations of BA on basal MS media. At multiplication stage, BA alone and BA combined with GA 3 which was showed different responses in the measured parameters. At rooting formation stage two auxins were tested including IAA and NAA to estimate their ability for root formation. The in vitro propagated of grape plantlets were gradually transferred in successful way from lab. To field conditions, which didn't showed any morphological abnormalities.

Assessment the Response of Chickpea Genotypes to Agrobacterium -Mediated Transformation System

Science Journal of University of Zakho, 2016

Transformation protocol based on the inoculation of chickpea mature embryos with Agrobacterium su... more Transformation protocol based on the inoculation of chickpea mature embryos with Agrobacterium suspension was carried out. Four chickpea lines and one Iraqi local variety were used as recipient to the foreign gene of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain (AgL1). Three plasmids were already inserted in the bacteria cells. The first plasmid carries the bar gene coding for phosphinothricin acetyle transferase (PAT), which confers resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin or glofosinate ammonium(PPT) and uidA (gusA) gene coding for βglucuronidase (GUS). The other two plasmids carried the LeEREBP gene which confers drought resistance and bar gene coding for phosphinothricin acetyle transferase (PAT). Successfully regenerated explants were subjected to selection pressure on 10 mg /l of phosphinothricin PPT and the putative transgenic explants were rooted on root induction medium consisting of MS basal medium with B5 medium vitamins supplemented with 2.5 ml of 1mg /ml IBA in addition to grafting on 7 days old non-transformed rootstock. PCR approved transgenic chickpea. 600 mg/l of PPT was used by painting the leaves of surviving plants to detect the expression of bar gene which encodes for phosphinothricin acetyle transferase and confirmed herbicide resistance in transgenic plants.

Characterization of Crude Lipoxygenase from Natural and Callus Extracts of Carrot

ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2017

The present work was designed to characterize crude carrot lipoxygenase activity from natural and... more The present work was designed to characterize crude carrot lipoxygenase activity from natural and callus extract specially induced with help of plant growth regulators. Characterization of carrot lipoxygenase offers the potential of rising scientific facts that can support the determination of optimum processing at which the detrimental effects of this enzyme are minimized. Lipoxygenase activity was assayed by using spectrophotometric method. Optimal activity of crude lipoxygenase was found at pH 6 and 7 for natural carrot and callus extracts respectively. The kinetic parameters determined under the best conditions were a Michaelis constant (K M ) of 0.004 M and 0.001 M, while the values obtained for the maximum rate (V max ) were 1250 units and 1000 units for the lipoxygenase from natural carrot and callus extracts respectively. Crude lipoxygenase activity that extract from natural and callus of carrot was increased at temperature 45 C and 50 C

Impact of Regional Distribution and Air Pollution on Internal Structure of Melia Azedarach L. Leaves

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2021

This study was performed to investigate the impact of air pollution on leaf area and anatomical f... more This study was performed to investigate the impact of air pollution on leaf area and anatomical features of Melia azedarach L. trees, in urban areas with three demographical classes: location (I) industrial area, location (II) roadside area and free parts (control area) as a location (III) of Duhok city/Kurdistan Region-Iraq, during July 2021. The results demonstrated that the leaf area of selected plants' leaves in location I had reduced with no noticeable change in the average stomata density in the three locations I, II and Ⅲ. Meanwhile, the results of the most anatomical features of the blade (blade, lower cuticle, epidermis (both upper and lower) thickness, palisade layer height and spongy parenchyma width) in addition to midrib parameters (epidermis thickness (upper and lower), collenchyma and parenchyma layer width, phloem and xylem width and pith diameter) were decreased in both locations I, II, and with well-developed anatomical features in location III.

Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Two Tomato Cultivars (Lycopersicon Esculentum MILL.) CV. Sandra and Rocky

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2021

An efficient protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato cultivars Sandra and Ro... more An efficient protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato cultivars Sandra and Rocky was conducted to examine the possibility of producing transgenic tomato plants cultivars harbouring the nptII gene, conferring kanamycin resistance. To achieve this aim, tomato cotyledon explants were transformed using EHA105 Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain harboring the binary vectors pBI121 which contains Gus gene, and neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) as selectable marker gene under the control of a CaMV35S promoter and nopaline synthase (nos) Terminator. Transformant detection was carried out in three distinct ways. First antibiotic selection, Kanamycin at a concentration of100 mgl-1 found to be efficient for this purpose. Second histochemical GUS assay revealed the presence of blue colored zones in a number of shoots and leaves for both in vitro and the greenhouse-grown transgenic plants. Third PCR analysis indicated positive result by showing the fragment for nptII gene i...

Multiple Shoots Production from Shoot Tips of Fig Tree (Ficus carica L.) and Callus Induction from Leaf Segments

by Diaa Ibrahim and Belan Khalil

Cultivated fig (Ficus carica L.) is commonly grown in Kurdistan Region of Iraq for garden specime... more Cultivated fig (Ficus carica L.) is commonly grown in Kurdistan Region of Iraq for garden specimen as well as fruit tree with some propagation difficulties. For rapid clonal propagation of this plant, the shoot apices from actively growing adult plants, were excised and cultured on MS medium supplemented with various combinations of growth regulators to induce shoot proliferation and subsequent rooting. Following 4 weeks of incubation, the shoot tips grew into 4cm tall shoots in a medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l BAP. The effects of the cytokinins BAP and kinetin were tested for their ability to induce shoot multiplication, while the auxins IBA and NAA were tested for rooting, leaf disc explants of fig were used as a starting material for callus induction. Explants were cultured on MS medium having different concentrations of plant regulators (kinetin and 2, 4-D). The results revealed that the optimal concentration for shoot multiplication ranged between 0.5 and 3.0 mg/l BAP. No ben...

Organogenesis of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Sandra and Rocky by Hypocotyl, Cotyledon and Leaf Explants

المجلة العربیة للعلوم الزراعیة, 2020

In vitro regeneration protocols were established for two Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) c... more In vitro regeneration protocols were established for two Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars (Sandra and Rocky) grown in Kurdistan region using hypocotyl, cotyledonous leaves and leaf explants. The explants excised from 12-15 days old of in vitro plantlets cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. High organogenesis percentage (100%) was achieved from hypocotyl grown in MS medium augmented with 1.0mgl-1 BA+ 0.5mgl-1 kinetin, which record approximately 3.75 in Sandra and 4.09 in Rocky cultivar as average number of shoots produced from each explant. While the highest organogenesis percentage (100%) was formed from cotyledon leaves using 1.5 mgl-1 BA+0.5mgl-1 kinetin that gave around 3.5 in Sandra cultivar as average number of shoots / explant. In contrast, the highest organogenesis was found on MS medium supplemented with 2.0mgl-1 BA+1.0 mgl-1 kinetin and the average number of shoots produced from each explant were approximately 3.17 in Rocky cultivar. The results of combination between 5.0mgl-1 BA with (0.0, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0)mgl-1 NAA, indicated that the highest organogenesis percentage was recorded from hypocotyl (91.67 % with 6.5 shoots/explant and 66.67% with 4.0 shoots/ explant) in Sandra and Rocky cultivars respectively grown on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mgl-1 BA alone. While the highest organogenesis percentage (100%) was induced from 11 3 cotyledonous leaves in both cultivars (3.67 shoots for Sandra and 3.08 for Rocky) on MS medium supplemented with 5.0mgl-1 BA +0.2mgl-1 NAA. Meanwhile, the highest organogenesis percentage was obtained from leaf explants for both cultivars on the combination of 1.0mgl-1 BA +0.5mgl-1 kinetin, (77.78% and 66.67%) in Sandra and Rocky cultivars respectively. The regenerated plants were successfully transplanted to the field for acclimatization Keywords

In vitroDrought Tolerant of Rootstock Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and Pear (Pyrus calleryana)

Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A, 2013

Clustering is the process of finding underlying group structures in data. Although mixture model-... more Clustering is the process of finding underlying group structures in data. Although mixture model-based clustering is firmly established in the multivariate case, there is a relative paucity of work on matrix variate distributions and none for clustering with mixtures of skewed matrix variate distributions. Four finite mixtures of skewed matrix variate distributions are considered. Parameter estimation is carried out using an expectation-conditional maximization algorithm, and both simulated and real data are used for illustration.

Efficient Protocol of Micropropagation, and Organogenesis of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Plants via Stem and Leaf Segments

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2016

A highly efficient plant propagation protocol was developed for Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. usin... more A highly efficient plant propagation protocol was developed for Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. using nodal shoot segments. Different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) singly or in combination with both GA 3 and adenine sulfate. Use of BAP at 0.5 mg/l combination with 20 mg/l adenine sulfate induced the highest frequency (100%) of shoot induction as well as maximum number of shoots per explant (10.6) followed by using the combination of 1.5 mg/l BAP with 0.5 mg/l GA 3 which create 6.76 shoot /explants, while lower number of shoot/explants (5.88) was recorded in MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP and the proliferated shoot clumps were further multiplied and elongated. The highest rooting frequency (77.8%) as well as highest number of roots (4.9) was observed in full strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l Indole-acetic acid (IAA). In order to study the effects of organs culture (stem and leaf) in vitro culture of poinsettia, shoot regeneration frequently was 100% when the stem explants were placed on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l BAP combination with 0.2 mg/l of NAA. Highest number of shoots per explant (6.95) was recorded followed by (5.83) shoots per explants in MS medium containing BAP 0.5 mg/l combination with GA 3 0.1 mg/l. Shoot regeneration from Leaf explants reached 77.73% when the leaf explants were placed on MS medium containing BAP 1.0 mg/l combination with 0.2 mg/l of IAA and highest number of shoots per explant (3.00) was recorded. Regenerated plantlets were acclimatized successfully in the green house and finally transplanted in the pots.

New protocol of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in vitro propagation

Innovaciencia Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 2018

Introduction: A successful in vitro propagation system was developed for Sandra and Rocky cultiva... more Introduction: A successful in vitro propagation system was developed for Sandra and Rocky cultivars of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) commonly grown in Kurdistan Region of Iraq by in vitro culture of shoot tips and node explants. Methods: Shoot tip and node explants were excised and cultured on basal MS medium containing several concentrations of BAP and Zeatin. Results: Multiple shoots formation of up to 2 shoots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 Zeatin in node and shoot explants for the two cultivars. Microshoots were tested for root initiation on full MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA, NAA and IAA. The best root formation was observed on a medium containing 1.0 mgl-1 IAA in Sandra cultivar and 0.5 mgl-1 of NAA in rocky cultivar. Conclusion: The regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized and transplanted to the open field conditions.

Response of Running Shoot tips of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa) for in vitro Propagation in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2016

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa) is grown for its excellent food and nutritional value in many par... more Strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa) is grown for its excellent food and nutritional value in many parts of the world. The main objective of this study was to optimize an efficient, reliable and economical protocol for In vitro propagation of strawberry plants. The effect of BAP (6-Benzyl amino purine) alone or combined with (Gibberellic acid, Kinetin, IBA) and the effects of TDZ (Thidiazuron) on shoot proliferation of strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa) has been evaluated. It has been noticed that 2.0 mgl-1 BAP combination with 0.25 mgl-1 IBA able to generate the maximum number of shoots / explants (6.375) with high shoot length (0.675 cm) and high leaves number /explants (19.0). On the other hand, presence of 1.5 mgl-1 of TDZ in the nutrient medium increased the shoot number/explants to (7.335) as compared to BAP treatments. The proliferated shoots were subjected to full strength MS media supplemented with 0.75 mgl-1 IAA give the optimal ratio of rooting.

Plant Regeneration from Shoot Tips-derived Callus of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)

American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2015

A protocol was described to regenerate plants from callus culture of ginger (Zingiber officinale ... more A protocol was described to regenerate plants from callus culture of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). Callus cultures were induced from ginger shoot tips inverted cultured on semi-solid MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (0.5-1.0 mg L -1 ) and BA (0.51.0 mg L -1 ). Maximum callus induction was obtained on MS medium supplemented with BA (0.5 mg L -1 ) either alone or with 2,4-D (0.5 – 1.0 mg L), while the highest callus weight was on MS medium supplemented with BA (0.5 mg L -1 ) and 2,4-D (0.5 mg L -1 ). Induced callus was tested for regeneration on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D and BA and the best regeneration was observed on a medium containing 2.5 mg L -1 BA. The regenerated plants were rooted and successfully established in the field after few days of acclimatization.