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Johan Strang

University of Helsinki, Centre for Nordic Studies, Faculty Member

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Philosopher by training, historian by profession, and Nordic studies specialist as a teacher and public expert. My research interests include Nordic intellectual history, politics and society. More specifically, I have published on the history of analytic philosophy, Scandinavian Legal Realism, the Nordic welfare state, Nordic democracy and Nordic cooperation.
Address: Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland

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Papers by Johan Strang

European challenge to Nordic institutional cooperation: Past, present and future

Pohjoismaiden Yhteisöt

Alkusanat Lyhyesti 6 1⋅ Pohjoismainen yhteenkuuluvuus ja Pohjoismaiden Yhteisöt 16 i. Pohjoismaat... more Alkusanat Lyhyesti 6 1⋅ Pohjoismainen yhteenkuuluvuus ja Pohjoismaiden Yhteisöt 16 i. Pohjoismaat maailmassa ja Euroopassa ii. Stoltenbergin ja Wetterbergin mallit iii. Pohjoismaiden Yhteisöt iv. Demokratian haaste v. Pohjoismainen yhteenkuuluvuus 2⋅ Keskeiset politiikan alat 34 i. Ulko-ja turvallisuuspolitiikka ii. EU-politiikka 40 iii. Talous ja hyvinvointipolitiikka 42 iv. Ympäristö-ja energiapolitiikka v. Tutkimus, innovaatiot ja koulutus vi. Kulttuuri ja kielet vii. Juridiikka ja lainsäädäntö Pohjoismaiden parlamenteissa keväällä 2012 käydyt rajaestekeskustelut olivat suuri menestys ja voisivat muodostua perinteeksi. Ensi vuonna olisi paikallaan keskustella puolustuspolitiikasta, minkä jälkeen voitaisiin esimerkiksi käsitellä ympäristö-ja energiakysymyksiä tai tutkimusyhteistyötä.

Positivism in the Northern Peripheries: Generations of Positivist Philosophers in Sweden and Its Neighboring Countries

Scandinavian philosophy, generally speaking, has had an empiristical bias of a rather moderate an... more Scandinavian philosophy, generally speaking, has had an empiristical bias of a rather moderate and compromising character which perhaps is not as wise as it looks, but which on the other hand might have saved us from the metaphysical flights which have made some philosophers in other countries a little mad." 1 In his talk on "The Development of Empiricism in Scandinavia" at the First Congress for the Unity of Science in Paris 1935, 2 the Danish logical empiricist Jørgen Jørgensen (1894-1969) argued that even if there were very few internationally renowned names in the history of Scandinavian positivism, Nordic philosophy and science was marked by a general and modest inclination towards empiricism. According to Jørgensen intellectual life in small peripheral countries like the Nordic ones is by 1 Jørgen Jørgensen (1936) 'The Development of Empiricism in Scandinavia', in: Actes du congrés international de

Histories of Knowledge in Postwar Scandinavia

Lund University Publications (Lund University), Jun 4, 2020

Histories of Knowledge in Postwar Scandinavia uses case studies to explore how knowledge circulat... more Histories of Knowledge in Postwar Scandinavia uses case studies to explore how knowledge circulated in the different public arenas that shaped politics, economics, and cultural life in and across postwar Scandinavia, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s. This book focuses on a period when the term "knowledge society" was coined and rapidly found traction. In Scandinavia, society's relationship to rational forms of knowledge became vital to the self-understanding and political ambitions of the era. Taking advantage of contemporary discussions about the circulation, arenas, forms, applications, and actors of knowledge, contributors examine various forms of knowledge-economic, environmental, humanistic, religious, political, and sexualthat provide insight into the making and functioning of postwar Scandinavian societies and offer innovative studies that contribute to the development of the history of knowledge at large. The concentration on knowledge rather than the welfare state, the Cold War, or the new social and political movements, which to date have attracted the lion's share of scholarly attention, ensures the book makes a historiographical intervention in postwar Scandinavian historiography. Offering a stimulating point of departure for those interested in the history of knowledge and the circulation of knowledge, this is a vital resource for students and scholars of postwar Scandinavia that provides fresh perspectives and new methodologies for exploration. Johan Östling is a Wallenberg Academy Fellow and the director of the Lund Centre for the History of Knowledge (LUCK). Östling's research encompasses the history of knowledge and modern European history. His recent publications include Humboldt and the

Lars Björne, Realism och skandinavisk realism. Den nordiska rättsvetenskapens historia. Del IV: 1911–1950

Historisk Tidskrift för Finland, 2008

The Rhetoric of Nordic Cooperation: From the Other Europe to the Better Europe?

De Gruyter eBooks, Dec 20, 2021

Finlandsfrågan i svensk politik (recension av Jättens Andedräkt, Krister Wahlbäck)

Nordic Countries: (Denmark-Iceland-Norway-Sweden-Finland)

Georg Henrik von Wright och Ingemar Hedenius

Routledge eBooks, Jun 4, 2020

This book gathers twelve fascinating stories about the history of knowledge in postwar Scandinavi... more This book gathers twelve fascinating stories about the history of knowledge in postwar Scandinavia. It presents us with a broad range of source materials, questions, and focal points, from government information on nuclear fallout to left-wing oppositional book cafés. In this epilogue, I reflect upon the findings of the book from the perspective of an intellectual historian of 20thcentury Norden. 1 I start by making some general outsider reflections on the emerging field of the history of knowledge, before discussing what the book contributes with regarding the role of Scandinavia in the global circulation of knowledge, the relations between the Scandinavian countries, and knowledge in the welfare state and the particular period in focus in this book, the 1960s and 1970s. As an intellectual historian, there is undoubtedly much I can symphatize with in the history of knowledge. Crucial is the focus on the historiocity and changing nature of knowledge, on the transformations and interpretations of knowledge when it travels from one context to another, and on questions regarding social and cultural authority. Trained as a philosopher, however, I cannot help that my initial reflex when confronted with the term "history of knowledge" is that of a slight concern with the unnecessary epistemological commitment that seems to follow from professing to study "knowledge" rather than "ideas". The theoretical literature on the history of knowledge has pursued this issue in a variety of ways, ranging from Philipp Sarasin's and Simone Lässig's emphasis on rationality, reason, and evidence to Peter Burke's more pragmatic approach, according to which historians of knowledge study whatever the historical actors themselves considered knowledge. 2 Only a few chapters in the book at hand dwell on these kinds of theoretical reflections. Bo Fritzbøger is one of the exceptions and seems to adopt a position close to Burke when stating that the history of knowledge studies "claims to knowledge". To me, this sounds reasonable when it comes to issues such as environmentalism, sex education, or secularisation-to mention a few of the issues covered in the book-but it remains awkwardly applicable on plainly, ostensibly, and thoroughly political ideas such as neoliberalism or Eurocommunism. What new does history of knowledge bring to our understanding of these phenomena as compared to traditional histories of ideas or intellectual/political history?

European challenge to Nordic institutional cooperation

Routledge eBooks, Jul 16, 2015

The other Europe? Scandinavian intellectuals and the fragility of democracy in the wake of World War II

Journal of Modern European History, Oct 11, 2019

It is often argued that the Scandinavian postwar period was marked by a democratic optimism that ... more It is often argued that the Scandinavian postwar period was marked by a democratic optimism that contrasts with the deep concerns for the inherent dangers of popular sovereignty and the thorough moral reconsideration that took place on the European continent in the wake of the Second World War. This article seeks to balance this view by exploring what Scandinavian intellectuals believed had caused the collapse of democracy in Europe in the 1930s and what they saw as the main threats to democracy in the emerging postwar societies. Focusing on the fears of socialist planning, concerns about the position of individual rights and freedoms in modern societies, and the anxieties concerning the secular total state, the article suggests that the Scandinavian postwar democratic settlement was indeed built around a different set of ideas from those evident in many other places in Europe, but that it was no less informed by recent historical experiences, or concerns for the fragility of democracy.

Fragments of libertarianism and neoliberal ascendancy: ideological features and limitations of the liberal breakthrough in Finland

Journal of Political Ideologies

European challenge to Nordic institutional cooperation

Nordic Cooperation

Introduction: The Nordic model of transnational cooperation

Histories of Knowledge in Postwar Scandinavia, 2020

This book gathers twelve fascinating stories about the history of knowledge in postwar Scandinavi... more This book gathers twelve fascinating stories about the history of knowledge in postwar Scandinavia. It presents us with a broad range of source materials, questions, and focal points, from government information on nuclear fallout to left-wing oppositional book cafés. In this epilogue, I reflect upon the findings of the book from the perspective of an intellectual historian of 20thcentury Norden. 1 I start by making some general outsider reflections on the emerging field of the history of knowledge, before discussing what the book contributes with regarding the role of Scandinavia in the global circulation of knowledge, the relations between the Scandinavian countries, and knowledge in the welfare state and the particular period in focus in this book, the 1960s and 1970s. As an intellectual historian, there is undoubtedly much I can symphatize with in the history of knowledge. Crucial is the focus on the historiocity and changing nature of knowledge, on the transformations and interpretations of knowledge when it travels from one context to another, and on questions regarding social and cultural authority. Trained as a philosopher, however, I cannot help that my initial reflex when confronted with the term "history of knowledge" is that of a slight concern with the unnecessary epistemological commitment that seems to follow from professing to study "knowledge" rather than "ideas". The theoretical literature on the history of knowledge has pursued this issue in a variety of ways, ranging from Philipp Sarasin's and Simone Lässig's emphasis on rationality, reason, and evidence to Peter Burke's more pragmatic approach, according to which historians of knowledge study whatever the historical actors themselves considered knowledge. 2 Only a few chapters in the book at hand dwell on these kinds of theoretical reflections. Bo Fritzbøger is one of the exceptions and seems to adopt a position close to Burke when stating that the history of knowledge studies "claims to knowledge". To me, this sounds reasonable when it comes to issues such as environmentalism, sex education, or secularisation-to mention a few of the issues covered in the book-but it remains awkwardly applicable on plainly, ostensibly, and thoroughly political ideas such as neoliberalism or Eurocommunism. What new does history of knowledge bring to our understanding of these phenomena as compared to traditional histories of ideas or intellectual/political history?

Anna Friberg, Demokrati bortom politiken. En begreppshistorisk analys av demokratibegreppet inom Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti 1919–1939

Why do the Nordic countries react differently to the covid-19 crisis?

Lars Björne, Realism och skandinavisk realism. Den nordiska rättsvetenskapens historia. Del IV: 1911–1950

Georg Henrik von Wright och Ingemar Hedenius : rollen som intellektuell och analytisk filosof i Finland och Sverige

Peer reviewe

European challenge to Nordic institutional cooperation: Past, present and future

Pohjoismaiden Yhteisöt

Alkusanat Lyhyesti 6 1⋅ Pohjoismainen yhteenkuuluvuus ja Pohjoismaiden Yhteisöt 16 i. Pohjoismaat... more Alkusanat Lyhyesti 6 1⋅ Pohjoismainen yhteenkuuluvuus ja Pohjoismaiden Yhteisöt 16 i. Pohjoismaat maailmassa ja Euroopassa ii. Stoltenbergin ja Wetterbergin mallit iii. Pohjoismaiden Yhteisöt iv. Demokratian haaste v. Pohjoismainen yhteenkuuluvuus 2⋅ Keskeiset politiikan alat 34 i. Ulko-ja turvallisuuspolitiikka ii. EU-politiikka 40 iii. Talous ja hyvinvointipolitiikka 42 iv. Ympäristö-ja energiapolitiikka v. Tutkimus, innovaatiot ja koulutus vi. Kulttuuri ja kielet vii. Juridiikka ja lainsäädäntö Pohjoismaiden parlamenteissa keväällä 2012 käydyt rajaestekeskustelut olivat suuri menestys ja voisivat muodostua perinteeksi. Ensi vuonna olisi paikallaan keskustella puolustuspolitiikasta, minkä jälkeen voitaisiin esimerkiksi käsitellä ympäristö-ja energiakysymyksiä tai tutkimusyhteistyötä.

Positivism in the Northern Peripheries: Generations of Positivist Philosophers in Sweden and Its Neighboring Countries

Scandinavian philosophy, generally speaking, has had an empiristical bias of a rather moderate an... more Scandinavian philosophy, generally speaking, has had an empiristical bias of a rather moderate and compromising character which perhaps is not as wise as it looks, but which on the other hand might have saved us from the metaphysical flights which have made some philosophers in other countries a little mad." 1 In his talk on "The Development of Empiricism in Scandinavia" at the First Congress for the Unity of Science in Paris 1935, 2 the Danish logical empiricist Jørgen Jørgensen (1894-1969) argued that even if there were very few internationally renowned names in the history of Scandinavian positivism, Nordic philosophy and science was marked by a general and modest inclination towards empiricism. According to Jørgensen intellectual life in small peripheral countries like the Nordic ones is by 1 Jørgen Jørgensen (1936) 'The Development of Empiricism in Scandinavia', in: Actes du congrés international de

Histories of Knowledge in Postwar Scandinavia

Lund University Publications (Lund University), Jun 4, 2020

Histories of Knowledge in Postwar Scandinavia uses case studies to explore how knowledge circulat... more Histories of Knowledge in Postwar Scandinavia uses case studies to explore how knowledge circulated in the different public arenas that shaped politics, economics, and cultural life in and across postwar Scandinavia, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s. This book focuses on a period when the term "knowledge society" was coined and rapidly found traction. In Scandinavia, society's relationship to rational forms of knowledge became vital to the self-understanding and political ambitions of the era. Taking advantage of contemporary discussions about the circulation, arenas, forms, applications, and actors of knowledge, contributors examine various forms of knowledge-economic, environmental, humanistic, religious, political, and sexualthat provide insight into the making and functioning of postwar Scandinavian societies and offer innovative studies that contribute to the development of the history of knowledge at large. The concentration on knowledge rather than the welfare state, the Cold War, or the new social and political movements, which to date have attracted the lion's share of scholarly attention, ensures the book makes a historiographical intervention in postwar Scandinavian historiography. Offering a stimulating point of departure for those interested in the history of knowledge and the circulation of knowledge, this is a vital resource for students and scholars of postwar Scandinavia that provides fresh perspectives and new methodologies for exploration. Johan Östling is a Wallenberg Academy Fellow and the director of the Lund Centre for the History of Knowledge (LUCK). Östling's research encompasses the history of knowledge and modern European history. His recent publications include Humboldt and the

Lars Björne, Realism och skandinavisk realism. Den nordiska rättsvetenskapens historia. Del IV: 1911–1950

Historisk Tidskrift för Finland, 2008

The Rhetoric of Nordic Cooperation: From the Other Europe to the Better Europe?

De Gruyter eBooks, Dec 20, 2021

Finlandsfrågan i svensk politik (recension av Jättens Andedräkt, Krister Wahlbäck)

Nordic Countries: (Denmark-Iceland-Norway-Sweden-Finland)

Georg Henrik von Wright och Ingemar Hedenius

Routledge eBooks, Jun 4, 2020

This book gathers twelve fascinating stories about the history of knowledge in postwar Scandinavi... more This book gathers twelve fascinating stories about the history of knowledge in postwar Scandinavia. It presents us with a broad range of source materials, questions, and focal points, from government information on nuclear fallout to left-wing oppositional book cafés. In this epilogue, I reflect upon the findings of the book from the perspective of an intellectual historian of 20thcentury Norden. 1 I start by making some general outsider reflections on the emerging field of the history of knowledge, before discussing what the book contributes with regarding the role of Scandinavia in the global circulation of knowledge, the relations between the Scandinavian countries, and knowledge in the welfare state and the particular period in focus in this book, the 1960s and 1970s. As an intellectual historian, there is undoubtedly much I can symphatize with in the history of knowledge. Crucial is the focus on the historiocity and changing nature of knowledge, on the transformations and interpretations of knowledge when it travels from one context to another, and on questions regarding social and cultural authority. Trained as a philosopher, however, I cannot help that my initial reflex when confronted with the term "history of knowledge" is that of a slight concern with the unnecessary epistemological commitment that seems to follow from professing to study "knowledge" rather than "ideas". The theoretical literature on the history of knowledge has pursued this issue in a variety of ways, ranging from Philipp Sarasin's and Simone Lässig's emphasis on rationality, reason, and evidence to Peter Burke's more pragmatic approach, according to which historians of knowledge study whatever the historical actors themselves considered knowledge. 2 Only a few chapters in the book at hand dwell on these kinds of theoretical reflections. Bo Fritzbøger is one of the exceptions and seems to adopt a position close to Burke when stating that the history of knowledge studies "claims to knowledge". To me, this sounds reasonable when it comes to issues such as environmentalism, sex education, or secularisation-to mention a few of the issues covered in the book-but it remains awkwardly applicable on plainly, ostensibly, and thoroughly political ideas such as neoliberalism or Eurocommunism. What new does history of knowledge bring to our understanding of these phenomena as compared to traditional histories of ideas or intellectual/political history?

European challenge to Nordic institutional cooperation

Routledge eBooks, Jul 16, 2015

The other Europe? Scandinavian intellectuals and the fragility of democracy in the wake of World War II

Journal of Modern European History, Oct 11, 2019

It is often argued that the Scandinavian postwar period was marked by a democratic optimism that ... more It is often argued that the Scandinavian postwar period was marked by a democratic optimism that contrasts with the deep concerns for the inherent dangers of popular sovereignty and the thorough moral reconsideration that took place on the European continent in the wake of the Second World War. This article seeks to balance this view by exploring what Scandinavian intellectuals believed had caused the collapse of democracy in Europe in the 1930s and what they saw as the main threats to democracy in the emerging postwar societies. Focusing on the fears of socialist planning, concerns about the position of individual rights and freedoms in modern societies, and the anxieties concerning the secular total state, the article suggests that the Scandinavian postwar democratic settlement was indeed built around a different set of ideas from those evident in many other places in Europe, but that it was no less informed by recent historical experiences, or concerns for the fragility of democracy.

Fragments of libertarianism and neoliberal ascendancy: ideological features and limitations of the liberal breakthrough in Finland

Journal of Political Ideologies

European challenge to Nordic institutional cooperation

Nordic Cooperation

Introduction: The Nordic model of transnational cooperation

Histories of Knowledge in Postwar Scandinavia, 2020

This book gathers twelve fascinating stories about the history of knowledge in postwar Scandinavi... more This book gathers twelve fascinating stories about the history of knowledge in postwar Scandinavia. It presents us with a broad range of source materials, questions, and focal points, from government information on nuclear fallout to left-wing oppositional book cafés. In this epilogue, I reflect upon the findings of the book from the perspective of an intellectual historian of 20thcentury Norden. 1 I start by making some general outsider reflections on the emerging field of the history of knowledge, before discussing what the book contributes with regarding the role of Scandinavia in the global circulation of knowledge, the relations between the Scandinavian countries, and knowledge in the welfare state and the particular period in focus in this book, the 1960s and 1970s. As an intellectual historian, there is undoubtedly much I can symphatize with in the history of knowledge. Crucial is the focus on the historiocity and changing nature of knowledge, on the transformations and interpretations of knowledge when it travels from one context to another, and on questions regarding social and cultural authority. Trained as a philosopher, however, I cannot help that my initial reflex when confronted with the term "history of knowledge" is that of a slight concern with the unnecessary epistemological commitment that seems to follow from professing to study "knowledge" rather than "ideas". The theoretical literature on the history of knowledge has pursued this issue in a variety of ways, ranging from Philipp Sarasin's and Simone Lässig's emphasis on rationality, reason, and evidence to Peter Burke's more pragmatic approach, according to which historians of knowledge study whatever the historical actors themselves considered knowledge. 2 Only a few chapters in the book at hand dwell on these kinds of theoretical reflections. Bo Fritzbøger is one of the exceptions and seems to adopt a position close to Burke when stating that the history of knowledge studies "claims to knowledge". To me, this sounds reasonable when it comes to issues such as environmentalism, sex education, or secularisation-to mention a few of the issues covered in the book-but it remains awkwardly applicable on plainly, ostensibly, and thoroughly political ideas such as neoliberalism or Eurocommunism. What new does history of knowledge bring to our understanding of these phenomena as compared to traditional histories of ideas or intellectual/political history?

Anna Friberg, Demokrati bortom politiken. En begreppshistorisk analys av demokratibegreppet inom Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti 1919–1939

Why do the Nordic countries react differently to the covid-19 crisis?

Lars Björne, Realism och skandinavisk realism. Den nordiska rättsvetenskapens historia. Del IV: 1911–1950

Georg Henrik von Wright och Ingemar Hedenius : rollen som intellektuell och analytisk filosof i Finland och Sverige

Peer reviewe

Tankens utåtvändhet

Nordic Cooperation: A European Region in Transition, Abingdon: Routledge, 2016,

The recent crises in global economy and in European integration have caused a considerable reviva... more The recent crises in global economy and in European integration have caused a considerable revival of interest in the Nordic Welfare Model. However, less attention has been given to the ways in which the nations that form Scandinavia or ‘Norden’ are connected through various forms of inter- and transnational cooperation.

With contributions from a team of experts in the field, this volume analyses Nordic cooperation in a European perspective and argues that this special form of transnational cooperation has been crucial in the development of the Nordic Welfare Model. In addition, it also contends that the Nordic model of transnational cooperation is a relevant case study when pondering the present problems of European integration.

Nordiskt samarbete i kalla krigets kölvatten: Vittnesseminarium med Uffe Ellemann-Jensen, Mats Hellström och Pär Stenbäck. Samtidshistoriska frågor 33. Huddinge: Södertörn University, 2016 (ed. with Johan Strang).

by Prof. Dr. Norbert Götz and Johan Strang

Järnridåns snabba söndervittrande rubbade på manga av de självklarheter som det nordiska samarbet... more Järnridåns snabba söndervittrande rubbade på manga av de självklarheter som det nordiska samarbetet och själva föreställningen om Norden hade byggt på under kalla kriget. De nordiska länderna skulle fi nna sin plats i ett Europa vars karta ritades om. De skulle navigera I förhållande till en accelererande europeisk integration och de baltiska ländernas självständighetsprocess.
Vad skedde med det nordiska samarbetet under denna period? I vilken mån samarbetade länderna kring dessa frågor och i vilken grad föreställde man sig en gemensam framtid för Norden i det nya Europa?
Denna publikation dokumenterar ett vittnesseminarium om det nordiska samarbetet i kalla krigets kölvatten, som arrangerades den 2 juni 2015. Deltagarna Uffe Ellemann-Jensen, Mats Hellström och Pär Stenbäck var centrala nordiska aktörer under perioden 1989–95. Seminariet och publikationen är resultatet av ett samarbete mellan Samtidshistoriska institutet vid Södertörns högskola och Centrum för Norden-studier vid Helsingfors universitet.

Rhetoric of Nordic Democracy, Helsinki:SKS, 2010 (with Jussi Kurunmäki)

Democracy is today a concept that is overwhelmingly positively evaluated almost everywhere, but e... more Democracy is today a concept that is overwhelmingly positively evaluated almost everywhere, but even the most universalistic oriented accounts generally discuss a number of paradigmatic cases such as Athenian democracy, French democracy, or American democracy. A lot has been written about socio-economic and cultural backgrounds of democratic regimes as well as their institutional settings. By contrast, not much is known about the political manoeuvres and speech acts by which “democracy” has been tied to particular regions and cultures in concrete historical situations. This book discusses a series of efforts to rhetorically produce and reproduce a particular Nordic version of democracy. It will show that the rhetorical figure “Nordic democracy” was a product of the age of totalitarianism and the Cold War. It will explore the ways in which “Nordic democracy” was used, mainly by the social democrats, to provide the welfare politics with cultural and historical legitimacy and foundations, and thus acknowledge the ideological and geopolitical context in which the “Nordic welfare state” was conceptualised and canonised.

Mellan idealism och analytisk filosofi: Den moderna filosofin i Finland och Sverige 1880-1950, Helsingfors: SLS, 2006 (with Stefan Nygård)

Scandinavian Legal Realism and Human Rights: Axel Hägerström, Alf Ross and the Persistent Attack on Natural Law

Scandinavian Legal Realism occupies a controversial space in Nordic historiography. Some celebrat... more Scandinavian Legal Realism occupies a controversial space in Nordic historiography. Some celebrate it as the legal philosophy of the democratic and egalitarian Nordic welfare state; others scorn it for having contributed a state-apologetic and rights-sceptical Nordic political culture that prioritised the common good over individual human rights. This article is motivated by an impression that a certain historical sensitivity is lacking from this discussion. Focusing on the Swedish philosopher Axel Hägerström and the Danish legal theorist Alf Ross, the article explores what the legal realists actually said about human rights and reconstructs the context and purpose of their criticism. How did they envision international law, democracy or the welfare state without human rights? How was it possible to continue the crusade against natural law after the Second World War? And is there anything to be learned from learned from their criticism at a time when we in the Nordic countries, as elsewhere, are asking ourselves many of the same fundamental questions regarding the relation between law and politics as well as the universality of human rights?

Redefining historical materialism in the peripheries of Marxism: Georges Sorel and Antonio Labriola between France, Italy, and Germany

by Tommaso Giordani and Johan Strang

Decentering European Intellectual Space, 2018

Draft version of my chapter in M.Jalava, J.Strang, S.Nygard (eds), Decentering European intellect... more