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Eloisa Manzano

University of Granada, Analytical chemistry, Department Member

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Address: Sevilla, Andalucia, Spain

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Enrique Gómez Gracia

Flinders University of South Australia

Estefania Toledo

Chibane Mohamed

Universitat de Barcelona

Jordi Salas-Salvadó

Universitat Rovira i Virgili

Karianne Svendsen

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Papers by Eloisa Manzano

Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Journal of the American Heart Association, 2016

Background Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid ( ALA ),... more Background Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid ( ALA ), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PRE vención con DI eta MED iterránea ( PREDIMED ) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption ...

Non-Invasive Study of the Pigments of a Painting on Copper with the Inscription “Boceto di Pablo Veronese” on the Back

Heritage

The palette used on a small painting on copper support, with the inscription “Boceto di Pablo Ver... more The palette used on a small painting on copper support, with the inscription “Boceto di Pablo Veronese” on the back, was characterized. Non-invasive techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and hand-held X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were proven to be highly effective for this. The objectives of the proposed work were twofold. On the one hand, the objective was the study, in situ, of the pigments of a painting on a copper support. On the other hand, it was to enrich the literature related to the study of paintings on metal supports, since few related studies are available despite the relatively large number of such 16th and 17th century paintings from Italy and Northern Europe. The results of the analysis showed a copper support with a base layer of gypsum mixed with ochre earths. Atop this layer is a sketch with lead white in the lighter areas and bone black in the darker shadow areas, suggesting that the artist performed a preliminary study of the luminosity of the scene. Finally, th...

Análisis químico y patrimonio cultural

Ciencia y desarrollo, 2008

Classification of proteinaceous binders in pictorial artworks by pattern recognition tecnique

Archaeological Chemistry: Revealing Traces of the Past

EDULEARN proceedings, Mar 1, 2017

The objective of the ARCHEM Project is twofold. First, to promote and reinforce the cooperation b... more The objective of the ARCHEM Project is twofold. First, to promote and reinforce the cooperation between the chemical and the archaeological sciences, the most important disciplines for effectively deriving the maximum amount of information from the analysis of materials recovered from excavation sites worldwide. Archaeological chemistry focuses not only on the study of ancient pottery, stone, metal, and glass, but also on new materials of interest such as archaeological soils, fibres, dyes, bone, DNA and, more recently, organic residues from ceramic sherds. In the last few years, scientists have focused on the use of analytical chemistry to identify the constituents of archaeological artefacts to find out what these objects were made from and even their provenance. The development of new analytical methods has enabled us to discern patterns of human behaviour in the past. The ARCHEM Project focuses on the characterization of the organic residues found in archaeological pottery. Therefore, this represents an innovative project that brings together two traditionally independent disciplines with the aim of obtaining high quality information about past societies. The second objective of the ARCHEM project is the development of competencies and abilities in the field of archaeological chemistry through the production of Doctoral and Master's Theses. In this way, Master's degree students (members of the ARCHEM project) will learn a new perspective approach to the study of archaeological pottery including the aspects related to the chemical analysis. Basic knowledge of chemical analysis will provide students from humanities background with the abilities for a more complete professional development in Archaeometry. In this context, the idea of adapting the teaching of analytical chemistry to students of archaeology has led the team of researchers, members of the ARCHEM project, to consider including the subject of chemistry in the Archaeology degree curriculum. This early learning of chemistry will enable undergraduate students to unravel the secrets of archaeology through chemistry.

Is the Painting Authentic? A Multi-Method Approach to Investigate the Provenance and the Authenticity of Two 20TH Century Canvas Paintings with the Signature of “Picasso”

ICERI2009 Proceedings, 2009

Spectrofluorimetric determination of traces of bromide

Mikrochimica Acta, 1994

ABSTRACT A Spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of traces of bromide has been develop... more ABSTRACT A Spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of traces of bromide has been developed. The method is based on the bromination of fluorescein after bromide and hypochlorite form bromine, giving the less fluorescent eosin. The fluorescence decrease is used as the analytical signal. The calibration graph is linear over the range 10 to 80 g/1. The detection limit is 3 g/1 and the relative standard deviation 1.0%. The method has been satisfactorily applied to the determination of bromide in natural waters.

Determination of Trace Aluminum in Natural Waters by Ion Exchanger Fluorometry

Analytical Sciences, Oct 1, 1989

Mann (2',3,4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) has been used as a igand in the fluorometric microdetermin... more Mann (2',3,4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) has been used as a igand in the fluorometric microdetermination of aluminum at the sub-µg 1-' level. A method has been developed which is based on ion exchanger fluorometry (IEF). The 1:1 aluminum-morin complex is fixed on a dextran-type cationic exchanger, and the fluorescence of the gel , packed on a 1-mm quartz cell, is measured directly using a solid-surface attachment. The concentration for the method ranges between 0.4 and 1.6 µg 1-', although this can be diminished by increasing the sample volume. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of aluminum in natural water and offers several advantages in comparison with solution methods.

Determination of Trace Exchanger Fluorometry Aluminum in Natural Waters by Ion

Mann (2',3,4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) has been used as a igand in the fluorometric microdetermin... more Mann (2',3,4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) has been used as a igand in the fluorometric microdetermination of aluminum at the sub-µg 1-' level. A method has been developed which is based on ion exchanger fluorometry (IEF). The 1:1 aluminum-morin complex is fixed on a dextran-type cationic exchanger, and the fluorescence of the gel , packed on a 1-mm quartz cell, is measured directly using a solid-surface attachment. The concentration for the method ranges between 0.4 and 1.6 µg 1-', although this can be diminished by increasing the sample volume. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of aluminum in natural water and offers several advantages in comparison with solution methods.

Simultaneous determination of aluminium and beryllium by first-derivative synchronous solid-phase spectrofluorimetry

Talanta, 1992

A method for the simultaneous determination of aluminium and beryllium in mixtures by first-derav... more A method for the simultaneous determination of aluminium and beryllium in mixtures by first-deravative synchronous solid-phase spectrofluorimetry has been developed. Aluminium and beryllium reacted with morin to give fluorescent complexes, which were fixed on a dextran-type resin. The fluoresnce of the resin, packed in a 1-mm silica cell, was measured directly with a solid-surface attachment. The constant wavelength difference chosen to optimize the determination was Deltalambda = lambda(em) = 75 nm. Aluminium was measured at lambda(em)lambda = 445/520 nm and beryllium at lambda(em)lambda(em) = 430/505 nm. The range of application is between 0.5 and 5.0 ng/ml for both aluminium and beryllium. The accuracy and precision of the method are reported. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of aluminium and beryllium in synthetic mixtures and natural waters.

Application of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry to the Study of the Proteinaceous Binders in Paint: Blue Paint Composition in the Series “The Life of Virgin” by Alonso Cano (17th Century) as a Case Study

European journal of mass spectrometry, Feb 1, 2015

The identification of proteinaceous materials in paint constituents provides very valuable inform... more The identification of proteinaceous materials in paint constituents provides very valuable information regarding the techniques used by the painter and the most suitable procedures for conserving and restoring their works. Although the analysis of proteinaceous materials is nowadays a common task when dealing with works of art, the reliable detection and identification of protein traces is still complicated, particularly when very small samples can be taken that may contain a mixture of different organic materials (oils, waxes, resins, gums etc.). We therefore proposed a proteomic approach to investigate protein materials in paintings at trace levels in order to obtain a better understanding of the painter&amp;#39;s technique. After trypsin digestion of the paint samples, mass spectra were obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and they were compared with the Mascot database and with theoretical digested proteins. This study contributes to the knowledge about the technique used by Alonso Cano (Granada, Spain, 1601–1667), one of the most original and brilliant artists from the Spanish Golden Age (17th century), in the series called the Life of the Virgin (six paintings), part of the iconographic program about the life of the Virgin Mary, nowadays seen in the main chapel of Granada Cathedral. The objective of the present study was to test the use of proteinaceous material, mainly egg yolk, in the paint used by Cano, as suggested in previous research, although this would have been unusual at that time when most artists used oil paints. Based on the results of the analysis here presented, the use of protein in the binding media can most likely be excluded.

Comparison between traditional strategies and classification technique (SIMCA) in the identification of old proteinaceous binders

Talanta, May 15, 2008

In this paper, we performed a comparison between commonly used strategies amino acid ratios (Aa r... more In this paper, we performed a comparison between commonly used strategies amino acid ratios (Aa ratios), two-dimensional ratio plots (2D-Plot) and statistical correlation factor (SCF) and a classification technique, soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA), to identify protein binders present in old artwork samples. To do this, we used a natural standard collection of proteinaceous binders prepared in our laboratory using old recipes and eleven samples coming from Cultural Heritage, such as mural and easel paintings, manuscripts and polychrome sculptures from the 15-18th centuries. Protein binder samples were hydrolyzed and their constitutive amino acids were determined as PITC-derivatives using HPLC-DAD. Amino acid profile data were used to perform the comparison between the four different strategies mentioned above. Traditional strategies can lead to ambiguous or non-conclusive results. With SIMCA, it is possible to provide a more robust and less subjective identification knowing the confidence level of identification. As a standard, we used proteinaceous albumin (whole egg, yolk and glair); casein (goat, cow and sheep) and collagen (mammalian and fish). The process results in a more robust understanding of proteinaceous binding media in old artworks that makes it possible to distinguish them according to their origin.

Metodología analítica para la identificación de residuos orgánicos en la cerámica arqueológica

Terra Sigillata Hispánica: 50 años de investigaciones, 2015, ISBN 978-88-7140-604-6, 2015

Spectroscopic study of mixtures of green copper pigments in fresh and aged model samples. Case studies on masterpieces from the Spanish Golden Age

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Chemistry in Cultural Heritage and Cultural Heritage in Chemistry. Research and Education. Painter and Sculptor: Alonso Cano’s Projects

イベリアガラスにおける考古学的残基に適用したマルチ分析的アプローチの奉納儀式における発酵飲料の消費に対する最初の証拠【Powered by NICT】

Microchemical Journal, 2016

An Interdisciplinary Approach to Teaching “Analysis of Cultural Heritage” to Undergraduate Students in Chemistry

Pottery Grave Goods from Funerary Contexts at the Argaric Site of Peñalosa (Jaén). A Methodological Approach

JOURNAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY, 2020

The need for interdisciplinary studies is the basis of ambitious research (ARCHEM Project) that i... more The need for interdisciplinary studies is the basis of ambitious research (ARCHEM Project) that is carried out in the argaric settlement of Peñalosa (Baños de la Encina, Jaén), combining organic residues analysis and techno-typological studies of pottery found in funerary contexts. Manufacture and use of pottery could inform us about customs and traditions that remain hidden in time and in the archaeological record. Knowing the implications and decisions of potters as well as the functionality of those vessels deposited inside the graves can approach the idiosyncrasy of a society in the Bronze Age in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. The methodology used to identify patterns of functionality is highlighted by the combination of cutting-edge analysis techniques in both fields such as the application of different chromatographic techniques (GC-MS, UPLC-HRMS and GC-C-IRMS) that allow to identify the organic compounds in the ceramics and the application of analytical techniques from Earth Sciences (Stereomicroscopic, X-Ray Diffraction and Petrography), which allow us to characterize ceramic pastes and knowing the catchment of raw materials. This study highlights the Peñalosa site as a melting pot of new research and it brings us closer with the use of a complex methodology combined to the societies 4000 years ago.

Multifocus HDR VIS/NIR hyperspectral imaging and its application to works of art

Optics Express, 2019

This paper presents a complete framework for capturing and processing hyperspectral reflectance i... more This paper presents a complete framework for capturing and processing hyperspectral reflectance images of artworks in situ, using a hyperspectral line scanner. These capturing systems are commonly used in laboratory conditions synchronized with scanning stages specifically designed for planar surfaces. However, when the intended application domain does not allow for image capture in these controlled conditions, achieving useful spectral reflectance image data can be a very challenging task (due to uncontrolled illumination, high-dynamic range (HDR) conditions in the scene, and the influence of chromatic aberration on the image quality, among other factors). We show, for the first time, all the necessary steps in the image capturing and post-processing in order to obtain high-quality HDR-based reflectance in the visible and near infrared, directly from the data captured by using a hyperspectral line scanner coupled to a rotating tripod. Our results show that the proposed method outperforms the normal capturing process in terms of dynamic range, color and spectral accuracy. To demonstrate the potential interest of this processing strategy for on-site analysis of artworks, we applied it to the study of a vintage copy of the famous painting "Transfiguration" by Raphael, as well as a facsimile of "The Golden Haggadah" from the British Library of London. The second piece has been studied for the identification of highly reflective gold-foil covered areas.

An integrated multianalytical approach to the reconstruction of daily activities at the Bronze Age settlement in Peñalosa (Jaén, Spain)

Microchemical Journal, 2015

This paper seeks to reconstruct everyday human activities in a Bronze Age Argaric site in southea... more This paper seeks to reconstruct everyday human activities in a Bronze Age Argaric site in southeastern Spain. We used an integrated multi-analytical approach to study residues extracted from 5 ceramic pieces and 3 soil samples. The results of these analyses were complemented with archaeological interpretations to produce the first findings on domestic activities four millennia ago at the Peñalosa settlement in Jaén, Spain. The bands observed in FTIR and ATR-FTIR spectra of the archaeological residues showed a peak assignment that confirmed the silicate components of the clay as raw material and the presence of organic matter. The amorphous organic materials were analyzed by GC-MS, HRMS and GC-C-IRMS, and the mineral residues by non-invasive portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF). We identified α,ω-dicarboxylic and ω-(o-alkylphenyl) alkanoic acids produced by oxidative degradation of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as monocarboxylic acids, n-alkanes, diterpenoid acids, cholesterol, dyes and chemical grape markers. Assignments were based on lipid profile, fatty acid ratios and the δ 13 C values of C 16:0 and C 18:0. The results are consistent with the presence of tissues from ruminant (ovine or bovine) and nonruminant (swine and equine) animals, vegetable oils, waxes, conifer resin and grape seeds. The presence of fishbased fats was suggested in one of the residues. Our evidence also suggests that grape juice or wine may have been consumed at this Bronze Age site. As far as we know this is the first investigation of the organic residues absorbed into an Argaric goblet used in a domestic situation.

Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Journal of the American Heart Association, 2016

Background Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid ( ALA ),... more Background Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid ( ALA ), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PRE vención con DI eta MED iterránea ( PREDIMED ) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption ...

Non-Invasive Study of the Pigments of a Painting on Copper with the Inscription “Boceto di Pablo Veronese” on the Back

Heritage

The palette used on a small painting on copper support, with the inscription “Boceto di Pablo Ver... more The palette used on a small painting on copper support, with the inscription “Boceto di Pablo Veronese” on the back, was characterized. Non-invasive techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and hand-held X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were proven to be highly effective for this. The objectives of the proposed work were twofold. On the one hand, the objective was the study, in situ, of the pigments of a painting on a copper support. On the other hand, it was to enrich the literature related to the study of paintings on metal supports, since few related studies are available despite the relatively large number of such 16th and 17th century paintings from Italy and Northern Europe. The results of the analysis showed a copper support with a base layer of gypsum mixed with ochre earths. Atop this layer is a sketch with lead white in the lighter areas and bone black in the darker shadow areas, suggesting that the artist performed a preliminary study of the luminosity of the scene. Finally, th...

Análisis químico y patrimonio cultural

Ciencia y desarrollo, 2008

Classification of proteinaceous binders in pictorial artworks by pattern recognition tecnique

Archaeological Chemistry: Revealing Traces of the Past

EDULEARN proceedings, Mar 1, 2017

The objective of the ARCHEM Project is twofold. First, to promote and reinforce the cooperation b... more The objective of the ARCHEM Project is twofold. First, to promote and reinforce the cooperation between the chemical and the archaeological sciences, the most important disciplines for effectively deriving the maximum amount of information from the analysis of materials recovered from excavation sites worldwide. Archaeological chemistry focuses not only on the study of ancient pottery, stone, metal, and glass, but also on new materials of interest such as archaeological soils, fibres, dyes, bone, DNA and, more recently, organic residues from ceramic sherds. In the last few years, scientists have focused on the use of analytical chemistry to identify the constituents of archaeological artefacts to find out what these objects were made from and even their provenance. The development of new analytical methods has enabled us to discern patterns of human behaviour in the past. The ARCHEM Project focuses on the characterization of the organic residues found in archaeological pottery. Therefore, this represents an innovative project that brings together two traditionally independent disciplines with the aim of obtaining high quality information about past societies. The second objective of the ARCHEM project is the development of competencies and abilities in the field of archaeological chemistry through the production of Doctoral and Master's Theses. In this way, Master's degree students (members of the ARCHEM project) will learn a new perspective approach to the study of archaeological pottery including the aspects related to the chemical analysis. Basic knowledge of chemical analysis will provide students from humanities background with the abilities for a more complete professional development in Archaeometry. In this context, the idea of adapting the teaching of analytical chemistry to students of archaeology has led the team of researchers, members of the ARCHEM project, to consider including the subject of chemistry in the Archaeology degree curriculum. This early learning of chemistry will enable undergraduate students to unravel the secrets of archaeology through chemistry.

Is the Painting Authentic? A Multi-Method Approach to Investigate the Provenance and the Authenticity of Two 20TH Century Canvas Paintings with the Signature of “Picasso”

ICERI2009 Proceedings, 2009

Spectrofluorimetric determination of traces of bromide

Mikrochimica Acta, 1994

ABSTRACT A Spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of traces of bromide has been develop... more ABSTRACT A Spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of traces of bromide has been developed. The method is based on the bromination of fluorescein after bromide and hypochlorite form bromine, giving the less fluorescent eosin. The fluorescence decrease is used as the analytical signal. The calibration graph is linear over the range 10 to 80 g/1. The detection limit is 3 g/1 and the relative standard deviation 1.0%. The method has been satisfactorily applied to the determination of bromide in natural waters.

Determination of Trace Aluminum in Natural Waters by Ion Exchanger Fluorometry

Analytical Sciences, Oct 1, 1989

Mann (2',3,4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) has been used as a igand in the fluorometric microdetermin... more Mann (2',3,4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) has been used as a igand in the fluorometric microdetermination of aluminum at the sub-µg 1-' level. A method has been developed which is based on ion exchanger fluorometry (IEF). The 1:1 aluminum-morin complex is fixed on a dextran-type cationic exchanger, and the fluorescence of the gel , packed on a 1-mm quartz cell, is measured directly using a solid-surface attachment. The concentration for the method ranges between 0.4 and 1.6 µg 1-', although this can be diminished by increasing the sample volume. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of aluminum in natural water and offers several advantages in comparison with solution methods.

Determination of Trace Exchanger Fluorometry Aluminum in Natural Waters by Ion

Mann (2',3,4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) has been used as a igand in the fluorometric microdetermin... more Mann (2',3,4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) has been used as a igand in the fluorometric microdetermination of aluminum at the sub-µg 1-' level. A method has been developed which is based on ion exchanger fluorometry (IEF). The 1:1 aluminum-morin complex is fixed on a dextran-type cationic exchanger, and the fluorescence of the gel , packed on a 1-mm quartz cell, is measured directly using a solid-surface attachment. The concentration for the method ranges between 0.4 and 1.6 µg 1-', although this can be diminished by increasing the sample volume. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of aluminum in natural water and offers several advantages in comparison with solution methods.

Simultaneous determination of aluminium and beryllium by first-derivative synchronous solid-phase spectrofluorimetry

Talanta, 1992

A method for the simultaneous determination of aluminium and beryllium in mixtures by first-derav... more A method for the simultaneous determination of aluminium and beryllium in mixtures by first-deravative synchronous solid-phase spectrofluorimetry has been developed. Aluminium and beryllium reacted with morin to give fluorescent complexes, which were fixed on a dextran-type resin. The fluoresnce of the resin, packed in a 1-mm silica cell, was measured directly with a solid-surface attachment. The constant wavelength difference chosen to optimize the determination was Deltalambda = lambda(em) = 75 nm. Aluminium was measured at lambda(em)lambda = 445/520 nm and beryllium at lambda(em)lambda(em) = 430/505 nm. The range of application is between 0.5 and 5.0 ng/ml for both aluminium and beryllium. The accuracy and precision of the method are reported. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of aluminium and beryllium in synthetic mixtures and natural waters.

Application of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry to the Study of the Proteinaceous Binders in Paint: Blue Paint Composition in the Series “The Life of Virgin” by Alonso Cano (17th Century) as a Case Study

European journal of mass spectrometry, Feb 1, 2015

The identification of proteinaceous materials in paint constituents provides very valuable inform... more The identification of proteinaceous materials in paint constituents provides very valuable information regarding the techniques used by the painter and the most suitable procedures for conserving and restoring their works. Although the analysis of proteinaceous materials is nowadays a common task when dealing with works of art, the reliable detection and identification of protein traces is still complicated, particularly when very small samples can be taken that may contain a mixture of different organic materials (oils, waxes, resins, gums etc.). We therefore proposed a proteomic approach to investigate protein materials in paintings at trace levels in order to obtain a better understanding of the painter&amp;#39;s technique. After trypsin digestion of the paint samples, mass spectra were obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and they were compared with the Mascot database and with theoretical digested proteins. This study contributes to the knowledge about the technique used by Alonso Cano (Granada, Spain, 1601–1667), one of the most original and brilliant artists from the Spanish Golden Age (17th century), in the series called the Life of the Virgin (six paintings), part of the iconographic program about the life of the Virgin Mary, nowadays seen in the main chapel of Granada Cathedral. The objective of the present study was to test the use of proteinaceous material, mainly egg yolk, in the paint used by Cano, as suggested in previous research, although this would have been unusual at that time when most artists used oil paints. Based on the results of the analysis here presented, the use of protein in the binding media can most likely be excluded.

Comparison between traditional strategies and classification technique (SIMCA) in the identification of old proteinaceous binders

Talanta, May 15, 2008

In this paper, we performed a comparison between commonly used strategies amino acid ratios (Aa r... more In this paper, we performed a comparison between commonly used strategies amino acid ratios (Aa ratios), two-dimensional ratio plots (2D-Plot) and statistical correlation factor (SCF) and a classification technique, soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA), to identify protein binders present in old artwork samples. To do this, we used a natural standard collection of proteinaceous binders prepared in our laboratory using old recipes and eleven samples coming from Cultural Heritage, such as mural and easel paintings, manuscripts and polychrome sculptures from the 15-18th centuries. Protein binder samples were hydrolyzed and their constitutive amino acids were determined as PITC-derivatives using HPLC-DAD. Amino acid profile data were used to perform the comparison between the four different strategies mentioned above. Traditional strategies can lead to ambiguous or non-conclusive results. With SIMCA, it is possible to provide a more robust and less subjective identification knowing the confidence level of identification. As a standard, we used proteinaceous albumin (whole egg, yolk and glair); casein (goat, cow and sheep) and collagen (mammalian and fish). The process results in a more robust understanding of proteinaceous binding media in old artworks that makes it possible to distinguish them according to their origin.

Metodología analítica para la identificación de residuos orgánicos en la cerámica arqueológica

Terra Sigillata Hispánica: 50 años de investigaciones, 2015, ISBN 978-88-7140-604-6, 2015

Spectroscopic study of mixtures of green copper pigments in fresh and aged model samples. Case studies on masterpieces from the Spanish Golden Age

Journal of Cultural Heritage

Chemistry in Cultural Heritage and Cultural Heritage in Chemistry. Research and Education. Painter and Sculptor: Alonso Cano’s Projects

イベリアガラスにおける考古学的残基に適用したマルチ分析的アプローチの奉納儀式における発酵飲料の消費に対する最初の証拠【Powered by NICT】

Microchemical Journal, 2016

An Interdisciplinary Approach to Teaching “Analysis of Cultural Heritage” to Undergraduate Students in Chemistry

Pottery Grave Goods from Funerary Contexts at the Argaric Site of Peñalosa (Jaén). A Methodological Approach

JOURNAL OF ANCIENT HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY, 2020

The need for interdisciplinary studies is the basis of ambitious research (ARCHEM Project) that i... more The need for interdisciplinary studies is the basis of ambitious research (ARCHEM Project) that is carried out in the argaric settlement of Peñalosa (Baños de la Encina, Jaén), combining organic residues analysis and techno-typological studies of pottery found in funerary contexts. Manufacture and use of pottery could inform us about customs and traditions that remain hidden in time and in the archaeological record. Knowing the implications and decisions of potters as well as the functionality of those vessels deposited inside the graves can approach the idiosyncrasy of a society in the Bronze Age in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. The methodology used to identify patterns of functionality is highlighted by the combination of cutting-edge analysis techniques in both fields such as the application of different chromatographic techniques (GC-MS, UPLC-HRMS and GC-C-IRMS) that allow to identify the organic compounds in the ceramics and the application of analytical techniques from Earth Sciences (Stereomicroscopic, X-Ray Diffraction and Petrography), which allow us to characterize ceramic pastes and knowing the catchment of raw materials. This study highlights the Peñalosa site as a melting pot of new research and it brings us closer with the use of a complex methodology combined to the societies 4000 years ago.

Multifocus HDR VIS/NIR hyperspectral imaging and its application to works of art

Optics Express, 2019

This paper presents a complete framework for capturing and processing hyperspectral reflectance i... more This paper presents a complete framework for capturing and processing hyperspectral reflectance images of artworks in situ, using a hyperspectral line scanner. These capturing systems are commonly used in laboratory conditions synchronized with scanning stages specifically designed for planar surfaces. However, when the intended application domain does not allow for image capture in these controlled conditions, achieving useful spectral reflectance image data can be a very challenging task (due to uncontrolled illumination, high-dynamic range (HDR) conditions in the scene, and the influence of chromatic aberration on the image quality, among other factors). We show, for the first time, all the necessary steps in the image capturing and post-processing in order to obtain high-quality HDR-based reflectance in the visible and near infrared, directly from the data captured by using a hyperspectral line scanner coupled to a rotating tripod. Our results show that the proposed method outperforms the normal capturing process in terms of dynamic range, color and spectral accuracy. To demonstrate the potential interest of this processing strategy for on-site analysis of artworks, we applied it to the study of a vintage copy of the famous painting "Transfiguration" by Raphael, as well as a facsimile of "The Golden Haggadah" from the British Library of London. The second piece has been studied for the identification of highly reflective gold-foil covered areas.

An integrated multianalytical approach to the reconstruction of daily activities at the Bronze Age settlement in Peñalosa (Jaén, Spain)

Microchemical Journal, 2015

This paper seeks to reconstruct everyday human activities in a Bronze Age Argaric site in southea... more This paper seeks to reconstruct everyday human activities in a Bronze Age Argaric site in southeastern Spain. We used an integrated multi-analytical approach to study residues extracted from 5 ceramic pieces and 3 soil samples. The results of these analyses were complemented with archaeological interpretations to produce the first findings on domestic activities four millennia ago at the Peñalosa settlement in Jaén, Spain. The bands observed in FTIR and ATR-FTIR spectra of the archaeological residues showed a peak assignment that confirmed the silicate components of the clay as raw material and the presence of organic matter. The amorphous organic materials were analyzed by GC-MS, HRMS and GC-C-IRMS, and the mineral residues by non-invasive portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF). We identified α,ω-dicarboxylic and ω-(o-alkylphenyl) alkanoic acids produced by oxidative degradation of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as monocarboxylic acids, n-alkanes, diterpenoid acids, cholesterol, dyes and chemical grape markers. Assignments were based on lipid profile, fatty acid ratios and the δ 13 C values of C 16:0 and C 18:0. The results are consistent with the presence of tissues from ruminant (ovine or bovine) and nonruminant (swine and equine) animals, vegetable oils, waxes, conifer resin and grape seeds. The presence of fishbased fats was suggested in one of the residues. Our evidence also suggests that grape juice or wine may have been consumed at this Bronze Age site. As far as we know this is the first investigation of the organic residues absorbed into an Argaric goblet used in a domestic situation.