Papers by Dr. G H U L A M MUSTAFA
The recent developments in Cooperation between Israel and multiple Arab countries have shaped the... more The recent developments in Cooperation between Israel and multiple Arab countries have shaped the dynamics of politics within the Arab region. The centuries-old areas of disagreement have now transformed into different deals of Cooperation. The relationships between Arabs within themselves and the rest of the world have now broken into multiple strands. They are leaving the footprints of their past upon the upcoming areas for Cooperation. This research attempts to understand the various dynamics of these relations among the Arabs in the particular context of Israel, who are the main actors in this region. The research then goes on to critically scrutinize the conflictual historical background of the Arabs and Israelis and then leads towards the recent deals made between the parties. It's a matter of fact that Israel has become a regional power, and Arabs are forced to cooperate with it as both shares a common ground of interests. In this regard, the most important is security and economic Cooperation. The research shall conclude by proving how these developments are beneficial and how they have shaped the dynamics of politics within the Arab region. A mixed approach is used to disentangle the relationship between Changing Dynamics of Arab Politics with the state of Israel.
A Journal of South Asian Studies, 2022
When Muslim Leaders of the Subcontinent of India were trying to create a different independent st... more When Muslim Leaders of the Subcontinent of India were trying to create a different independent state for Muslims, the Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah repeatedly used the phrase "Separate state for the Minorities of India". He demanded a state where all types of minorities could live freely according to their religious teachings and norms. These demands were very pleasing for all types of religious minorities of the Subcontinent, so few of them supported the idea of Pakistan where anyone could live freely. The Christian community supported the idea of Pakistan and made efforts to become part of it. There are different speeches of Quaid-e-Azam that consist of praises of Christian leaders who were helping the Muslim leadership. Despite the fact that Pakistan's Objective Resolution and Constitution of 1956 and 1962 gave equal rights to every citizen and religious liberty to minorities, the Objective Resolution and Constitution of 1956 and 1962 are the most condemned document which made Pakistan a theocracy. After liberty and freedom, political rights are the most important rights for any person. This paper will try to find out the answer to the question of how objective resolution, Constitution of 1956 and 1962 dealt with the minority rights and their political rights. For this purpose in-depth study of all three documents occurred along with different articles, news, research reports and books.
Human Rights are the oldest phenomenon in the world that develops with the passage of time. The b... more Human Rights are the oldest phenomenon in the world that develops with the passage of time. The basic idea of human rights was the right to live, liberty and property. But now, human rights can divide into many categories such as civil rights, political rights, social rights, economic rights, religious rights, cultural rights and many more. This article is about the understanding of political rights in the concept of western human rights and Islam. This article further focus on te political right of minorities, especially religious minorities. For this study, secondary data and techniques of data analysis were used.
Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, 2022
Indian Ocean remained the most important part of great power rivalry during the Cold War amid the... more Indian Ocean remained the most important part of great power rivalry during the Cold War amid the former Soviet Union and the then U.S. The Soviets have demised and other actors are consolidating their strategic position. Among such actors, China has increased its attention as one Pentagon strategic document has revealed that it has the largest naval buildup now. This paper argues that to rise to an Asian power China needs strategic cooperation with Pakistan in the Indian Ocean. This paper is supported by Pakistan’s key location stretching from the Arabian Sea in the South where the Gwadar port is being progressed. The paper finds out that China in times of conflict with India alone or both India and the United States would be a great beneficiary for its movements of goods such as the military to military exchange and maintaining a smooth supply of energy from the Middle East. The paper recommends that by exploring China and Pakistan's strategic cooperation, the current strategic partnership between China and Pakistan would potentially consolidate their defense and economic areas in the long term.
Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, 2022
China has had strained ties with the USA since 1949. Economic ties between the two nations increa... more China has had strained ties with the USA since 1949. Economic ties between the two nations increased considerably after 1980. Economic collaboration, Pacific hegemony dispute, and mistrust of each other's intentions characterized the partnership. As a result, despite significant economic relations, each country developed distrust of the other as a possible adversary. It has been dubbed the world's most crucial 21st century collaboration by international leaders and scholars. The Purpose of this study is to elucidate estranged relations between the two super powers rival states, China and USA.
Pakistan Journal of Social Research, 2022
A sovereign state is comprised of three important organs that are Legislature, Executive and Judi... more A sovereign state is comprised of three important organs that are Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. These organs have their respective routs and way of actions and the concept of separation of power is also in field to run the business of a state smoothly. Now a day a term is used specially in Pakistan "Judicial Activism" that is frequently used after the restoration of judiciary. Judicial activism means judicial review of the matters involving fundamental rights and constitutional issue or invalidate legislative or executive actions. In the recent judicial history of Pakistan apex judiciary used their suo motu powers to resolve the social, constitutional and political matters such as kite flying banning to fundraising for dams and sexually abused child's matter to disqualification of an elected prime minister. Especially when Mian Saqib Nisar become Chief Justice of Supreme Court of Pakistan, he took unprecedented suo motu notices and sometimes exceeds its powers. In this era there is a great impact on the democratic institutions when Mian Saqib Nisar disqualify the prime minister Mian Nawaz Sharif and used the executive powers. His era is the extreme of judicial activism in Pakistan. In this study 'judicial activism and its impact on democracy' are discussed and political dimensions and implications also be observed.
Pak. Journal of Int’L Affairs, 2021
It is famously narrated that Pakistan came into being as a state for the Muslim minority of India... more It is famously narrated that Pakistan came into being as a state for the Muslim minority of India. Nevertheless, Pakistan was also the homeland of many other religious natives such as Christian, Sikhs, Hindus, Parsis, Buddhists. Even many Jews lived in Pakistan who were the natives of this land for centuries before the partition of 1947. All of these religions are completely different from each other and also have their rituals, traditions, language, caste system, creed, ethnicity, marriage, and divorce laws. All of Pakistan's constitutions give minorities equal rights, but when in the 1960s, Pakistan developed its first family laws for Muslims and launched "Nikah Nama", and made other rules and regulations for the majority of its population but forgot about its minorities. Pakistan's minorities suffer under
Society for Social Sciences and Research Association, 2021
Pakistan appeared on the globe of the world as an independent country in 1947 after the British r... more Pakistan appeared on the globe of the world as an independent country in 1947 after the British rule ended in India. At the time of independence, Pakistan inherited an educational system that was launched by a foreign government before hundred years ago. This system was established on economic, cultural, social, and political notions that were totally dissimilar from the ideologies of independent nations. During the colonial period, specific development in the education system has been observed. However, this development was mostly restricted to Indian areas. The areas consisted of Pakistan were surprisingly backward in all fields as well as in education. 85% of the population of Pakistan was illiterate at the time of independence. The literacy rate was much low in underdeveloped regions such as Baluchistan and the share of rural women in literacy rate was almost zero. A reviewing study of the history of educational planning and policymaking in Pakistan during the period of 1947 to 1980 was commenced which demonstrates that fixing of goals and
Pakistan appeared on the globe of the world as an independent country in 1947 after the British r... more Pakistan appeared on the globe of the world as an independent country in 1947 after the British rule ended in India. At the time of independence, Pakistan inherited an educational system that was launched by a foreign government before hundred years ago. This system was established on economic, cultural, social, and political notions that were totally dissimilar from the ideologies of independent nations. During the colonial period, specific development in the education system has been observed. However, this development was mostly restricted to Indian areas. The areas consisted of Pakistan were surprisingly backward in all fields as well as in education. 85% of the population of Pakistan was illiterate at the time of independence. The literacy rate was much low in underdeveloped regions such as Baluchistan and the share of rural women in literacy rate was almost zero. A reviewing study of the history of educational planning and policymaking in Pakistan during the period of 1947 to 1980 was commenced which demonstrates that fixing of goals and
Society for Social Sciences and Research Association, 2021
The period of the British Raj in India is bridging over three centuries. The British's initial in... more The period of the British Raj in India is bridging over three centuries. The British's initial interaction with India was indirect in search of trading comforts in Asia as ferocious competition with Portuguese and Dutch. Comparatively, the British were latecomers towards colonization in these new rich projects but they were fully aware that they would be involving in a long-term and very lucrative relationship that would ultimately be, "Premier Jewel in their Crown". The British-India's initial phase of the relationship was purely financial and commercial based which passed through an idealist paradigm to gain power. Two undeniable befits were provided to the British by India were, India was an enslaved market for goods of the British and by holding a big size army it could serve their defense requirements also. Basically, British policy was based on expansion, and they wanted to overcome the Indians for their personal gains. Resultantly, the British faced a revengeful mutiny period, post-1857, by the determined natives to maintain the dignity of the Mughal's Kingdom. A reviewing study of the public policy formulation during the
PalArch's Journals, 2021
An approach suggests authentic procedures and techniques for the solution of a specific problem. ... more An approach suggests authentic procedures and techniques for the solution of a specific problem. To analyze the policy-making process, various approaches, theories, and models have been introduced by social and political scientists. American political scientist Harold Laswell presented the term ‘Public Policy’ in 1951 initially. Laswell projected a multi-disciplinary innovative dexterous approach to control the political procedures of industrialized civilizations of Post-World War II. At present, the study of policy process and analysis has quickly established a higher level of theoretical framework commonly in the West. The theoretical approaches that are primarily connected with public policy formulation are rational-choice theory, incremental theory, policy output analysis, political system theory, and institutionalism, group theory, and elite theory. The cyclic/stages model offers a systematic framework for the examination of public policies. A reviewing study of theoretical approaches to study public policy was initiated, which explored the process of public policy as a cyclic model. The purpose of the study is to learn about the different approaches to study public policy. The finding indicates that the complex process of public policy formulation will relatively convert into the easiest mode by following the logical apparatus of the cyclic model. This paper recommends that the cyclic/stages model offers an upright design and methodical framework to examine public policies and could be used for data collection.
Palarch’s Journals, 2021
Australia stands first among the states of the world to give most of the women to voting right. A... more Australia stands first among the states of the world to give most of the women to voting right. Australia is also the leading state which promotes policy regarding gender parity. But it does not mean that women representation is ideally achieved in Australia. Irrespective of all the efforts by the governmental and private levels, Australian women are still behind men political fields as most of the key positions in the political offices are being held by men. There might be lack of coordination in efforts in this field as individual and group efforts can be seen for women emancipation in political, social and economic sphere are not producing the desired results. This article attempts to elucidate the facts about women participation in Australian politics. The role of women in legislature and in political parties depicts a promising scenario but requires a lot of improvement to gain the objective of gender equality in Australian Politics.
Pak-US relations under Bush administration historically reached at its peak. It was the result of... more Pak-US relations under Bush administration historically reached at its peak. It was the result of his doctrine known as 'Bush Doctrine'. It resulted in constituting a fundamental shift in US foreign policy. This work tried to dig out that how Bush decided to framed his own strategies and way of using power and influence for the pursuit of USA national interests. Unlike president Clinton, president Bush focused on securing geo-strategic rather geo-economic interests. It is also tried to high light that what compelled Bush administration to tilt towards Pakistan. It includes especially inexorable geographical position of Pakistan in the region, so was preferred by US policy makers in this region. Bush even ignored US policy to promote democracy and supported undemocratic rule of General Pervez Musharraf, as his rule was inevitable to secure US national interests in the region. Authorities in Pakistan promised to assist US in its war on terror. It was the same role of Pakistan for which it was
A reviewing study of the health policy planning and formulation was initiated which explored the ... more A reviewing study of the health policy planning and formulation was initiated which explored the procedure of formulation of health policy and its implementation in Pakistan. The purpose of the study is to learn the procedure of health policy formulation and its implementation and to observe the issues in health system in Pakistan. Methodology: This study on health policy formulation was exploratory in nature. The research design was qualitative. The data was collected through secondary sources which includes research articles published in various journals and available on online sites. Moreover, data was also collected through books written on public policy by some foreign and local authors. Findings: The findings indicates that the planning and policy formation of the health sector in Pakistan is capable at the preparation level but not at the execution level. Implications: This paper recommends overcoming the health-related problems in Pakistan through formulation and implementation of sound, assertive and credible policies.
Central Asia consists of five states: Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzsta... more Central Asia consists of five states: Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and rich with natural reserves. Pakistan has an important place in the South Asian region and occupies an important strategic location. Pakistan and Central Asian republics always keen to develop cordial relations. China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CEPC) is a game-changer project of the region. China has injected over 70$ billion under CPEC in various projects in Pakistan and wants to invest more. Central Asian states are willing to join CPEC and wish to get benefits from this vital project. Central Asian republics can capture a large-scale market beyond South Asia and Pakistan, with its prime location can provide an accessible route. Gawadar Port is fully functional now and provides a transit route to the Central Asian republics and can significantly enhance ties among Pakistan and CARs. Now Pakistan various MoUs with both Central Asian states and it shows the importance of relations among Pakistan Central Asian republics. This paper analyzes Pakistan's foreign policy towards Central Asia in the context of CPEC. The researcher uses a qualitative technique to complete his research paper and this research paper enables readers to understand the significance of CPEC and Pakistan's relations with Central Asian states.
Africa is a prosperous region with natural resources and Islamabad's policy steps are required to... more Africa is a prosperous region with natural resources and Islamabad's policy steps are required to get benefits from African states. In present times African states are willing to establish their cordial economic and development ties with other states. Pakistan should adopt a clear policy towards the African region to enhance trade ties with African countries. Islamabad has significant due to its strategic location. China Pakistan Economic Corridor CPEC enables Pakistan to strengthen its wings to the African countries. China is investing a handsome amount in infrastructure and development projects in Africa. Pakistan can get benefits from China's policy towards Africa to enhance its trade links with African countries. Islamabad must take serious and concrete steps to strengthen its trade volume with Africa. Africa is a market of about 1.3 billion people and covers a large part of the world. Most African countries are rich with natural wealth, enabling this patch of land to be an attractive destination for world powers. While expediting further on this economic nexus, it is necessary to highlight Africa's role in CPEC and the possibility of investment in Pakistan. The paper highlights the history of Pakistan and Africa ties and prospects for the future. This research shows the potential of trade between both Africa and Pakistan.
South Asia is home to almost a quarter of global population. The prevailing security concept amon... more South Asia is home to almost a quarter of global population. The prevailing security concept among South Asian states is decades old which only focuses on external threats. In this article it is argued that nontraditional security challenges are more lethal than conventional security issues. The sovereignty of South Asian states is hostage to these challenges and the shifting dynamic of security in the region has been analysed empirically. Non-traditional security challenges are divided into three categories i.e., ecological problems, demographic challenges and transnational crimes and each challenge was discussed in terms of state's sovereignty and human security.
Women political participation has been an important issue of the egalitarian societies. The repre... more Women political participation has been an important issue of the egalitarian societies. The representation of women in the political strata of any society explains the equal role of men and women in political arena. Gender based differences in the society hinders the growth and development of the nation. The feminist movement has been effective in enhancing the female's activism and resultantly the share of females in the politics has been increased in various parts of the global politics. Pakistani society is still evolving towards democratic norms and traditions. The share of female in the political landscape is still negligible and the role of female political leadership is far from satisfactory but representing a good sign towards positive outcomes.
Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, 2021
This research paper aims to analyze fifth generation warfare and its challenges to Pakistan. In m... more This research paper aims to analyze fifth generation warfare and its challenges to Pakistan. In modern era, wars are not declared or waged conventionally: instead it is instigated by clandestine agents using military, non-military, media, cyber tools, information operations, NGOs, non-state actors, intelligence agencies, propaganda, economic tools, insurgency and terrorism. The adversaries have been waging FGW against Pakistan for long. Pakistan became nuclear power in 1998 and declaring conventional battle remains very hard for adversaries. Hence, they are using tools of fifth generation warfare against Pakistan to destabilize it internally and gain their nefarious designs. The enemies are behind conspiracies to destabilize Pakistan internally and undermine its image in global community, sponsoring, financing and training terrorists to conduct covert operations within Pakistan's territory. In present era of hybrid warfare, Pakistan is facing threats to its national unity due to negative role of some foreign countries. At present, media campaigns
GOMAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF RESEARCH , 2021
In diverse circumstances of region, Iran and Saudi Arabia have significant part in foreign policy... more In diverse circumstances of region, Iran and Saudi Arabia have significant part in foreign policy of Pakistan. It is difficult for policy makers of Pakistan to retain acceptable relations and policies towards both countries at the same time because of severe contentions between the Iran and Saudi Arabia including the high interests of the main players in the Middle East Politics. The main objectives of research are to elucidate the different standpoints between Iran and Saudi Arabia and their impacts on policies of Pakistan. Different diplomatic, political and economic triangle developments among Iran, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan is discussed during last government tenure of PML (N). For this set out, the qualitative method with historical research design has been used, through argumentation procedure while complex interdependent theory applied to examine the nature of triangle relations and policies including their impacts on regional politics and economy. The study provides significant insights for its implication in the particular context with diverse outcomes.
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Papers by Dr. G H U L A M MUSTAFA