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Papers by Liane Giemsch
Winkelverzierung am Schafft, der möglicherweise als erster Nachweis einer Tradition steht, bei der Tierkopfstäbe, insbesondere Elchkopfstäbe den Verstorbenen mit in die Gräber gelegt wurden. Ein Vergleich mit zeitgleichen, älteren und jüngeren Kunstäußerungen konnte zeigen, dass ein gewisser Grad an Kontinuität in den Kunstelementen des Magdalénien in die des Spätpaläolithikum gegeben ist und Tieranhänger
insbesondere aber Elchmotive das neue Element dieser Zeit sind, die von der Umstellung von der bisherigen Herdenjagd auf die Jagd von Standwild wie Elchen geprägt war. Die Kunstäußerungen geben somit die veränderte Gedankenwelt der Menschen als Reaktion auf die Umweltveränderung am Ende der Eiszeit wieder.
Abstract
The late ice age art objects of the double grave are among the few surviving expressions of art that time. The feature contained a flat animal sculpture made of elk antler, which depicts an elk cow or a bull without antlers, and was probably used as an amulet. Furthermore, the grave featured an approximately 20 cm long, polished bone rod with a carved animal head end and angular decoration on the shaft. This piece may
Die Kunde. Zeitschrift für niedersächsische Archäologie N. F. 70, 2019, S. 101–115 be the first evidence of a tradition in which animal head rods, in particular elk head rods, were placed in the graves with the deceased. A comparison with older, contemporary, and younger expressions of art could show that there is a certain degree of continuity in the art elements of Magdalenia in those of the late Palaeolithic, and that animal pendants, first and foremost elk motifs are the new element of this period, which changed from the previous herd hunting to the hunt of wild game like elk. These expressions of art thus reflect the changed mindscape of humans as a reaction to the environmental change at the end of the Ice Age.
Winkelverzierung am Schafft, der möglicherweise als erster Nachweis einer Tradition steht, bei der Tierkopfstäbe, insbesondere Elchkopfstäbe den Verstorbenen mit in die Gräber gelegt wurden. Ein Vergleich mit zeitgleichen, älteren und jüngeren Kunstäußerungen konnte zeigen, dass ein gewisser Grad an Kontinuität in den Kunstelementen des Magdalénien in die des Spätpaläolithikum gegeben ist und Tieranhänger
insbesondere aber Elchmotive das neue Element dieser Zeit sind, die von der Umstellung von der bisherigen Herdenjagd auf die Jagd von Standwild wie Elchen geprägt war. Die Kunstäußerungen geben somit die veränderte Gedankenwelt der Menschen als Reaktion auf die Umweltveränderung am Ende der Eiszeit wieder.
Abstract
The late ice age art objects of the double grave are among the few surviving expressions of art that time. The feature contained a flat animal sculpture made of elk antler, which depicts an elk cow or a bull without antlers, and was probably used as an amulet. Furthermore, the grave featured an approximately 20 cm long, polished bone rod with a carved animal head end and angular decoration on the shaft. This piece may
Die Kunde. Zeitschrift für niedersächsische Archäologie N. F. 70, 2019, S. 101–115 be the first evidence of a tradition in which animal head rods, in particular elk head rods, were placed in the graves with the deceased. A comparison with older, contemporary, and younger expressions of art could show that there is a certain degree of continuity in the art elements of Magdalenia in those of the late Palaeolithic, and that animal pendants, first and foremost elk motifs are the new element of this period, which changed from the previous herd hunting to the hunt of wild game like elk. These expressions of art thus reflect the changed mindscape of humans as a reaction to the environmental change at the end of the Ice Age.
East and West, of an unusually large number of innovations, such as the wheel and the wagon, new metals like silver, copper alloying, the domestication of the horse and the outbreeding of the woolly
sheep. All of these innovations had far-reaching consequences well into historical times. Who we are today is rooted to important parts in these times. The Caucasus has always been considered as a bridge between cultures in this important cultural-historical development. The contributions of the international conference cover the period from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age and deal with the geographical area from the Levant to the Pontic steppe and the Carpathian Basin.
Der Kaukasus im 4. und frühen 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr. kann als Hotspot der ersten Globalisierung gelten. Im 4. Jahrtausend v. Chr. kam es hier zu einem Transfer von Wissen und technischen Neuerungen zwischen
Ost und West, von ungewöhnlich vielen Innovationen, wie Rad und Wagen, neuen Metallen wie dem Silber, der Legierung des Kupfers, der Domestikation des Pferdes und der Herauszüchtung des Wollschafs. All diese Innovationen hatten weitreichende Konsequenzen bis weit in historische Zeiten. Wer wir heute sind, wurzelt zu wichtigen Teilen in dieser Zeit. Der Kaukasus gilt in dieser bedeutenden ulturgeschichtlichen Entwicklung seit jeher als Brücke zwischen den Kulturen. Die Beiträge der internationalen Konferenz bilden die Zeitspanne vom Chalkolithikum bis in die Bronzezeit ab und behandeln den geografischen Raum von der Levante bis in die pontische Steppe und das Karpatenbecken.
Funde Georgiens vor und ermöglicht zusammen
mit den neuesten Forschungsergebnisse ein umfassendes
Bild der frühen kulturellen Entwicklungen des Landes vom
Beginn der Landwirtschaft im Kaukasus ab 6000 v. Chr. bis zur
Mittelbronzezeit um 2100 – 1700 v. Chr.
Gold & Wein Georgiens älteste Schätze
9 783961 760541
Der Katalog zur gleichnamigen Ausstellung stellt die herausragenden archäologischen Funde Georgiens vor und ermöglicht zusammen mit den neuesten Forschungsergebnissen ein umfassendes Bild der frühen kulturellen Entwicklungen des Landes vom Beginn der Landwirtschaft im Kaukasus ab 6000 v. Chr. bis zur Mittelbronzezeit um 2100–1700 v. Chr.
Für diese Festschrift konnte das Archäologische Museum eine Reihe von Kollegen des Hauses sowie Weggefährten aus der Archäologie, der Universität und der internationalen Forschung zur Mitarbeit gewinnen.
Die Beiträge behandeln allesamt Themen, die einen engen Bezug zu dem breiten Arbeits-, Forschungsund Interessenfeld des Jubilars aufweisen. Die Vielzahl der Artikel spannt dabei den Bogen von der Archäologie in und um Frankfurt über Forschungen im skandinavischen und insularen bis in den zirkumpolaren Raum. Zeitlich wird das weite Feld von den frühen Jägersammlerkulturen, über die Bronzezeit Hessens, die Römer in Frankfurt bis hin zur christlich-mediterranen Ornamentik, zu frühmittelalterlichem
Schmuck und schließlich zur modernen Museums- und Ausstellungsarbeit betrachtet.
targeted archaeological field surveys in the study area 52 find localities could be added to the previously known. 42 of the newly discovered sites provided Palaeolithic artifacts in different high number. The majority of the Early Stone Age
sites were found South of Makuyuni Village on both sides of a tributary of the Makuyuni River.
To clarify the stratigraphic context of the surface finds small test excavations were conducted at selected sites. For the localities MK 91 and MK 101 it could be evidenced, that the findings originate from the Lower/Upper-Member contact zone of the Manyara Beds. The fact that both hominid remains as well as some of the artifacts were found near the contact zone of the Lower and Upper Member of the Manyara Beds indicates that hominids in the Lake Manyara area used the environment near the shoreline of the paleo-Lake Manyara in the early middle Pleistocene.
In the framework of the surveys and excavations 1337 stone artifacts were recovered as single finds. The subsequent conducted stone artifact analysis considered both qualitative and quantitative attributes. For the analysis of the data statistical methods and typs of presentation were used.
To obtain a chronology of the finds, following different approaches were applied and critically assessed: composition of the find categories, technology, flake scar count and artifact dimensions of the handaxes and handaxe shape.
In summary, the stone artifacts of the different sites cannot be considered as belonging to the same cultural horizon. Both technological, as well as metric attributes suggest that the inventory compose of artifacts from the Middle to the Early Late Acheulean, however, the majority of the artifacts can be assigned to the Middle Acheulean. With the utilization of the absolute dating of other comparative archaeological sites, the findings of Makuyuni could be dated to an age younger than 630 000 years, but older than 270 000 years, most likely between 630 000 and 400 000 years ago.
In the course of surface survey and excavation, more than 1,300 stone artefacts were recovered as individual finds and recorded in detail using qualitative and quantitative criteria. The main aim of the analysis was the technological and chronological classification of the pieces. Technological and metric attributes indicate that the assemblages consist of artefacts belonging to both the middle and early phases of the Late Acheulean. The vast majority of the material can be assigned to the Middle Acheulean culture. With reference to the absolute dates for the Manyara Beds and other comparable sites, the Makuyuni finds can be dated to between 630,000 and 270,000 years BP, with the majority of artefacts falling between 630,000 and 400,000 years BP. Remarkably, both hominid remains and artefacts were found in the contact zone between the Lower and Upper Members of the Manyara Beds. This suggests that hominids in the Lake Manyara area already used the landscape near the shoreline of the Manyara palaeo-lake in the early part of the Middle Pleistocene.
In the course of surface survey and excavation, more than 1300 stone artefacts were recovered as single finds and then recorded in detail using qualitative and quantitative criteria. The main aim of the analysis was the technological and chronological classification of the pieces. Technological and metric attributes indicate that the assemblages consist of artefacts belonging to both the Middle and early phases of the Late Acheulean, but the vast majority of the pieces can be assigned to the Middle Acheulean culture. With reference to the absolute dates for the Manyara Beds and other comparable sites, the Makuyuni finds can be dated to between 630 000 and 270 000 years old, with the majority of artefacts falling between 630 000 and 400 000 years ago. The fact that both the hominid remains and some of the artefacts were found in the contact zone between the Lower and Upper Members of the Manyara Beds suggests that hominids in the Lake Manyara area used the landscape near the shoreline of the Manyara palaeo-lake in the early part of the Middle Pleistocene.
Interdisciplinary investigations of the late glacial double burial from Bonn-Oberkassel
The late glacial double burial from Bonn-Oberkassel, with its unique combination of finds is one of the most important research sources for the Late Glacial in Central Europe. Due to the large number of questions concerning the find ensemble, late Palaeolithic humans in general, and also due to the approaching 100th anniversary of the discovery, the University of Bonn and the LVR-LandesMuseum Bonn has launched a complete scientific reinvestigation of the find complex. The anthropological studies of the human skeletons provided in addition to their sex and the attained age also answers to the questions of injuries and diseases of the two individuals. Stable isotope analyzes yielded answers to questions about nutrition and to determine the regions where the individuals grew up. With the help of a forensic facial reconstruction method we get an idea of the physical appearance of our ancestors from Oberkassel. The genetic studies on the human skeletons provide further information about their degree of relationship to each other and their phylogenetic position within the populations of Europe; they also help to date the expansion of modern humans out of Africa. Important questions regarding the domestication of wolves could be answered using mtDNA-analysis at the Oberkasseler dog and confirm that the Oberkasseler animal skeleton is a direct ancestor of today’s dogs. Among other things microCT-scans and experimental reconstructions clarified the motive and the material from which the grave goods are made. In 2012 we conducted fieldwork at the site in the quarry in Bonn-Oberkassel, aiming at the location of still undisturbed glacial layers and shifted sediments from the destroyed burial and thus to gain important insights into the chronology and the original site. In fact it might also reveal whether the burial from the Rabenlay is a singular event, part of a repeatedly visited burial site or whether it corresponds to a nearby, as yet undiscovered living site.