While Giotto's mural paintings in the Franciscan church of S. Croce are a central historical source for the reconstruction of this painter, the relationship between painting and the changing urban environment during the Florentine Due-and Trecento remains still to be examined. The contribution of the Franciscans, as one of the main mendicant orders that flourished during this period can not be neglected insofar as they were seminal regarding the artistic patronage as well as the cultural development of the city through a new understanding of commercial pathways. The present study would like to dedicate its focus to the Franciscan decoration of the Florentine church of S. Croce, specifically the Bardi and Peruzzi chapels, in respect to these new contributions of the mendicant order to the urban development of the city of Florence. A major element of the paper will be to trace their Florentine art patronage back to its decoration in their main church of Assisi and thus to propose a different interpretation that the scholarship has so far pursued: namely that Giotto's fresco cycle develops in itself an apostolic story of St. Francis in relation to his contributions to the medieval city. This correlation is further to be based on the liturgical and the ceremonial endowment of the Florentine church itself that mirrors the social as well as the economic contributions of the Franciscans to the city.

The book provides a detailed study of the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana and its interior decoration which today still remains inaccessible to the ordinary visit. Placing the history of the Vatican Library in the larger context of how erudition was administered and organized within the Early Modern Roman Curia, the book will also take into consideration how the Vaticana was used in contrast to other newly founded libraries.

The Augustinian friar Onofrio Panvinio is primarily known for his antiquarian studies about ancient Rome as well as his edition of Bartolomeo Platina’s Lives of the Popes. His preoccupation with the Roman rite, however, remains until today largely unknown by modern scholarship. A large inventory of Panvinio’s unpublished manuscripts concerning the development of Roman liturgy after 1560 still lies unexplored in the Apostolic Library as well as in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana and the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich.
The following edition of a previously unknown work by Panvinio, his Vetusti aliquot rituales libri, aims at bringing out for the first time in scholarship an ample and detailed study of Onofrio Panvinio’s preoccupations with Roman ritual and its various visible forms as manifested in the various celebrations by the Roman Curia during the second half of the sixteenth century. It considers the various manuscript versions of Panvinio’s treatise, which he composed for Cardinal Alessandro Farnese in 1564 and then also sent another version to Hans Jacob Fugger in Augsburg a year later. Furthermore, an extensive commentary also contextualizes Panvinio’s compilation of liturgical texts in relationship with his hitherto unedited correspondence with Hans Jacob Fugger.

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With the discovery of the tombs of the first early Christian martyrs in 1578, the papacy and the curia could not only sustain their claims for the primacy of Rome in theological matters based on the fact that it was the primary place of early Christian martyrdom, but now it became possible to support this claim with visual evidence. This evidentiary character of early Christian Martyrdom had significant consequences for the adoption and interpretation of the Roman liturgy, especially the veneration of saints that the Protestants so vehemently attempted to deny. This chapter explores the influence of this discovery in general but also in the context of an emergent scientific discourse at the Roman curia about celestial phenomena that received new impetus after the observation of a series of comets around the Jubilee Year of 1575, the interpretation of which would influence the pope’s decision to reform the Julian calendar. This reform would furthermore be adopted by the Oratorian—and...

The following paper proposes an interpretation of the first pictorial program inside the Sistine Chapel on the basis of the development of Curial Ceremony. With the construction of a new chapel inside the Vatican Apostolic Palace, which effectively replaced the previous cappella magna, an ambitious program in stratifying the Caeremoniale Romanae Curiae according to Pope Sixtus IV’s administration of the Roman Church through the construction and affirmation of papal ecclesiastical supremacy.

The following entry lays out the development of the Vatican Library in the Early Modern period. It aims at demonstrating how this particular space within the Apostolic Palace generated a culture of ecclesiastical erudition that is still vibrantly represented in today's institutional working practices. Glossary Librarian ("Bibliothecarius") An individual assigned with the administration of a library or a collection of books. Custodian A person, whose responsibilities are delineated in taking care of or protecting a library and its collection of books and manuscripts. Ecclesiastical Government The institutional formation of administering the Roman Church, dispensing Divine Grace and guaranteeing the salvific message as conveyed by the Holy Scriptures.

Since Antiquity, libraries have constituted a vital and organic part of the overall organization of an ecclesiastical or civic community. The accessibility and consultation of knowledge was at the forefront of early functioning societies. With the gradual dissolution of the Roman Empire, however, a substantial shift from pagan to Christian forms of socioeconomic as well as political circumstances occurred that prompted the establishment of collections of books which pertained to monastic communities. Until the recalibration of erudition through the first generation of scholars and erudite intellectuals, who sought a substantial reappropriation of Rome's antiquarian heritage in the later 14th century, these monastic libraries determined the pace of the progression of ecclesiastical as well as civic erudition. With the gradual formation of city-states and other forms of sovereign as well as self-governing communal governments, another paradigm in the evolution of libraries was introduced that would decisively delineate the features of the emerging 'Renaissance Library'. The following entry thus presents this development of libraries from the viewpoint of an entanglement between their institutional evolution and the respective actors engaged in the personnel of the administration and organization of book and manuscript collections from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.

Der Beitrag stellt das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen dem Freiburger Stadtpfarrer Sebastian Werro und der städtischen Obrigkeit im Zusammenhang mit der Verwaltung des Kapitels von St. Nikolaus dar. Auf der Grundlage der in Freiburger Archiven und Bibliotheken zu findenden Quellen wird Sebastian Werros kirchliche Laufbahn untersucht. Welche Konflikte ergaben sich zwischen Werro und der städtischen Obrigkeit im Kontext der katholischen Reform? Inwiefern war Werro an der Abfassung eines ersten Zeremonialbuchs für das Nikolausstift beteiligt? Entlang dieser Fragen werden neue Perspektiven auf das religiöse Leben in der Stadt und im Kanton Freiburg des späten 16. Jahrhunderts geöffnet.