Papers by Andrzej Romanowski
Pomorania Antiqua, 2024
Comprehensive excavation research on Westerplatte has been conducted since 2016 by archaeologists... more Comprehensive excavation research on Westerplatte has been conducted since 2016 by archaeologists from the Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk. During ten stages of work, an area with a total surface of over 7.500 m² was examined, delivering over 80 thousand different types of artefacts, which are evidence of human activity from the beginnings of the formation of Westerplatte in the mid-17th century until the mid-20th century. A large part of this collection are objects related to the functioning of the Military Transit Depot, including primarily its heroic defence in September 1939. Among the discovered artefacts, however, there are also much older ones, and among them those from the Roman influence period. The materials dated in this way include two bronze coins and two fragments of pottery vessels. The first of the coins (IP. 689/2017) was identified as type AE3, Constantine I, Constantine II , or Constantius II , from the years 330-341 AD; the second coin (IP. 13/2017) is AE3, Valens, dated to the period between August 24 of 367 AD and November 17 of
375 AD. The pottery fragment (IP. 1576/2019) is the upper part of a vessel with a fully preserved handle. Morphological and technological features allow the described fragment to be classified as part of a vase from group IV, type B or C, according to the typology of pottery vessels of the Wielbark culture by R. Wołągiewicz. The second of the discovered fragments (IP. 480/2024) should also be considered part of a group I V vase, most likely type A. Group IV vases are dated to phases from B2 to C1b/C2. Due to the fact that Westerplatte was formed only in the mid-17th century, the described artefacts must have found their way to the peninsula as a result of postdepositional processes. They probably ended up on Westerplatte with soil brought to the peninsula to strengthen its structure, or they come from dredging the bottom of the port canal between Westerplatte and Nowy Port, which was carried out systematically since the first half of the 18th century. Regardless of the way in which the described artefacts ended up on Westerplatte, they most likely came from an unidentified Wielbark culture site located not far from the peninsula.
Journal of Archaeological Studies in India, 2023
Western Indian ports have played a vital role in regional and maritime trade right from the ancie... more Western Indian ports have played a vital role in regional and maritime trade right from the ancient period. The present study focuses on the geomorphological investigations carried out at the site of Nalasopara (district Palgarh, Maharashtra) in January 2020 in collaboration with INHCRF, Nashik, and the Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw. An auger survey was done across the site in addition to an archaeological survey, metal detector survey, GIS analysis, and UAV mapping. The aim was to assess the nature of subsurface sediments as well as surface features in order to understand paleo-landscape and coastal histories besides knowing the extent of archaeological deposits on which human habitation survived from the Mesolithic to the present period. The data presented here points to the destruction of ancient habitation site due to sea level rise as well as the siltation of large depressions. The results also contribute to a preliminary understanding of the paleo coastal environments and coastal histories. The analysis of auger samples of certain key locations helps us to understand long-term site formation processes and hints at sea-level changes that not only destroyed the past records of human occupation of the coastal areas but also acted as a driving force behind settlement abandonment as well as in the formation of newly created coastal hot spots throughout ancient and medieval period.
JOURNAL OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF MUMBAI, 2023
North Konkan or ancient Aparanta has historical tradition from the Mauryan period. Its ancient ca... more North Konkan or ancient Aparanta has historical tradition from the Mauryan period. Its ancient capital Sopara or Śurpāraka was the port town, which has provided rich archaeological antiquity of this period in the form of Ashokan edicts (Hultzsch 1925, Sircar 1987) and stupa (Indraji 1881-82).The port town and its trade contacts with Mediterranean region have been mentioned in the classical and Indian literature. The importance of the site as a port town seems to be continuous till the 17th century CE (Arunachalam 2002). However, the creek was navigable for small boats till 1882 CE (Campbell 1882a). Besides these the place was a famous tirth or religious centre and the continued religious activity is seen in the region. The initial period was dominated by Buddhism, which seems to continue till the early medieval period. Early Medieval period also marked Brahmanical and Jaina traditions. In this paper, I will present some of the sculptural and architectural relics found during the preliminary survey conducted by INHCRF, Nashik and Warsaw University, Poland in the 2019-2020 field season. Also a preliminary attempt to compare the images on stylistic ground with other important sites of the period is done. Beyond these a minor effort to understand the socio-religious history of the landscape has been done.
Imperial Horizons of the Silk Roads. Archaeological Case Studies, 2023
The ancient Sopara port served as one of the key components in the maritime network at the beginn... more The ancient Sopara port served as one of the key components in the maritime network at the beginning of the Christian Era, covering the demand for luxury goods in many parts of the western Indian Ocean. Although its trade links were attested by the accounts of medieval Arab and Persian travelers and its Portugal rulers, the archaeological site remains understudied and the political and cultural history unclear. This chapter presents the results of a fieldwork, aimed to document the Indian port. It proposes working hypotheses on its composition and the reasons for the decline and discusses its role in the Silk Roads connections and exchange. The first systematic attempt to understand the archaeological and architectural remains also forms a basis for further research on Indian coastal settlements.
Darczyńcy polskich muzeów. Historia i współczesność, tom I, red. naukowa Magdalena Białonowska, Katarzyna Mączewska, proj. graficzny Adam Glabas, Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie, Zamek Królewski w Warszawie, 2021
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne, 2023
Wystawa opowiadała o początkach działalności Gabinetu Monet i Medali Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawi... more Wystawa opowiadała o początkach działalności Gabinetu Monet i Medali Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie i kluczowym wydarzeniu, którym było przyjęcie przez Muzeum dwóch wielkich zbiorów numizmatycznych – kolekcji monet polskich Kazimierza hr. Sobańskiego i kolekcji monet antycznych dr. Władysława Semerau-Siemianowskiego. Miało to miejsce w 1920 i 1921 roku, w czasach, gdy struktury MNW dopiero powstawały. W stulecie działalności Gabinetu Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie uhonorowało jego pierwszych darczyńców, opowiadając historię ich życia, pasji oraz przedstawiając okoliczności przekazania kolekcji, które stały się podstawą dla dzisiejszego zbioru numizmatycznego MNW. Jubileusz był doskonałą okazją, żeby przybliżyć naszym gościom zbiór Gabinetu Monet i Medali oraz pokazać jego współczesny potencjał.
The exhibition told about the beginnings of the Coins and Medals Department of the National Museum in Warsaw and a key event, namely the Museum’s acquisition of two considerable numismatic collections – Count Kazimierz Sobański’s collection of Polish coins and Dr. Władysław Semerau-Siemianowski’s collection of antique coins. These acquisitions took place in 1920 and 1921 respectively at a time when the structures of the National Museum in Warsaw were just being established. To mark the centenary of the Coins and Medals Department, the National Museum in Warsaw to paid tribute to its first benefactors by telling the story of their lives and passions, and presented the circumstances surrounding the donation of their collections, which became the foundation of today's numismatic collection at the National Museum in Warsaw. This jubilee was a great opportunity to provide visitors a closer look at the collection of the Coins and Medals Department and show the collection’s potential today.
Compte rendu 68/2021 Publié par le Secrétariat du Conseil, 2021
Notae numismaticae/ Zapiski Numizmatyczne, 2021
The article presents new discoveries of Roman coins made during
regular surface surveys on Przewo... more The article presents new discoveries of Roman coins made during
regular surface surveys on Przeworsk culture settlements located in the northern part of the loess highlands of the Western Lesser Poland region. A total of ten Roman coins were found in five sites, most of them issued during the Antonine dynasty. In almost all cases, they were accompanied by artefacts illustrating the variety of settlement contexts related to monetary finds. The majority of such finds constitute accurate date stamps showing the chronology of the settlement development, which
may be an additional argument in the discussion on the influx of Roman coins into the Central European Barbaricum.
Artykuł prezentuje nowe znaleziska monet rzymskich dokonane podczas badań powierzchniowych na osadach kultury przeworskiej położonych w północnej części wyżyny lessowej w zachodniej Małopolsce. Na pięciu stanowiskach znaleziono dziesięć monet rzymskich, w większości bitych w czasach dynastii Antoninów.Prawie we wszystkich przypadkach monetom towarzyszyły artefakty bardzo dobrze ilustrujące różnorodne konteksty osadnictwa. Większość tych znalezisk stanowi dokładne datowniki pokazujące chronologię rozwoju osadnictwa, co może stanowić
dodatkowy argument w dyskusji na temat napływu monet rzymskich do środkowoeuropejskiego Barbaricum.
Банкаўскі Вестнік, 2022
The article examines and analyzes coins from the treasure of the XVII century, which was found du... more The article examines and analyzes coins from the treasure of the XVII century, which was found during excavations in Lida in the interwar period. Currently, a third of the deposit is in the funds of the National Museum in Warsaw. The youngest coins in the treasure include Russian wire kopecks of Petr I (1696-1725) and at the same time testify to the time of preservation of the treasure during the Great Northern War (1700-1721).
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne, 2021
In the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw there are four small sets, originating from th... more In the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw there are four small sets, originating from the eastern lands of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. They had belonged
to the collection of Józef Choynowski and, as a deposit of the Society for the Encouragement of
Fine Arts, in 1923 became a part of the Museum’s collection. They represent quite a wide time
horizon, dated from the beginning of the 16th century to the half of the 17th century. Their compositions are similar to deposits from the same period, and size allow to determine them as content
of purses. The older hoards are homogeneous in nature, while the later ones are more varied, including, among others, many counterfeit coins. The circumstances of their deposition are unknown.
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne, 2021
In the first centuries after Christ, the Indian subcontinent entered the orbit of the Roman state... more In the first centuries after Christ, the Indian subcontinent entered the orbit of the Roman state’s trade interests. The subject of the exchange was a number of goods, including Roman coins. Their influx is documented by numerous finds as well as by ancient authors. One of the territories where we register quite a large number of Roman coin finds is the area of early historical Andhra. The specimens discovered here are found in various contexts, indicating their various applications. The hoards of silver and gold coins allow the observation of successive waves of the influx of Roman money, which is also confirmed by the finds of other categories – stray and settlement. The internal differentiation of the latter also allowed to define their mutual relations and tendencies in circulation. Observations of numismatic material and analysis of sources indicate that Roman coins could have had the function of a medium of exchange or payment in Andhra or, more broadly, India, but also played a bullion and prestigious role. The time of the influx of Roman money indicates that it was associated primarily with the period of the Satavahana Empire in Andhra. The essentially small number of registered Roman coins in relation to the territory and its role in trade indicates that the coins were only one, perhaps not a key element of Indo-Roman trade.
W pierwszych wiekach po Chrystusie, subkontynent indyjski wszedł w orbitę handlowych zainteresowań państwa rzymskiego. Przedmiotem wymiany był szereg towarów, wśród których znalazły się rzymskie monety. Ich napływ dokumentują liczne znaleziska, a także przekazy autorów antycznych. Jednym z terytoriów, na którym rejestrujemy dość licznie znaleziska monet rzymskich, jest teren wczesnohistorycznej Andhry. Odkryte tu egzemplarze, znajdowane są w różnych kontekstach, co wskazuje na ich różnorodne zastosowanie. Skarby monet srebrnych i złotych pozwalają na obserwację kolejnych fal napływu rzymskiego pieniądza, co potwierdzają także znaleziska innych kategorii – luźne i osadnicze. Wewnętrzne zróżnicowanie tych ostatnich pozwoliło też na określenie ich wzajemnych relacji i tendencji w cyrkulacji. Obserwacje materiału numizmatycznego i analiza źródeł wskazuje, że rzymskie monety, mogły mieć w Andhrze, czy szerzej w Indiach, funkcję środka wymiany, czy płatności, ale także odgrywać rolę kruszcową i prestiżową. Czas napływu rzymskiego pieniądza wskazuje, że był on związany przede wszystkim z okresem władania w dynastii Satawahanów. Niewielka liczba zarejestrowanych monet rzymskich w relacji do terytorium i jego roli w handlu wskazuje, że monety były tylko jednym, zapewne nie kluczowym elementem handlu indo-rzymskiego.
"1920-2020. Sto lat nowoczesnego nauczania interny w Warszawie. Mściwój Semerau-Siemianowski – ojciec współczesnej kardiologii”, Katalog wystawy, Muzeum Historii Medycyny Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego, Styczeń 2020. Warszawa 2019, s. 30-31., 2019
Warszawskie Materiały Archeologiczne 14, 2017
XV International Numismatic Congress Taormina 2015 Proceedings Volume II, 2017
From the younger pre-Roman period (ca. 180 BC) 1 much of the territory of present day Poland, inc... more From the younger pre-Roman period (ca. 180 BC) 1 much of the territory of present day Poland, including Lesser Poland 2 was under Przeworsk Culture 3 continuing in existence for more than six centuries, into the first half of the fifth century AD. The Roman coins discussed in the present article recovered from the settlements of this culture are examined here in this context.
Numismatický Sborník, 2017
Starting from the younger pre-Roman period the middle Prosna drainage continues under intensive
P... more Starting from the younger pre-Roman period the middle Prosna drainage continues under intensive
Przeworsk culture settlement. The middle Prosna drainage, covering the present-day city of Kalisz and
its environs lies in south-eastern Greater Poland and appears to be one of the largest concentrations of
Roman Republican coin finds in Poland. Next to the middle Prosna drainage similar concentrations are
recorded in Kuyavia in the region of Inowrocław, in the Głubczyce Upland in Upper Silesia, and in western
Lesser Poland in the region of Krakow. From Kalisz and its region we know of twelve finds of Roman
Republican denarii dated to 2nd and 1st centuries BC. Most of the Republican coins were discovered with
a much larger quantity of Roman Imperial coins, predominantly denarii from 1st and 2nd centuries AD. A few of the Republican denarii found in Kalisz and its environs definitely come from Przeworsk culture settlement context.
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne, 2018
Surface prospection at site 5 in Nieprowice, Pińczów county, Świętokrzyskie voivodship, revealed ... more Surface prospection at site 5 in Nieprowice, Pińczów county, Świętokrzyskie voivodship, revealed a quite large series of Roman coins (33 specimens), accompanied by numerous and differentiated artefacts of the Przeworsk culture. Many of the artefacts are metal decorations and elements of dress that usually provide precise dating of archaeological sites. Site 5 at Nieprowice was occupied by people of the Przeworsk culture beginning with phase A2 of the younger Pre-Roman Period to the beginning of the Migration Period. The coins are exceptionally abundant and they are more differentiated than it is usual in surface prospection on the sites of the Przeworsk culture settlements, hence this place could be a central settlement in the region.
FOLIA NUMISMATICA, 2014
In 2009, field work was carried out in Słochy Annopolskie, in Podlasie (Poland). As a result, it ... more In 2009, field work was carried out in Słochy Annopolskie, in Podlasie (Poland). As a result, it has been hoard
of Roman denarii. The research resulted in 53 denarii, dating from the time of the Republic - Julius Caesar coin of
44, till the reign of Hadrian - Denar 138 years Chronological structure of the Treasury indicates that this team is
different from the usual, found on Polish territory. TPQ, leads to the conclusion that he arrived several years earlier
than the biggest wave of influx of money Roman Polish lands, i.e. at the end of the second – the beginning of
the third century, is at least the second known case of its kind in Poland, which makes us think about the possible
circumstances of the arrival of the teams in the areas Barbaricum and assume that we have to deal with an elusive
so far, with a stream of Roman money that could come north of the limes, back in the 40s Second century.
Notae Numismaticae-Zapiski Numizmatyczne, 2015
The group of 1st and 2nd-century Roman denarii recovered during
an archaeological surface survey ... more The group of 1st and 2nd-century Roman denarii recovered during
an archaeological surface survey made in 2008 of a Przeworsk Culture site
at Osiny in the Grodzisk Mazowiecki district (Central Poland) includes an eccentric
barbarous imitation. An analysis of its obverse and reverse representations
identified this specimen as a hybrid, a combination of types never seen on official
Roman coins. The obverse representation is one of three empresses – Faustina II,
Lucilla, Crispina – the reverse representation is of Mars standing. Since in Roman
coinage the depiction of the god of war was reserved for the emperor, the combination
on the denarius from Osiny would never have appeared on any regular
Roman coin. The imitation denarius from Osiny is the only such hybrid discovered
in Poland. Similar coins have been recorded in Ukraine and Moldova. This type
of hybrid, albeit with a combination of other obverse and reverse types, has been
noted in northern Europe. Some imitative issues of this kind, recorded on Gotland,
have been die-linked to coins discovered in Ukraine and the Danube region. Taking
his cue from findings of researchers concerning the place of manufacture and
the pattern of dissemination of imitations of Roman denarii the author goes on to
argue that the Osiny denarius was manufactured locally. Other Roman coins have
been recovered in the same region, most notably in the Drzewicz Nowy hoard. The
coins found in this deposit would have provided the model for the obverse and the
reverse of the Osiny denarius, its maker would have been recruited from among
local, skilled craftsmen who presumably were not in short supply in the Mazovian
Centre of Metallurgy which operated in this area during the Roman Period.
The possible function of the barbarous imitative denarius within the Barbarian
community is examined, but without much success.
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Papers by Andrzej Romanowski
375 AD. The pottery fragment (IP. 1576/2019) is the upper part of a vessel with a fully preserved handle. Morphological and technological features allow the described fragment to be classified as part of a vase from group IV, type B or C, according to the typology of pottery vessels of the Wielbark culture by R. Wołągiewicz. The second of the discovered fragments (IP. 480/2024) should also be considered part of a group I V vase, most likely type A. Group IV vases are dated to phases from B2 to C1b/C2. Due to the fact that Westerplatte was formed only in the mid-17th century, the described artefacts must have found their way to the peninsula as a result of postdepositional processes. They probably ended up on Westerplatte with soil brought to the peninsula to strengthen its structure, or they come from dredging the bottom of the port canal between Westerplatte and Nowy Port, which was carried out systematically since the first half of the 18th century. Regardless of the way in which the described artefacts ended up on Westerplatte, they most likely came from an unidentified Wielbark culture site located not far from the peninsula.
The exhibition told about the beginnings of the Coins and Medals Department of the National Museum in Warsaw and a key event, namely the Museum’s acquisition of two considerable numismatic collections – Count Kazimierz Sobański’s collection of Polish coins and Dr. Władysław Semerau-Siemianowski’s collection of antique coins. These acquisitions took place in 1920 and 1921 respectively at a time when the structures of the National Museum in Warsaw were just being established. To mark the centenary of the Coins and Medals Department, the National Museum in Warsaw to paid tribute to its first benefactors by telling the story of their lives and passions, and presented the circumstances surrounding the donation of their collections, which became the foundation of today's numismatic collection at the National Museum in Warsaw. This jubilee was a great opportunity to provide visitors a closer look at the collection of the Coins and Medals Department and show the collection’s potential today.
regular surface surveys on Przeworsk culture settlements located in the northern part of the loess highlands of the Western Lesser Poland region. A total of ten Roman coins were found in five sites, most of them issued during the Antonine dynasty. In almost all cases, they were accompanied by artefacts illustrating the variety of settlement contexts related to monetary finds. The majority of such finds constitute accurate date stamps showing the chronology of the settlement development, which
may be an additional argument in the discussion on the influx of Roman coins into the Central European Barbaricum.
Artykuł prezentuje nowe znaleziska monet rzymskich dokonane podczas badań powierzchniowych na osadach kultury przeworskiej położonych w północnej części wyżyny lessowej w zachodniej Małopolsce. Na pięciu stanowiskach znaleziono dziesięć monet rzymskich, w większości bitych w czasach dynastii Antoninów.Prawie we wszystkich przypadkach monetom towarzyszyły artefakty bardzo dobrze ilustrujące różnorodne konteksty osadnictwa. Większość tych znalezisk stanowi dokładne datowniki pokazujące chronologię rozwoju osadnictwa, co może stanowić
dodatkowy argument w dyskusji na temat napływu monet rzymskich do środkowoeuropejskiego Barbaricum.
to the collection of Józef Choynowski and, as a deposit of the Society for the Encouragement of
Fine Arts, in 1923 became a part of the Museum’s collection. They represent quite a wide time
horizon, dated from the beginning of the 16th century to the half of the 17th century. Their compositions are similar to deposits from the same period, and size allow to determine them as content
of purses. The older hoards are homogeneous in nature, while the later ones are more varied, including, among others, many counterfeit coins. The circumstances of their deposition are unknown.
W pierwszych wiekach po Chrystusie, subkontynent indyjski wszedł w orbitę handlowych zainteresowań państwa rzymskiego. Przedmiotem wymiany był szereg towarów, wśród których znalazły się rzymskie monety. Ich napływ dokumentują liczne znaleziska, a także przekazy autorów antycznych. Jednym z terytoriów, na którym rejestrujemy dość licznie znaleziska monet rzymskich, jest teren wczesnohistorycznej Andhry. Odkryte tu egzemplarze, znajdowane są w różnych kontekstach, co wskazuje na ich różnorodne zastosowanie. Skarby monet srebrnych i złotych pozwalają na obserwację kolejnych fal napływu rzymskiego pieniądza, co potwierdzają także znaleziska innych kategorii – luźne i osadnicze. Wewnętrzne zróżnicowanie tych ostatnich pozwoliło też na określenie ich wzajemnych relacji i tendencji w cyrkulacji. Obserwacje materiału numizmatycznego i analiza źródeł wskazuje, że rzymskie monety, mogły mieć w Andhrze, czy szerzej w Indiach, funkcję środka wymiany, czy płatności, ale także odgrywać rolę kruszcową i prestiżową. Czas napływu rzymskiego pieniądza wskazuje, że był on związany przede wszystkim z okresem władania w dynastii Satawahanów. Niewielka liczba zarejestrowanych monet rzymskich w relacji do terytorium i jego roli w handlu wskazuje, że monety były tylko jednym, zapewne nie kluczowym elementem handlu indo-rzymskiego.
Przeworsk culture settlement. The middle Prosna drainage, covering the present-day city of Kalisz and
its environs lies in south-eastern Greater Poland and appears to be one of the largest concentrations of
Roman Republican coin finds in Poland. Next to the middle Prosna drainage similar concentrations are
recorded in Kuyavia in the region of Inowrocław, in the Głubczyce Upland in Upper Silesia, and in western
Lesser Poland in the region of Krakow. From Kalisz and its region we know of twelve finds of Roman
Republican denarii dated to 2nd and 1st centuries BC. Most of the Republican coins were discovered with
a much larger quantity of Roman Imperial coins, predominantly denarii from 1st and 2nd centuries AD. A few of the Republican denarii found in Kalisz and its environs definitely come from Przeworsk culture settlement context.
of Roman denarii. The research resulted in 53 denarii, dating from the time of the Republic - Julius Caesar coin of
44, till the reign of Hadrian - Denar 138 years Chronological structure of the Treasury indicates that this team is
different from the usual, found on Polish territory. TPQ, leads to the conclusion that he arrived several years earlier
than the biggest wave of influx of money Roman Polish lands, i.e. at the end of the second – the beginning of
the third century, is at least the second known case of its kind in Poland, which makes us think about the possible
circumstances of the arrival of the teams in the areas Barbaricum and assume that we have to deal with an elusive
so far, with a stream of Roman money that could come north of the limes, back in the 40s Second century.
an archaeological surface survey made in 2008 of a Przeworsk Culture site
at Osiny in the Grodzisk Mazowiecki district (Central Poland) includes an eccentric
barbarous imitation. An analysis of its obverse and reverse representations
identified this specimen as a hybrid, a combination of types never seen on official
Roman coins. The obverse representation is one of three empresses – Faustina II,
Lucilla, Crispina – the reverse representation is of Mars standing. Since in Roman
coinage the depiction of the god of war was reserved for the emperor, the combination
on the denarius from Osiny would never have appeared on any regular
Roman coin. The imitation denarius from Osiny is the only such hybrid discovered
in Poland. Similar coins have been recorded in Ukraine and Moldova. This type
of hybrid, albeit with a combination of other obverse and reverse types, has been
noted in northern Europe. Some imitative issues of this kind, recorded on Gotland,
have been die-linked to coins discovered in Ukraine and the Danube region. Taking
his cue from findings of researchers concerning the place of manufacture and
the pattern of dissemination of imitations of Roman denarii the author goes on to
argue that the Osiny denarius was manufactured locally. Other Roman coins have
been recovered in the same region, most notably in the Drzewicz Nowy hoard. The
coins found in this deposit would have provided the model for the obverse and the
reverse of the Osiny denarius, its maker would have been recruited from among
local, skilled craftsmen who presumably were not in short supply in the Mazovian
Centre of Metallurgy which operated in this area during the Roman Period.
The possible function of the barbarous imitative denarius within the Barbarian
community is examined, but without much success.
375 AD. The pottery fragment (IP. 1576/2019) is the upper part of a vessel with a fully preserved handle. Morphological and technological features allow the described fragment to be classified as part of a vase from group IV, type B or C, according to the typology of pottery vessels of the Wielbark culture by R. Wołągiewicz. The second of the discovered fragments (IP. 480/2024) should also be considered part of a group I V vase, most likely type A. Group IV vases are dated to phases from B2 to C1b/C2. Due to the fact that Westerplatte was formed only in the mid-17th century, the described artefacts must have found their way to the peninsula as a result of postdepositional processes. They probably ended up on Westerplatte with soil brought to the peninsula to strengthen its structure, or they come from dredging the bottom of the port canal between Westerplatte and Nowy Port, which was carried out systematically since the first half of the 18th century. Regardless of the way in which the described artefacts ended up on Westerplatte, they most likely came from an unidentified Wielbark culture site located not far from the peninsula.
The exhibition told about the beginnings of the Coins and Medals Department of the National Museum in Warsaw and a key event, namely the Museum’s acquisition of two considerable numismatic collections – Count Kazimierz Sobański’s collection of Polish coins and Dr. Władysław Semerau-Siemianowski’s collection of antique coins. These acquisitions took place in 1920 and 1921 respectively at a time when the structures of the National Museum in Warsaw were just being established. To mark the centenary of the Coins and Medals Department, the National Museum in Warsaw to paid tribute to its first benefactors by telling the story of their lives and passions, and presented the circumstances surrounding the donation of their collections, which became the foundation of today's numismatic collection at the National Museum in Warsaw. This jubilee was a great opportunity to provide visitors a closer look at the collection of the Coins and Medals Department and show the collection’s potential today.
regular surface surveys on Przeworsk culture settlements located in the northern part of the loess highlands of the Western Lesser Poland region. A total of ten Roman coins were found in five sites, most of them issued during the Antonine dynasty. In almost all cases, they were accompanied by artefacts illustrating the variety of settlement contexts related to monetary finds. The majority of such finds constitute accurate date stamps showing the chronology of the settlement development, which
may be an additional argument in the discussion on the influx of Roman coins into the Central European Barbaricum.
Artykuł prezentuje nowe znaleziska monet rzymskich dokonane podczas badań powierzchniowych na osadach kultury przeworskiej położonych w północnej części wyżyny lessowej w zachodniej Małopolsce. Na pięciu stanowiskach znaleziono dziesięć monet rzymskich, w większości bitych w czasach dynastii Antoninów.Prawie we wszystkich przypadkach monetom towarzyszyły artefakty bardzo dobrze ilustrujące różnorodne konteksty osadnictwa. Większość tych znalezisk stanowi dokładne datowniki pokazujące chronologię rozwoju osadnictwa, co może stanowić
dodatkowy argument w dyskusji na temat napływu monet rzymskich do środkowoeuropejskiego Barbaricum.
to the collection of Józef Choynowski and, as a deposit of the Society for the Encouragement of
Fine Arts, in 1923 became a part of the Museum’s collection. They represent quite a wide time
horizon, dated from the beginning of the 16th century to the half of the 17th century. Their compositions are similar to deposits from the same period, and size allow to determine them as content
of purses. The older hoards are homogeneous in nature, while the later ones are more varied, including, among others, many counterfeit coins. The circumstances of their deposition are unknown.
W pierwszych wiekach po Chrystusie, subkontynent indyjski wszedł w orbitę handlowych zainteresowań państwa rzymskiego. Przedmiotem wymiany był szereg towarów, wśród których znalazły się rzymskie monety. Ich napływ dokumentują liczne znaleziska, a także przekazy autorów antycznych. Jednym z terytoriów, na którym rejestrujemy dość licznie znaleziska monet rzymskich, jest teren wczesnohistorycznej Andhry. Odkryte tu egzemplarze, znajdowane są w różnych kontekstach, co wskazuje na ich różnorodne zastosowanie. Skarby monet srebrnych i złotych pozwalają na obserwację kolejnych fal napływu rzymskiego pieniądza, co potwierdzają także znaleziska innych kategorii – luźne i osadnicze. Wewnętrzne zróżnicowanie tych ostatnich pozwoliło też na określenie ich wzajemnych relacji i tendencji w cyrkulacji. Obserwacje materiału numizmatycznego i analiza źródeł wskazuje, że rzymskie monety, mogły mieć w Andhrze, czy szerzej w Indiach, funkcję środka wymiany, czy płatności, ale także odgrywać rolę kruszcową i prestiżową. Czas napływu rzymskiego pieniądza wskazuje, że był on związany przede wszystkim z okresem władania w dynastii Satawahanów. Niewielka liczba zarejestrowanych monet rzymskich w relacji do terytorium i jego roli w handlu wskazuje, że monety były tylko jednym, zapewne nie kluczowym elementem handlu indo-rzymskiego.
Przeworsk culture settlement. The middle Prosna drainage, covering the present-day city of Kalisz and
its environs lies in south-eastern Greater Poland and appears to be one of the largest concentrations of
Roman Republican coin finds in Poland. Next to the middle Prosna drainage similar concentrations are
recorded in Kuyavia in the region of Inowrocław, in the Głubczyce Upland in Upper Silesia, and in western
Lesser Poland in the region of Krakow. From Kalisz and its region we know of twelve finds of Roman
Republican denarii dated to 2nd and 1st centuries BC. Most of the Republican coins were discovered with
a much larger quantity of Roman Imperial coins, predominantly denarii from 1st and 2nd centuries AD. A few of the Republican denarii found in Kalisz and its environs definitely come from Przeworsk culture settlement context.
of Roman denarii. The research resulted in 53 denarii, dating from the time of the Republic - Julius Caesar coin of
44, till the reign of Hadrian - Denar 138 years Chronological structure of the Treasury indicates that this team is
different from the usual, found on Polish territory. TPQ, leads to the conclusion that he arrived several years earlier
than the biggest wave of influx of money Roman Polish lands, i.e. at the end of the second – the beginning of
the third century, is at least the second known case of its kind in Poland, which makes us think about the possible
circumstances of the arrival of the teams in the areas Barbaricum and assume that we have to deal with an elusive
so far, with a stream of Roman money that could come north of the limes, back in the 40s Second century.
an archaeological surface survey made in 2008 of a Przeworsk Culture site
at Osiny in the Grodzisk Mazowiecki district (Central Poland) includes an eccentric
barbarous imitation. An analysis of its obverse and reverse representations
identified this specimen as a hybrid, a combination of types never seen on official
Roman coins. The obverse representation is one of three empresses – Faustina II,
Lucilla, Crispina – the reverse representation is of Mars standing. Since in Roman
coinage the depiction of the god of war was reserved for the emperor, the combination
on the denarius from Osiny would never have appeared on any regular
Roman coin. The imitation denarius from Osiny is the only such hybrid discovered
in Poland. Similar coins have been recorded in Ukraine and Moldova. This type
of hybrid, albeit with a combination of other obverse and reverse types, has been
noted in northern Europe. Some imitative issues of this kind, recorded on Gotland,
have been die-linked to coins discovered in Ukraine and the Danube region. Taking
his cue from findings of researchers concerning the place of manufacture and
the pattern of dissemination of imitations of Roman denarii the author goes on to
argue that the Osiny denarius was manufactured locally. Other Roman coins have
been recovered in the same region, most notably in the Drzewicz Nowy hoard. The
coins found in this deposit would have provided the model for the obverse and the
reverse of the Osiny denarius, its maker would have been recruited from among
local, skilled craftsmen who presumably were not in short supply in the Mazovian
Centre of Metallurgy which operated in this area during the Roman Period.
The possible function of the barbarous imitative denarius within the Barbarian
community is examined, but without much success.
The exhibition tells about the beginnings of the Coins and Medals Department of the National Museum in Warsaw and a key event, namely the Museum’s acquisition of two considerable numismatic collections – Count Kazimierz Sobański’s collection of Polish coins and Dr. Władysław Semerau-Siemianowski’s collection of antique coins. These acquisitions took place in 1920 and 1921 respectively at a time when the structures of the National Museum in Warsaw were just being established. To mark the centenary of the Coins and Medals Department, the National Museum in Warsaw wishes to pay tribute to its first benefactors by telling the story of their lives and passions, and present the circumstances surrounding the donation of their collections, which became the foundation of today's numismatic collection at the National Museum in Warsaw. This jubilee is a great opportunity to provide visitors a closer look at the collection of the Coins and Medals Department and show the collection’s potential today.
Author's catalog notes (here signed - A.R.) - 295 items, illustrating the catalog of the exhibition "Czar srebra i magia złota. W kręgu monet i medali Prus Królewskich", which was presented in Malbork in 2006. There are coins from the collection of the Department of Coins and Medals of the National Museum in Warsaw.
ISBN: 978-83-63760-851-4
PREIS: 50 PLN (ca. 17 Euro)
Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN prezentuje tom Inwentarzy Polskich Skarbów Wczesnośredniowiecznych, w którym zebrano znaleziska skarbów i monet z lat 500–1150, z obszaru Warmii i Mazur oraz znaleziska z Polski z lat 2011-2013 wraz z uzupełnieniami i poprawkami. Na 340 stronach znajdują się szczegółowe wykazy i opisy skarbów, monet i ozdób – łącznie zarejestrowano 127 znalezisk, zawierających 8 643 obiekty. Wykazy uzupełnione są licznymi ilustracjami na 90 tablicach. Książkę można zamawiać w IAE PAN: http://www.iaepan.edu.pl (bookshop@iaepan.edu.pl) oraz w Księgarni Historycznej: http://ksiazkihistoryczne.pl
ISBN: 978-83-63760-851-4
CENA: 50 PLN
The Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology presents the Polish Early Medieval Hoards Inventories, bringing together all the hoard and single finds (500–1150) in the area of Ermland and Masuria together with finds from Poland 2011-2013 and Addenda et Corrigenda. At 340 pages the volume provides detailed lists and descriptions of hoards, coins and ornaments – a total of 127 registered finds, containing 8 643 objects. The lists are supplemented with numerous illustrations on 90 plates. The book can be ordered from IAE PAN: http://www.iaepan.edu.pl (bookshop@iaepan.edu.pl) or Historical Bookshop: http://ksiazkihistoryczne.pl
ISBN: 978-83-63760-851-4
PRICE: 50 PLN (approx. 17 Euro)
Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN prezentuje tom Inwentarzy Polskich Skarbów Wczesnośredniowiecznych, w którym zebrano znaleziska skarbów i monet z lat 500–1150, z obszaru Pomorza. Na 817 stronach znajdują się szczegółowe wykazy i opisy skarbów, monet i ozdób – łącznie zarejestrowano 291 znalezisk, zawierających 65 404 obiekty. Wykazy uzupełnione są licznymi ilustracjami na 109 tablicach. Książkę można zamawiać w IAE PAN: http://www.iaepan.edu.pl (bookshop@iaepan.edu.pl) oraz w Księgarni Historycznej: http://ksiazkihistoryczne.pl ISBN: 978-83-63760-61-8 CENA: 50 PLN
The Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology presents the Polish Early Medieval Hoards Inventories, bringing together all the hoard and single finds (500–1150) in the area of Pomerania. At 817 pages the volume provides detailed lists and descriptions of hoards, coins and ornaments – a total of 291 registered finds, containing 65 404 objects. The lists are supplemented with numerous illustrations on 109 plates. The book can be ordered from IAE PAN: http://www.iaepan.edu.pl (bookshop@iaepan.edu.pl) or Historical Bookshop: http://ksiazkihistoryczne.pl ISBN: 978-83-63760-61-8 PRICE: 50 PLN (approx. 17 Euro)
Středoevropské numismatické dny I, Kutná Hora 19.–22. 9. 2016.
Artykuł w druku/Article in print (Numismatický sborník).
Starting from the younger pre-Roman period the middle Prosna drainage continues under intensive Przeworsk culture settlement, sustained in this region for the duration of the Roman period, documenting presumably the existence of a tribal federation known from classical authors. The area was made attractive by various factors, e.g., its rich soils and location which made it possible to exert control over a hypothetical stage of the Amber Road, the major commercial route linking the South with the Baltic coast.
The middle Prosna drainage, covering the present-day city of Kalisz and its environs lies in south-eastern Greater Poland and appears to be have one of the largest concentrations of Roman Republican coins in Poland. Next to the middle Prosna drainage similar concentrations are recorded in Kuyavia in the region of Inowrocław, in the Głubczyce Upland in Upper Silesia, and in western Lesser Poland in the region of Krakow. From Kalisz and its region we know of twelve finds of Roman Republican denarii dated to 2nd and 1st centuries BC, from ten find-spots recorded by June 2015. So far no Republican bronzes, or silver Republican denominations other than the denarius have been recorded. Most of the Republican coins were discovered with a much larger quantity of Roman Imperial coins, predominantly denarii from AD 1st and 2nd century.
A few of the Republican denarii found in Kalisz and its environs definitely come from Przeworsk culture settlement context. This confirms a rule, observed for the whole area of central and southern Poland, where most of the denarii with a recorded archaeological context, even if very limited, come, certainly or probably, from the area of the Przeworsk culture settlements. For the entire area of southern and central Poland we can indicate Republican denarii presumably found in a context dated to the last phase (A3; ca. 60 BC – the turn of the era) of the younger pre-Roman period (among others Kalisz-Piwonice), and further similar denarii found in an early Roman period context (phases B1-B2; the turn of the era – ca. AD 160). It is notable that two, possibly even three settlements of the Przeworsk culture in Kalisz and its environs (Kalisz-Piwonice, Jastrzębniki and Janków Drugi), yielded finds of both Celtic gold coins and Republican denarii.
To confirm and supplement our data on Republican coins found in Kalisz and its environs, in 2014-2015 a follow-up archaeological surface survey with metal detectors was carried out in five sites in the region. Although no new Roman Republican coins were brought in by these studies, some other archaeological material and information was obtained, helping to verify and refine the earlier collected record on the Przeworsk culture settlement in the middle Prosna drainage.
Podczas badań powierzchniowych przeprowadzonych w 2008 roku, na stanowisku kultury przeworskiej w miejscowości Osiny, pow. Grodzisk Mazowiecki (Polska), znaleziono m.in. zabytkami, kilka monet rzymskich – denarów z I-II w. Wśród nich znajdował się denar naśladowczy, którego przedstawienia stały przedmiotem analizy. Oprócz rozważań nad określeniem pierwowzoru monety i czasu jej powstania, wysunięto tezę o możliwości lokalnego jej powstania.
Referat opublikowany: "An Extraordinary Barbarian Imitation of the 2nd-Century Roman Denarius from Central Poland (Osiny, Baranów Commune, Grodzisk Mazowiecki District)", Notae Numismaticae/ Zapiski Numizmatyczne, T. X., 2015, s. 115-130.
Full publication in: Inwentarz znalezisk monet rzymskich z prawobrzeżnego Mazowsza i Podlasia, „Numismatický Sborník”, 12, 2010, s. 95-114.
Full publication in: Możliwości interpretacyjne znalezisk monet rzymskich z osad (na przykładzie osady kultury przeworskiej w Kaliszu-Piwonicach). „Numismatický Sborník”, 26/1, 2011 (2012), s. 81-90.
Full publication in: Skarb denarów rzymskich z miejscowości Słochy Annopolskie, gm. Siemiatycze, pow. siemiatycki. Uwagi do chronologii napływu skarbów denarów rzymskich, na ziemie polskie, Folia Numismatica, 28/1, 2014 (2015), s. 35-41.
W referacie omówiono doświadczenia autorów z realizacji projektu badawczego: "Weryfikacja znalezisk monet na Mazowszu." Program koordynowany przez Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie, finansowany ze środków Ministra Kultury i Ochrony Dziedzictwa Narodowego, w ramach Programu Operacyjnego: Dziedzictwo kulturowe, Priorytet 4.
Patrz także, jako uzupełnienie: prezentacja "Aspekty metodologiczne badań z użyciem wykrywaczy metali.
Lecture, presented as part of the events accompanying the exhibition on the 100th anniversary of the Department of Coins and Medals of the National Museum in Warsaw ("The Prudent and the Romantic. The Centenary of the Department of Coins and Medals at the National Museum in Warsaw"). It presents the history and potential of that numismatic collection - the largest and most representative in Poland. Delivered on November 3, 2022 at the National Museum in Warsaw and the Polish Institute of World Art Studies, Seminar on artistic, applied and design crafts, Warsaw on February 9, 2023.
Patrz także, jako uzupełnienie: referat "Weryfikacja znalezisk monet doświadczenia z 2007 roku."