The primary objective of the proposed study is to determine the feasibility as application rocks
of those associated with the vulcanogenic complexes of La Carolina, San Luis. While this district
miner is indicated as a gold producer, its low grades have only allowed the exploitation
auriferous of the alluvium, proposing in this study a feasibility of mining exploitation with another
end. The mining district under study (fig. 1) is located between the coordinates (32º45'S-66º04'W) and
(20º51, S-66º08'W), the most important town being "La Carolina".

The research aims to draw a solution to the problems generated by unplanned urbanizations developments.  These investigations will be oriented to give the necessary guidelines of the degradation processes that can negatively interact with said urbanizations. As a solution to the problem issue, a predictive model will be implemented for planning urbanization and landscape conservation (Geopotential Map of landscape alteration due to urbanization).  Landscape alteration models are built with the systematic ordering of information, which describes the essential characteristics of the phenomena involved.
A method of preparing thematic maps is proposed through the use of traditional mathematical calculation, in order to give quick, cheap and simple answers in its preparation, especially used in the design of the geopotential map, in order to capture the impacts in it. negative that could impact on the environment any disturbing agent. In order to define digital terrain models, a method based on the use of regular rectangular networks and segmental interpolation is taken into account. The Geopotentials of Alteration Map is elaborated by means of the superimposition of rectangular networks composed of 100 cells of 1.6 km by 3.2 km, on each of the Thematic Maps previously built, quantifying in each one of them the characteristics considered in the Design Matrix. 

The Argentina shows a wide distribution of silts quaternary loess. These deposits present similar aspects, especially for the limy texture, the sequence of dark to clear brown colors of and slope about 70%.  The microscopic studies of their sands show a very varied mineralogy.  In this work a determinative method has been developed to evaluate the volocanic material petrology of the quaternary loess.  So that, as comparison material has taken the volcanic material of the Hudson and Lascar volcanos.  This material has been obtained in the later days of the extrusion so in this way they have not shown silt contamination.  For these studies a series of profiles has been selected discriminated according to geographical positions. The mineralogic studies have been carried out by means of the polarisation microscope. The aspects presented by the volcanic glasses have been counted. The Dryden coefficient is applied over the volcanic glass percentage. This algorithm  indicates the similarity among the material  considered, x and y are the  percentage of team to compare and n the number of this couples:  r2=[(xy)-n(MxMy)] 2{[(x2)-nMx2] [(y2)-nMy2]}-1. In conclusion the silts associated to the Pareditas tuff and Postpampeano loess of Rodeo Viejo presents a similarity of 90% with the Hudson volcanic material. These silts present quartz-andesitic petrology for theirs  volcanic  material.  Moreover the silts associated to the Paleosuelo Correntoso and Ensenadense loess of Rodeo Viejo presents a similarity of  90% with the Lascar volcanic material, this silts show a dacitic-andesitic petrology for theirs volcanic material .

The contamination in the substrate is the physical, chemical or biological imbalance mainly due to the inadequate handling of solid and liquid waste. The toxic elements deposited on the substrate are transferred to plants and animals and later to people. In this work we will try to develop a determinative method in order to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate rocks as possible waste containers and their behavior against possible leachates.
The serious problem that substrate contamination represents is an aspect that is only recently being recognized. Before the 1970s, there was talk of air and water pollution, but the substrate was considered to have an almost infinite capacity for self-purification. World sensitivity begins to change after the declaration of the "European Soil Charter" developed by the European Community in 1972. In the 4th Environmental Action Program of the European Community (1987-1992) the need is officially recognized of a regulation referring to the protection of the substrate and the governments of the member countries are urged to elaborate a protection regulation under the guidelines contained in the "Scientific Bases for Soil Protection in the European Community".
The studies in this first stage focused especially on some bodies composed of crystalline rocks, present in the area of the Sierras Pampeanas. The work consisted of collecting bibliographic and cartographic information from previous work carried out in the area. Maps and geological profiles that were constructed by converting the basic cartographic information from analog to digital format, thus obtaining the contour map. Panchromatic aerial photographs were scanned at a resolution of 600 dpi and together with the satellite image they were georeferenced based on control points obtained from the existing cartography and GPS points obtained in the field. Field visits were made to verify the photointerpreted features and obtaining coordinates of sites of geological interest using GPS.
Analyzing the results of the studies carried out, it is possible to establish the most appropriate petrology of the rock formations for the disposal of repositories. Thus, the most appropriate rocks for the final disposal of residues whose remaining constituents generate microenvironments that vary from pH4 to pH8, turn out to be metamorphic limestones. Mesobasic rocks such as andesites and diorites present values of alternation slightly lower than the previous ones, while those of acid petrology such as granites and granodiorites would be less appropriate.

A statistical mineralogical method is proposed in order to evaluate the potential deterioration of the most widely used marbles in Argentina. The method is based on the evaluation of the mineralogical characteristics that most influence the alteration of ornamental plates. The term marble in the commercial sense is applied to rocks of carbonate composition (whose hardness does not exceed 5 points on the Mohs hardness scale), which are used in construction in order to take advantage of both their physical and aesthetic properties. . These rocks under study are evaluated from the perspective of ornamental stone (Alcalá, 1991). The nomination or mineral classification of a studied carbonate rock derives from the harmonization of one or more of its characteristics. The first characteristic is the one that highlights the petrological aspect of the rock, the second reflects the chromatic aspect and the third refers to its geographical origin. The origin of the following rocks studied is Córdoba, Argentina: Serrano White, Sea White, Dorée Green, Jade Green, Candelaria Gray, Platinum Gray, Cloud Gray. The following stone plates studied come from Italy: Blanco Carrara, Verona, Botticcino, Crema Marfil, Verde Alpi. Cedolin Travertine, Selco Travertine and Cedolin Wood come from Chile. Ornamental marbles are widely used, being important any study that proposes an improvement in their use and conservation. The factors that are taken into account to determine the ornamental quality of these rocks are standardized, being able to cite the standards: UNI of Italy, UNE of Europe, A.S.T.M. USA and I.R.A.M. in Argentina

The method is based on the evaluation of the mineralogical characteristics that most influence the alteration of ornamental plates. These characteristics were also determined for White Carrara marble, in order to use these values as a comparison with the marbles studied. From this comparison we can indicate that the following marbles are optimal as floor covering and exterior cladding: Green Doreé, Green Lemon, White Snow, and Green Cipollino.

In this work  is applied a mineral statistical method that lets decide the use like application rock of those associated to The Carolina's volcanic complexes San Luis, Argentina. The pretertiary basement has been elevated and fractured, and followed by a volcanic event that has formed andesític, dacític rocks and associate dikes.  The volcanic complex  of cenozoic age is formed mainly by domes, lava flows, and volvanic dikes. The applied method permits to determine the most convenient use for the stony plate. This is how coatings intern, coatings external and floors. The percentage of the mineral species, grain size, types of borders, micro fractures and present discontinuities have been counted.    These data have been obtained from thin slice. After having evaluated the mineral alteration parameters, statistical calculations have been applied. These statistical calculations have permitted to determine the rock alteration velocity.
As a result of these studies we can indicate that the rocks associated to the volcanic domes are the most resistant to the alteration. The rocks associated to the lava flows lose temper in acid environments. The rocks associated to the volcanic dikes are the less resistant to the alteration.

The subsidence and heave are one of the geotechnical problems more important  associated with Córdoba loess soils. The change of the mineral internal structure  in the  loess soils cause volume modification  that generate the potential danger of subsidence. The mineralogical evolution and the geotechnical behavior in these soils are governed by the prevalent environmental handlings in the region.
A sequence of quaternary loess soils associated to a landscape with high “carcavamiento” has been studied. In this paper are examined the clay minerals associated with the loess soils located in the superior basin of the Aº Tegua, Dto. Rio Cuarto, Prov. de Córdoba.
The two-micron fraction was concentrated without previous destruction of cements and the determination of the mineral species has been carried out by means of X-Ray Diffraction methods.
The clay minerals more abundant are the 2:1 non expanded and rather crystallized ones.  The 1:1non expanded mineral have disorderly structure and the 2:1 expanded are concentrated in the calcic horizons.  The presence of palygoskite clay group was possible also to determine. The clay mineral composition in the studied sedimentary sequence is not homogeneous and the physical behavior of the different silts depends on the abundance and distribution of the clay minerals that carry. We can indicate that the clay minerals most unstable under humidity-desiccation conditions are fireclay one and those of the palygorskite group.

The subsidence and heave is one of the geotechnical problems more important  associated with Córdoba loess soils. The change of the mineral internal structure in the  loess soils cause volume modification  that generate the potential danger of subsidence. The mineralogical evolution and the geotechnical behaviour in these soils are governed by the prevalent environmental handlings in the region. A sequence of quaternary loess soils associated to a landscape with high “carcavamiento” has been studied. In this paper are examined the clay minerals and  the calcium carbonates associated with the loess soils located in the superior basin of the Aº Tegua, Dto. Rio Cuarto, Prov. de Córdoba. The two-micron fraction was concentrated without previous destruction of cements and the determination of the mineral species has been carried out by means of X-Ray Diffraction methods.  The clay minerals more abundant are the 2:1 non-expanded and rather crystallized ones.  The 1:1non expanded mineral have disorderly structure and the 2:1 expanded are concentrated in the calcic horizons.  The presence of palygoskite clay group was possible also to determine. The clay mineral composition in the studied sedimentary sequence is not homogeneous and the physical behavior of the different silts depends on the abundance and distribution of the clay minerals that carry. We can indicate that the clay minerals most unstable under humidity-desiccation conditions are fireclay one and those of the palygorskite group. Recapitulating we can express that:  vaterite is associated to more young silts and to a low alkaline environmental paleosoils genesis, but with a local CaCO3 supersaturation and alkalinity increase, vaterite transforms to calcite. Aragonite is associated to the oldest sediments and their presence indicates an increment of temperature, extensive time of crystallization with high values of pH like environmental genesis.

The objective of this work is to study the mineralogy of the sands and clays of the quaternary deposits in the San Luis Mountain, Argentina. The sands have been studied by way of the petrography microscope. A series of algorithms applied to the sand fraction has permitted to determine sedimentary discontinuities. The two micron fraction of the sediments has been studied by a quantification technique based on X-ray diffraction by means of oriented preparations and run with copper tube. These quaternary silts have received fluvial lateral contributions. The high cristalinidad of non expandibles and fireclay clay show the antique of the silts. The polygenic processes have generated a great variety of clay mineral species like a large quantities of illite and in lesser extend kaolinite and smectites. The illite was probably generated by diagenetic changes. The high cristalinidad of non expandibles and fireclay clay show the antique of the silts.

The objective of the work has been the development of an easy and economic methodology for the taking of data and interpretation of the superficial ruggedness of the soil. The superficial ruggedness of the soil accelerates the eolian erosion and hydraulics it that affects the ground. The study area is Pozo Molle, Córdoba, Argentina. The surroundings of the area are compound for lengthened depressions oriented in NE-SW and NW. The ruggedness of the soils has been made using digital cartographic information. In the area, they have been determined with a design in nets of narrow lengthened depressions with longitudes that vary from 500m to 2000m and a density from 10 to 30 for 1000 ha. The angles that form the lengthened depressions vary from 30º to 60º. These measures have based the tectonic origin of the design of the ruggedness.

The province of Córdoba has a wide distribution of loesic sediments. Its macromorphological features show similar aspects, especially due to the frank texture, the sequence of brown colors from dark to light and the slope of about 70%, while the microscopic studies of its sands show a very varied mineralogy.

The primary objective of the proposed study is to determine the feasibility as gold-bearing rocks of those associated with the volcanogenic complexes of "La Carolina", San Luis. The mining district under study is located between the coordinates (32º45'S-66º04'W) and (20º51, S-66º08'W), the most important location being "La Carolina". In this area, there is a volcanic complex of gold mineralization, formed by domes, lavas, pyroclasticites and sloped breccias, configuring a designed fluid pattern; that breaks into a peneplanized basement. Thin cuts are made of the rocks, that reflect the most developed petrology in the area and geochemical studies, that focused especially on the Cenozoic Age Vulcanogenic Complex, associated with Cerro Tomolasta to the west and Sololasta. These effusive rocks, correspond to orogenic andesitic lavas that evolved into chalcoalkaline associations, possibly from a trachyandesitic compositional line. Later silicification phenomena give hypersilicic terms, that fall into the field of rhyolites. From the metallogenic point they correspond to Cu-Au ore typologies. In addition, two types are distinguished, one with association with Ag, Pb, Zn and Au such as those corresponding to Cerro Tomolasta and the association corresponding to Cerro Sololasta, with Cu and Au. The latter, with increases in Au contents equivalent to by a factor 1.8. The metallogenic-productive characterization places them as belonging to non-productive type deposits and the gaps as sub-productive.

In this conference, the existence of trimorphs, such as vaterite, calcite and aragonite, in calcareous sediments is planted. The presence of these crystalline phases correlates with the thermodynamic conditions at the time of formation. The determination of the exact mineralogy of the recrystallized carbonate cement associated with calcretes makes it possible to determine physicochemical data of their formation.
The calcareous concretions that develop in soils and sediments are due to the precipitation and cementation of calcium minerals, which invade pores and fissures of these sediments. Its appearance varies from calcareous nodules to large areas hardened by the carbonaceous impregnation of the sediments. These calcareous concretions develop as a result of the interaction with the biosphere, the atmosphere and the hydrosphere, which is why they are used as palaeoenvironmental indicators, hence their importance in the mineral determination of them. Considering various methods for an exhaustive examination of them.

The autochthonous carbonates come from the decomposition of the original material. While the allochthonous carbonates come from origin
external, derived from air or water. Through this conference, a determinative method is proposed to establish the origin of the carbonates that impregnate sediments or soils. This method is based on the calculation of the potential chemism of the minerals that form sediments or materials originating in the soil. A determinative method is developed in order to evaluate the potential cationic contribution that sandsfine that the loesic sediments can contribute to the medium, under alteration processes.

Micromorphology studies, although
are based on a bit laborious sample
to achieve, are very important in
studies of the genesis of carbonates
in soils and sediments.
These determinations are developed
on samples impregnated in resins,
polished to 30 microns and studied in
transmission microscopy.
: From these studies it is achieved
note two important aspects:
• The state of crystallization of the
carbonates.
• And the processes of training and
transformation that affected them in the
soils or sediments.
• Below are some
important features to keep in mind.

This study was proposed in order to describe the pyroclastic material carried by the loesic sediments of the Cordoban plain. The soils of this wide plain develop on these sediments. The percentage variations, as well as the chemical quality of the pyroclastic material that form them,

The fine sand to silt fraction (100-20µm) were concentrated without cement destruction to preserve phytolith morphology. Phytolith identifications were carried out with a polarized microscope counting 1000 grains. Two paleoenvironment types were identified. The phytoliths from Tegua indicate a humid temperate environment such as palm savanna with grasses, whereas the Kiyu phytoliths suggest well developed wetlands.

El texto fue escrito para aquellas personas que aman los minerales, pero carecen de formación en el tema. Es un libro escrito para introducirlos en el mundo de la mineralogía, que está ilustrado con más de 200 fotografías de minerales, obtenidas por la autora, a partir de su colección personal de piezas pequeñas. Colocando al final de cada capítulo la procedencia de dichos minerales. A demás se han realizado más de 20 reconstrucciones de formas minerales y diversas imágenes aclaratorias del texto.